Análisis de la relación entre la pobreza y empleo en el departamento de Loreto, periodo 2015 - 2019

One of the most efficient ways to combat poverty is by creating jobs in the formal sector. This research aims to determine the relationship between poverty and employment in the department of Loreto, in the period 2015 - 2019. Oriented by this purpose, the present study of a Quantitative type, Correlational level and Non-Experimental design was carried out. The research concludes that poverty has not relationship or determination with employment, a conclusion supported by the statistical test that resulted in the Correlation Coefficient r = -0.402558360; and in the Correlation Coefficient R2 = 0.162053233; which demonstrates the lack of statistical association or significance between poverty and employment. The type of employment that predominates in the department of Loreto is informal employment, where 81.35% of workers are located, equivalent to 411,510 people. For its part, formal employment only employed 94,350 workers, which represents 18.65. The average real monthly per capita income had a variable behavior during the five years, reaching its maximum value in 2017 being S /. 697.00 and the lowest in 2016 with S /. 654.00. The average real monthly per capita expenditure measures the well-being of the population, and had a variable evolution throughout the five-year period, the highest value being S /. 551.00 in 2018, and the lowest S /. 517.00 of the year 2016.Una de las formas más eficientes de combatir la pobreza es mediante la generación de puestos de trabajo en el sector formal. En la presente investigación se pretende determinar la relación entre la pobreza y el empleo en el departamento de Loreto, en el periodo 2015 – 2019. Orientado por este propósito, se ejecutó el presente estudio de tipo Cuantitativo, nivel Correlacional y de diseño No Experimental. La investigación concluye que la pobreza no tiene relación ni determinación con el empleo, conclusión apoyada en el test estadístico que dio como resultado que el Coeficiente de Correlación r = -0.402558360; y en el Coeficiente de Correlación R2 = 0.162053233; con lo que se demuestra la inexistencia de asociación estadística ni significancia entre la pobreza y el empleo. El tipo de empleo que predomina en el departamento de Loreto es el empleo informal, en el que ubica el 81.35% de los trabajadores equivalente a 411,510 personas. Por su lado, el empleo formal solamente ocupó a 94,350 trabajadores que representa el 18.65. El ingreso real promedio per cápita mensual tuvo un comportamiento variable durante los cinco años, llegando a su máximo valor el año 2017 siendo S/. 697.00 y el más bajo el año 2016 con S/. 654.00. El gasto real promedio per cápita mensual mide el bienestar de la población, y tuvo una evolución variable a lo largo del quinquenio, siendo el valor más alto S/. 551.00 del año 2018, y el más bajo S/. 517.00 del año 2016

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain

Task-free functional connectivity in animal models provides an experimental framework to examine connectivity phenomena under controlled conditions and allows for comparisons with data modalities collected under invasive or terminal procedures. Currently, animal acquisitions are performed with varying protocols and analyses that hamper result comparison and integration. Here we introduce StandardRat, a consensus rat functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition protocol tested across 20 centers. To develop this protocol with optimized acquisition and processing parameters, we initially aggregated 65 functional imaging datasets acquired from rats across 46 centers. We developed a reproducible pipeline for analyzing rat data acquired with diverse protocols and determined experimental and processing parameters associated with the robust detection of functional connectivity across centers. We show that the standardized protocol enhances biologically plausible functional connectivity patterns relative to previous acquisitions. The protocol and processing pipeline described here is openly shared with the neuroimaging community to promote interoperability and cooperation toward tackling the most important challenges in neuroscience

A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain

International audienc

Author Correction: A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain (Nature Neuroscience, (2023), 26, 4, (673-681), 10.1038/s41593-023-01286-8)

In the version of this article initially published, Clément M. Garin was presented in the author list without a middle initial. The name has been amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics in Evaluation of LIXisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome, a long-term cardiovascular end point trial of lixisenatide versus placebo

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a particularly high risk of CV events. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, improves glycemia, but its effects on CV events have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: ELIXA (www.clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT01147250) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of lixisenatide in patients with T2DM and a recent ACS event. The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of lixisenatide on CV morbidity and mortality in a population at high CV risk. The primary efficacy end point is a composite of time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Data are systematically collected for safety outcomes, including hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and malignancy. RESULTS: Enrollment began in July 2010 and ended in August 2013; 6,068 patients from 49 countries were randomized. Of these, 69% are men and 75% are white; at baseline, the mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 9.7 years, body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m(2), and duration of T2DM was 9.3 ± 8.2 years. The qualifying ACS was a myocardial infarction in 83% and unstable angina in 17%. The study will continue until the positive adjudication of the protocol-specified number of primary CV events. CONCLUSION: ELIXA will be the first trial to report the safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in people with T2DM and high CV event risk