Influência da irrigação e da fertirrigação no rendimento de frutos de macieiras 'Kinkas'.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas e o rendimento de maçãs em função do uso da irrigação e da forma de aplicação de adubos ao solo (convencional sólida ou fertirrigação). O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2014/15 em um pomar instalado sobre um Cambissolo Húmico, em São Joaquim (SC), com o cultivar Kinkas. Os tratamentos foram: adubação sólida convencional (ASC); adubação sólida convencional + irrigação (ASC+I); fertirrigação (F); e fertirrigação + irrigação (F+I). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. A necessidade e o tempo de irrigação foram determinados pela média das leituras dos tensiômetros instalados entre as unidades experimentais. Foram avaliados os teores de Ca, Mg, P e K no solo e nas folhas, os parâmetros de produtividade, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e firmeza de polpa. O número e a produtividade de frutos, assim como os atributos de solo, não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Nas folhas, os teores de Ca foram maiores no tratamento com I+F em relação ao com ASC+I; para Mg, os maiores teores ocorreram nos tratamentos com ASC e ASC+I; para o K, os tratamentos com I+F e F foram os que apresentaram os maiores teores. A menor concentração de açúcares nos frutos ocorreu no tratamento com fertirrigação. Apesar de afetar a composição das folhas, a forma de aplicação dos adubos e a irrigação não afetaram a produtividade de maçãs

Adubação de pré-plantio e crescimento em videiras

Calagem, adubação e contaminação em solos cultivados com videiras Resumo -O rápido crescimento de videiras jovens e o início da produção é dependente da adubação de pré-plantio e crescimento. Assim, no presente capítulo são apresentadas informações referentes à calagem e tipos de adubações, especialmente de pré- plantio, realizada antes da implantação do vinhedo, e de crescimento, fase posterior ao transplante até o início da produção de uva. São apresentados os critérios para a tomada de decisão da necessidade e doses de fertilizantes, modos de aplicação e fontes e nutrientes. Além disso, são relatados resultados de pesquisa obtidos nas condições edafoclimáticas da região Sul do Brasil. Palavras-chave:calagem, adubação de plantio, adubação de crescimento, análise de solo, vinhedo.bitstream/item/156809/1/Adubacao-de-pre-plantio-e-crescimento-em-videiras.pd

Effectiveness of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma: Distinct sub-phenotypes of response identified by cluster analysis.

Background: Benralizumab is effective in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), but suboptimal responses are observed in some patients. Although several factors have been associated with benralizumab response, no cluster analysis has yet been undertaken to identify different responsiveness sub-phenotypes. Objective: To identify SEA sub-phenotypes with differential responsiveness to benralizumab. Methods: One hundred and five patients diagnosed with SEA who had completed 6 months of benralizumab treatment were included in a hierarchical cluster analysis based on a set of clinical variables that can be easily collected in routine practice (age, age at disease onset, disease length, allergen sensitization status, blood eosinophil count, IgE levels, FEV1% predicted, nasal polyposis, bronchiectasis). Results: Four clusters were identified: Clusters 2 and 3 included patients with high levels of both IgE and eosinophils (type-2 biomarkers high), whereas Clusters 1 and 4 included patients with only one type-2 biomarker at a high level: IgE in Cluster 1 and eosinophils in Cluster 4. Clusters 2 and 3 (both type-2 biomarkers high) showed the highest response rate to benralizumab in terms of elimination of exacerbations (79% and 80% respectively) compared to Clusters 1 and 4 (52% and 60% respectively). When super-response (the absence of exacerbation without oral corticosteroid use) was assessed, Cluster 2, including patients with more preserved lung function than the other clusters, but comparable exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid use and symptom severity, was the most responsive cluster (87.5% of patients). Conclusions: Our cluster analysis identified benralizumab differential response sub-phenotypes in SEA, with the potential of improving disease treatment and precision management

Establishment of potassium reference values using Bayesian models in grapevines

Critical levels (CL) of available potassium (K) in soils and leaves and maximum technical efficiency (MTE) doses are relevant information to define the best K fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of K in leaves and soil, using Bayesian analysis, in order to maximize grape yield and must quality of ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ grown in a subtropical climate. The vines were subjected to applications of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The CL and MTE doses of K, in leaves and soils, were determined using Bayesian hierarchical models. The range of probability of the occurrence of CL in leaves was 15.8 to 18.9 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.8 to 19.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at flowering. Moreover, the range was 15.3 to 18.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.1 to 18.2 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at veraison. In the soil, the CL of available K for ‘Chardonnay’ was 27.4 mg K kg−1 and for ‘Pinot Noir’ it was 23.2 mg K kg−1. The increase of K in leaves and soil increased the TSS, while the TTA decreased in both cultivars after sufficiency rate. The MTE was estimated in ‘Pinot Noir’. The proposition of CL and/or MTE doses of K can help increase the efficiency of K fertilization in vineyards

Enhancement of gene targeting in human cells by intranuclear permeation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52 protein

The introduction of exogenous DNA in human somatic cells results in a frequency of random integration at least 100-fold higher than gene targeting (GT), posing a seemingly insurmountable limitation for gene therapy applications. We previously reported that, in human cells, the stable over-expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52 gene (yRAD52), which plays the major role in yeast homologous recombination (HR), caused an up to 37-fold increase in the frequency of GT, indicating that yRAD52 interacts with the double-strand break repair pathway(s) of human cells favoring homologous integration. In the present study, we tested the effect of the yRad52 protein by delivering it directly to the human cells. To this purpose, we fused the yRAD52 cDNA to the arginine-rich domain of the TAT protein of HIV (tat11) that is known to permeate the cell membranes. We observed that a recombinant yRad52tat11 fusion protein produced in Escherichia coli, which maintains its ability to bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), enters the cells and the nuclei, where it is able to increase both intrachromosomal recombination and GT up to 63- and 50-fold, respectively. Moreover, the non-homologous plasmid DNA integration decreased by 4-fold. yRAD52tat11 proteins carrying point mutations in the ssDNA binding domain caused a lower or nil increase in recombination proficiency. Thus, the yRad52tat11 could be instrumental to increase GT in human cells and a ‘protein delivery approach’ offers a new tool for developing novel strategies for genome modification and gene therapy applications

A Rapid FACS-Based Strategy to Isolate Human Gene Knockin and Knockout Clones

Gene targeting protocols for mammalian cells remain inefficient and labor intensive. Here we describe FASTarget, a rapid, fluorescent cell sorting based strategy to isolate rare gene targeting events in human somatic cells. A fluorescent protein is used as a means for direct selection of targeted clones obviating the need for selection and outgrowth of drug resistant clones. Importantly, the use of a promoter-less, ATG-less construct greatly facilitates the recovery of correctly targeted cells. Using this method we report successful gene targeting in up to 94% of recovered human somatic cell clones. We create functional EYFP-tagged knockin clones in both transformed and non-transformed human somatic cell lines providing a valuable tool for mammalian cell biology. We further demonstrate the use of this technology to create gene knockouts. Using this generally applicable strategy we can recover gene targeted clones within approximately one month from DNA construct delivery to obtaining targeted monoclonal cell lines

Nitrogen fertilization affects yield and fruit quality in pear.

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