746 research outputs found
COLLISIONAL VERSUS COLLISIONLESS MATTER: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF GRAVITATIONAL CLUSTERING
We present the results of a series of one-dimensional N-body and
hydrodynamical simulations which have been used for testing the different
clustering properties of baryonic and dark matter in an expanding background.
Initial Gaussian random density perturbations with a power-law spectrum are assumed. We analyse the distribution of density fluctuations
and thermodynamical quantities for different spectral indices and discuss
the statistical properties of clustering in the corresponding simulations. At
large scales the final distribution of the two components is very similar while
at small scales the dark matter presents a lumpiness which is not found in the
baryonic matter. The amplitude of density fluctuations in each component
depends on the spectral index and only for the amplitude of baryonic
density fluctuations is larger than that in the dark component. This result is
also confirmed by the behaviour of the bias factor, defined as the ratio
between the r.m.s of baryonic and dark matter fluctuations at different scales:
while for it is always less than unity except at very large scales
where it tends to one, for it is above 1.4 at all scales. All
simulations show also that there is not an exact correspondence between the
positions of largest peaks in dark and baryonic components, as confirmed by a
cross-correlation analysis. The final temperatures depend on the initial
spectral index: the highest values are obtained for and are in proximity
of high density regions.Comment: 7 pages Latex (MN style) + 10 figures in postscript files, uuencoded
submitted to MNRA
Thermal and non-thermal traces of AGN feedback: results from cosmological AMR simulations
We investigate the observable effects of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
(AGN) on non-thermal components of the intracluster medium (ICM). We have
modelled feedback from AGN in cosmological simulations with the adaptive mesh
refinement code ENZO, investigating three types of feedback that are sometimes
called quasar, jet and radio mode. Using a small set of galaxy clusters
simulated at high resolution, we model the injection and evolution of Cosmic
Rays, as well as their effects on the thermal plasma. By comparing, both, the
profiles of thermal gas to observed profiles from the ACCEPT sample, and the
secondary gamma-ray emission to the available upper limits from FERMI, we
discuss how the combined analysis of these two observables can constrain the
energetics and mechanisms of feedback models in clusters. Those modes of AGN
feedback that provide a good match to X-ray observations, yield a gamma-ray
luminosity resulting from secondary cosmic rays that is about below the
available upper limits from FERMI. Moreover, we investigate the injection of
turbulent motions into the ICM from AGN, and the detectability of these motions
via the analysis of line broadening of the Fe XXIII line. In the near future,
deeper observations/upper-limits of non-thermal emissions from galaxy clusters
will yield stringent constraints on the energetics and modes of AGN feedback,
even at early cosmic epochs.Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures. MNRAS accepted. A version of the paper with
higher quality figures can be found at this url:
http://www.ira.inaf.it/~vazza/papers/feedback_vazza.pd
Le contexte sociopolitique du Projet de paix perpĂ©tuelle dâEmmanuel Kant
Comprendre que le contexte sociopolitique dans lequel Kant a Ă©laborĂ© son Projet de paix perpĂ©tuelle Ă©tait marquĂ© par lâexistence dâune pluralitĂ© de formes de souverainetĂ© permet de mieux saisir la nature de son rĂ©publicanisme. En retour, cela permet de dĂ©finir plus adĂ©quatement les angles morts des catĂ©gories avec lesquelles il a pensĂ© la modernitĂ© naissante. AprĂšs avoir mis en relief le chronofĂ©tichisme de la thĂšse contemporaine de la paix dĂ©mocratique, lâarticle propose une rĂ©interprĂ©tation du projet kantien fondĂ©e sur lâexamen du contexte sociopolitique europĂ©en de la fin du 18e siĂšcle. Il conclut en esquissant certaines pistes de rĂ©flexion pour une conceptualisation alternative de la paix dĂ©mocratique qui prenne en compte le dĂ©veloppement inĂ©gal et combinĂ© du capitalisme au 19e siĂšcle.To understand that the socio-political context in which Kant developed his âPerpetual Peaceâ was marked by the existence a plurality of forms of sovereignty and social property regimes can lead to a more rigorous understanding of the nature of his republicanism. In turn, it allows us to identify certain blind spots in Kantâs theorization of nascent modernity. After having pointed to the chrono-fetishism of contemporary democratic peace theory, this article proposes a reinterpretation of the Kantian project based on the examination of the socio- political of the late 18th century. The conclusion outlines a tentative theorization of an alternative conceptualization of the democratic peace that takes into account the uneven and combined development of capitalism during the 19th century
On the amplification of magnetic fields in cosmic filaments and galaxy clusters
The amplification of primordial magnetic fields via a small-scale turbulent
dynamo during structure formation might be able to explain the observed
magnetic fields in galaxy clusters. The magnetisation of more tenuous
large-scale structures such as cosmic filaments is more uncertain, as it is
challenging for numerical simulations to achieve the required dynamical range.
