From forest transition to ecosystem services transition: Dynamics of ecosystem services in the Reventazón watershed in Costa Rica

International audienc

Land-cover changes between 1986 and 2008 in the study site (data from [62]).

<p>The gray area in the center of the map represents the Angostura reservoir built between 1996 and 2001. Numbers identify the 13 sub-watersheds.</p

Forest transition and ES transition frameworks.

<p>Forest transition and ES transition frameworks.</p

Spatial data used to assess ES or to present the results of ES assessments.

<p>Spatial data used to assess ES or to present the results of ES assessments.</p

Changes of ecosystem services from 1986 to 2008.

<p>(a) Mean changes in the levels of the six selected ES. (A: agricultural production, C: carbon, N: nitrogen retention, P: phosphorus retention, S: sediment retention, W: water yield); (b) location of sub-watersheds in the three clusters defined by ES changes: (1) “Weak tradeoffs: more food, less carbon and water” (n = 3); (2) “Weak tradeoffs: more carbon, less food” (n = 8); (3) “Strong tradeoffs: more carbon, less food” (n = 2); (c-e): changes in ES levels in the three clusters of sub-watersheds (lines represent the median values of the group elements, ribbons represent the interquartile range).</p

Location of the study site in Costa Rica.

<p>Location of the study site in Costa Rica.</p

Changes of forest area from 1986 to 2008.

<p>(a) In the whole area; (b) in each the 13 sub-watersheds; (c) location of sub-watersheds in the three groups defined by large increase in forest area (in more than 3% of the area, n = 2), moderate increase (n = 8) and decrease or no change (n = 3).</p

Simplified model of ES transition in the upper part of the Reventazón watershed as suggested by existing literature and databases.

<p>Simplified model of ES transition in the upper part of the Reventazón watershed as suggested by existing literature and databases.</p

Cuentos que construyen paz

Esta propuesta se enmarca en el Proyecto Comunidades Educativas que Construyen Paz, del Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos (IDELA), cuyo propósito es facilitar procesos pedagógicos para la paz con comunidades educativas, por medio de una metodología lúdica y participativa, con el fin de promover la construcción de una cultura de paz en los espacios de convivencia cotidianos.Este libro es el resultado de un proceso que se fue tejiendo durante el 2021, el Festival para la Paz, el cual se realiza como una forma de contribuir a la creación y difusión de espacios participativos, lúdicos y creativos para instar a la paz desde las comunidades educativas. Esto, a modo de ir constituyendo una red con ideas novedosas que dan forma a dichos cuentos, constructores de paz. La creación y elaboración de cuentos fue una apuesta con equipos interdisciplinarios, niñas y niños de las escuelas públicas de la Regional de Heredia del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica: Escuela Finca Guararí, Escuela Miguel Aguilar Bonilla, Escuela Rubén Darío y Escuela Santiago.This book is the result of a process that was woven during 2021, the Festival for Peace, which is carried out as a way to contribute to the creation and dissemination of participatory, playful and creative spaces to encourage peace from the educational communities. This, as a way of building a network with innovative ideas that give shape to these stories, peace builders. The creation and elaboration of stories was a bet with interdisciplinary teams, girls and boys of the public schools of the Heredia Regional of the Ministry of Public Education of Costa Rica: Finca Guararí School, Miguel Aguilar Bonilla School, Rubén Darío School and Santiago School.Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericano