Skipping breakfast is associated with diet quality and metabolic syndrome risk factors of adults

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of skipping breakfast on diet quality and metabolic disease risk factors in healthy Korean adults. Subjects included 415 employees (118 men, 297 women; 30-50 years old) of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances. Data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary intake, blood pressure, and blood analyses. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the number of days they skipped breakfast: 'Regular breakfast eater', 'Often breakfast eater', or 'Rare breakfast eater'. Participants in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less rice, potatoes, kimchi, vegetables, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, and sweets than did participants in the other two groups (P for trend < 0.05) and ate more cookies, cakes, and meat for dinner (P for trend < 0.05). Participants in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less daily energy, fat, dietary fiber, calcium, and potassium than did participants in the other groups (P for trend < 0.05). The percent energy from carbohydrates was lower and fat intake was higher in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other groups (P for trend < 0.01). When diets were compared using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Koreans, 59.1% of subjects in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed more energy from fat compared with the other two groups (P < 0.005). According to the Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, intake of selected nutrients was lower in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The risk of elevated serum triglycerides was decreased in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group (OR, 0.3 [0.1-1.0], P for trend = 0.0232). We conclude that eating breakfast regularly enhances diet quality, but may increase the risk of elevated serum triglycerides

Fluorocyclopentenyl-cytosine with Broad Spectrum and Potent Antitumor Activity

On the basis of the potent biological activity of cyclopentenyl-pyrimidines, fluorocyclopentenyl-pyrimidines were designed and synthesized from d-ribose. Among these, the cytosine derivative <b>5a</b> showed highly potent antigrowth effects in a broad range of tumor cell lines and very potent antitumor activity in a nude mouse tumor xenograft model implanted with A549 human lung cancer cells. However, its 2′-deoxycytidine derivative <b>5b</b> did not show any antigrowth effects, indicating that 2′-hydroxyl group is essential for the biological activity

Structure–Activity Relationships of Truncated C2- or C8-Substituted Adenosine Derivatives as Dual Acting A_2A and A₃ Adenosine Receptor Ligands

Truncated <i>N</i>⁶-substituted-4′-oxo- and 4′-thioadenosine derivatives with C2 or C8 substitution were studied as dual acting A_2A and A₃ adenosine receptor (AR) ligands. The lithiation-mediated stannyl transfer and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions were utilized for functionalization of the C2 position of 6-chloropurine nucleosides. An unsubstituted 6-amino group and a hydrophobic C2 substituent were required for high affinity at the hA_2AAR, but hydrophobic C8 substitution abolished binding at the hA_2AAR. However, most of synthesized compounds displayed medium to high binding affinity at the hA₃AR, regardless of C2 or C8 substitution, and low efficacy in a functional cAMP assay. Several compounds tended to be full hA_2AAR agonists. C2 substitution probed geometrically through hA_2AAR docking was important for binding in order of hexynyl > hexenyl > hexanyl. Compound <b>4g</b> was the most potent ligand acting dually as hA_2AAR agonist and hA₃AR antagonist, which might be useful for treatment of asthma or other inflammatory diseases