In this work, we present magneto-hydrodynamical cosmological simulations on
large uniform grids to study the amplification of primordial seed fields in the
intracluster medium (ICM) and in the warm-hot-intergalactic medium (WHIM). In
the ICM, we confirm that turbulence caused by structure formation can produce a
significant dynamo amplification, even if the amplification is smaller than
what is reported in other papers. In the WHIM inside filaments, we do not
observe significant dynamo amplification, even though we achieve Reynolds
numbers of . The maximal amplification for large
filaments is of the order of for the magnetic energy, corresponding
to a typical field of a few starting from a primordial weak field
of G (comoving). In order to start a small-scale dynamo, we found
that a minimum of resolution elements across the virial radius of
galaxy clusters was necessary. In filaments we could not find a minimum
resolution to set off a dynamo. This stems from the inefficiency of supersonic
motions in the WHIM in triggering solenoidal modes and small-scale twisting of
magnetic field structures. Magnetic fields this small will make it hard to
detect filaments in radio observations.Comment: MNRAS accepted, in press. 18 pages, 18 Figures. New version to match
with the one published in MNRAS. Updated publication list and footnote added
to the title as obituary notic
Project Hetura: Reflections on an International Local Government Partnership
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the Townsville/Port Moresby partnership activities and explore the challenges and benefits to both Councils from the perspective of a Townsville City Council employee associated with the program.Since 2002, Townsville City Council has been engaged in a capacity building project with the National Capital District Commission (NCDC) in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The project, named Hetura, means mateship or friendship in Moto, the predominant language group in Port Moresby. Project Hetura is coordinated through the Commonwealth Local Government Forumâ (CLGF) Good Practice Scheme with funding from AusAID. Townsville City Council provides in-kind support through the contribution of staff time and participation while the National Capital District Commission provides a budget allocation for the project.The overarching goal of Project Hetura is to strengthen management, planning, and governance within the NCDC and to improve the capacity of the organisation to deliver efficient, responsive, accountable services to the community. Rather than engaging in a traditional consultancy, the approach by participants of Project Hetura has been that of a partnership built through a relationship of trust and good-will developed over time between the two organisations. Within this partnership, the skills and contributions of all parties are valued, and team members work together to develop sustainable solutions to identified problems
Properties of Cosmological Filaments extracted from Eulerian Simulations
Using a new parallel algorithm implemented within the VisIt framework, we
analysed large cosmological grid simulations to study the properties of baryons
in filaments. The procedure allows us to build large catalogues with up to
filaments per simulated volume and to investigate the
properties of cosmic filaments for very large volumes at high resolution (up to
simulated with cells). We determined scaling
relations for the mass, volume, length and temperature of filaments and
compared them to those of galaxy clusters. The longest filaments have a total
length of about with a mass of several . We
also investigated the effects of different gas physics. Radiative cooling
significantly modifies the thermal properties of the warm-hot-intergalactic
medium of filaments, mainly by lowering their mean temperature via line
cooling. On the other hand, powerful feedback from active galactic nuclei in
surrounding halos can heat up the gas in filaments. The impact of
shock-accelerated cosmic rays from diffusive shock acceleration on filaments is
small and the ratio of between cosmic ray and gas pressure within filaments is
of the order of percent.Comment: 27 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journa
Geopolitics, State-Formation and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario
This dissertation challenges the prevailing periodization of Quebec and Ontarioâs economic development in Canadian historiography by contrasting the specificity of capitalist social relations with the non-capitalist forms of social reproduction belonging to French Canadian peasants and Upper Canadian farmers in the colonial period. With a few notable exceptions, existing historical interpretations assume that capitalism was there, at least in embryo, from the colonyâs very beginning in the guise of the fur trade, manufacturing, or a local bourgeoisie. By contrast, this thesis brings together, through a comparative perspective, different pieces of the interconnected histories of France, Britain, the United States, Ontario, and Quebec in order to show that capitalism did not arrive on the shores of the St. Lawrence River with the first settlers. The dissertation also brings together pieces of the uneven intra-regional histories of these regions, and provides a general reflection on how to systematically integrate the geopolitical dimension of social change into historical sociology, political economy, and comparative politics. As such, the question with which the thesis is concerned is not exclusively that of the transition to capitalism in Quebec or in Ontario, but more broadly the interrelated questions of state-formation and âlate developmentâ in north-eastern North America.
One of the main findings of the dissertation is that only with the development of industrial capitalism in the north-eastern United States were the conditions for the emergence of capital-intensive types of agriculture in rural areas of Quebec and Ontario put in place. American breakthroughs toward industrial capitalism irrevocably transformed the system-wide conditions under which subsequent agricultural evolution took place in neighbouring regions, generating a new geopolitical configuration in which customary peasant production continued to persist in Quebec alongside petty-commodity farmers in Upper Canada and the development of industrial capitalism in urban areas such as Montreal. These findings bring to the fore the need to directly address the âpeasant questionâ in order to understand the impact of the continued existence of a large peasantry on state-formation and the long-term economic development of Quebec during the period when industrial capitalism was emerging as a dominant feature of the North American economy
GPU Accelerated Particle Visualization with Splotch
Splotch is a rendering algorithm for exploration and visual discovery in
particle-based datasets coming from astronomical observations or numerical
simulations. The strengths of the approach are production of high quality
imagery and support for very large-scale datasets through an effective mix of
the OpenMP and MPI parallel programming paradigms. This article reports our
experiences in re-designing Splotch for exploiting emerging HPC architectures
nowadays increasingly populated with GPUs. A performance model is introduced
for data transfers, computations and memory access, to guide our re-factoring
of Splotch. A number of parallelization issues are discussed, in particular
relating to race conditions and workload balancing, towards achieving optimal
performances. Our implementation was accomplished by using the CUDA programming
paradigm. Our strategy is founded on novel schemes achieving optimized data
organisation and classification of particles. We deploy a reference simulation
to present performance results on acceleration gains and scalability. We
finally outline our vision for future work developments including possibilities
for further optimisations and exploitation of emerging technologies.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. Astronomy and Computing (2014
Forecasts for the detection of the magnetised cosmic web from cosmological simulations
The cosmic web contains a large fraction of the total gas mass in the
universe but is difficult to detect at most wavelengths. Synchrotron emission
from shock-accelerated electrons may offer the chance of imaging the cosmic web
at radio wavelengths. In this work we use 3D cosmological ENZO-MHD simulations
(combined with a post-processing renormalisation of the magnetic field to
bracket for missing physical ingredients and resolution effects) to produce
models of the radio emission from the cosmic web. In post-processing we study
the capabilities of 13 large radio surveys to detect this emission. We find
that surveys by LOFAR, SKA1-LOW and MWA have a chance of detecting the cosmic
web, provided that the magnetisation level of the tenuous medium in filaments
is of the order of 1% of the thermal gas energy.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures. A&A accepted, in press. The public repository
of radio maps for the full volumes studied in this work is available at
http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/DE/Ins/Per/Vazza/projects/Public_data.htm
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