Residue Number System Hardware Emulator and Instructions Generator

Residue Number System (RNS) is an alternative form of representing integers on which a large value gets represented by a set of smaller and independent integers. Cryptographic and signal filtering algorithms benefit from the use of RNS, due to its capabilities to increase performance and security. Herein, a simulation tool is presented which emulates the hardware implementation of an actual RNS co-processor. An “high-level to assembly” instructions generator is also built into this tool. The programmability and scalable architecture of the considered processor along with the high level description of the algorithm allows researchers and developers to easily evaluate and test their RNS algorithms on an actual architecture, using Java

Combustibles forestales superficiales y riesgo de incendio en tres estadios de sucesión de bosques en el Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Costa Rica.

Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería Forestal) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, 2014.In this study, forest fuel of the standing trees and aboveground mulch was quantified. Also, the floristic composition was characterized in three successional stages of treatment, old or primary forest (38.36 ha), more than 30 years (22.75 ha) and 10-25 years (29.88 ha). The sampling design for temporary plots was a simple random and stratified, with seven replicates per treatment (15 x 50 m), with sub plots 1m2 for quantification of surface soil material. Topsoil samples were taken to the laboratory of the Center for Integration Research Forest Industry (CIIBI) at the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. The consumption tests were performed. The hazard index was determined from surface fuels. A total of 567 individuals, 57 species and 28 families (five families represented by only one individual) was identified. Only 10 species were present in the three successional stages. Most species are found in primary forest (37), while the > 30 years forest had the highest number of families (20). The primary forest has the highest amount of forestry fuel with a value of 254.67 Mg ha-1. The mature secondary forest (> 30 years) was the second highest with 196.27 Mg ha-1. The lowest values (71.31 Mg ha-1) correspond to the 10-25 years forest. The fuels accumulated in the topsoil was higher for primary forest (14.06 Mg ha-1), followed by the largest forest to 30 years (11.87 Mg ha-1), and finally the forest 10-25 years (7.75 Mg ha-1). It was found that the amount of fuel tends to be higher in the older sites. The average value obtained of IPCS was 754.32, according to the classification criteria described by Galiana (2009) and modified by Parra (2013), the three stages of succession are placed in the medium-low risk category.Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal

Redes sociales: Instagram y la capcidad persuasiva de los influencers

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado, que se presenta para la obtención del título de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas por la Universidad de Sevilla, enmarcado en la línea: “Redes sociales: Instagram y la capacidad persuasiva de los influencers” desarrolla en su inicio una revisión bibliográfica desde el nacimiento de las redes sociales hasta el panorama digital actual, en el que la figura del influencer ha ganado una gran relevancia. A continuación, se realiza un análisis de contenido a través del estudio de los posts publicados por una serie de influencers durante el pasado año. El propósito de este proyecto es entender el actual modelo de negocio establecido en esta plataforma social y todo su funcionamiento.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Probing dark matter with higgs bosons and top quarks

Dissertação de mestrado em PhysicsThe Dark Matter (DM) mystery, or, also called, the missing matter problem, is probably the most important astrophysical and cosmological problem to be solved in order to explain numerous phenomena that our current best theories of gravity fail to describe. These observations, gathered for the last century, imply the existence of extra matter in the Universe, to which we called dark matter, due to its non-interactive nature with the Standard Model (SM) interactions like the Electromagnetic (EM) force, making it extremely hard to detect. Although its existence is generally accepted, some astrophysicists argue for various modifi cations of the laws of general relativity, such as modified Newtonian dynamics, tensor-vector-scalar gravity, entropic gravity and some others. These models attempt to account for all observations without invoking supplemental matter. DM is thought to have had a strong influence on the structure and evolution of the Universe and to be non-baryonic, meaning it may be composed of some particles yet to be discovered, which constitutes another evidence supporting the incompleteness of the SM. A phenomenological study is presented in this thesis in which a simplified DM model was used in order to perform the reconstruction of the ¯ system in the presence of a scalar dark matter particle, 0. In order to do this, signal samples of → ¯ 0 were generated at Leading Order (LO) using MadGraph5_aMC@NLO at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), considering a pure CP-odd scalar boson, with a mass of 0 = 0 GeV, and considering only the dileptonic final states of the top quark pair. An event analysis is described and applied to signal samples and background SM events, which are reconstructed using a kinematic fit, assuming all the contributions for the missing transverse energy belong only to the undetected neutrinos. Furthermore, CP angular observables, that were explored in the studies of the Higgs boson, were used to set Confidence Levels (CL) limits as a function of the CP nature of the top quark couplings to the proposed scalar particle 0. Of these observables, the Δℓ +ℓ − and 4 variables were used to calculate exclusion limits for the CP-even and CP-odd components of the top quark DM couplings.O mistério da matéria escura é possivelmente o problema astrofísico e cosmológico mais significativo a ser resolvido pela comunidade científica a fim de explicar vários fenómenos que as melhores teorias da gravidade dos dias de hoje falham em descrever. As observações astronómicas realizadas no último século, implicam a existência de matéria extra no Universo, à qual chamamos matéria escura, devido à sua natureza não interactuante com as interações do Modelo Padrão, como é o caso da força eletromag nética, tornando a sua deteção particularmente difícil. Embora a sua existência seja geralmente aceite, existem modelos alternativos que envolvem possíveis alterações nas leis da relatividade geral, tais como a dinâmica modificada de Newton, gravidade tensorial-vetorial-escalar, gravidade entrópica, entre outras. Estes modelos tentam explicar todas as observações sem invocar matéria suplementar. Pensa-se que a matéria escura tenha tido uma forte influência na estrutura e evolução do Universo e de ser não-bariónica, ou seja, constituída por partículas que estão ainda por descobrir, dando assim mais uma indicação de que o Modelo Padrão está de facto incompleto. Nesta dissertação é apresentado um estudo fenomenológico no qual foi utilizado um modelo de ma téria escura simplificado que considera a produção de um sistema ¯ associado a uma partícula escalar de matéria escura, 0. Para este objetivo, amostras de sinal do tipo → ¯ 0 foram geradas à ordem mais baixa (LO) usando o gerador Monte Carlo MadGraph5_aMC@NLO no LHC (Large Hadron Collider), considerando um bosão puramente CP-ímpar, com uma massa de 0 = 0 GeV, e considerando apenas estados finais dileptónicos. A análise descrita foi efetuada nestas amostras de sinal em conjunto com eventos de fundo do Modelo Padrão e estes foram reconstruídos com recurso a um ajuste cinemático, assumindo que toda a energia transversa em falta pertence aos neutrinos, provenientes dos decaimentos do quark top e que não são detetados. Para além disto, observáveis angulares, que foram explorados an teriormente em estudos do bosão de Higgs, foram usados para definir limites nos níveis de confiança com que se detetam estas partículas em função da natureza CP dos acoplamentos do quark top à partícula proposta 0. Destes observáveis, houve um particular foco na diferença do ângulo azimutal dos dois lep tões presentes nos eventos (Δℓ +ℓ −) e na variável 4 para calcular limites de exclusão aos acoplamentos do quark top ao mediador de matéria escura

Youth and Politics in Democratic Argentina: Inventing Traditions, Creating New Trends (1983-2008)

This paper has three objectives of different caliber. First, to present the trajectories of youth studies- in particular about youth and politics- in Argentina from 1983 to 2008, within the political and academic local context. Second, to present our study on youth and politics through several cases of youth participation. Finally, to discuss youth and politics as an academic and societal preoccupation in the light of the afore-mentioned processes.Fil: Chaves, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Pedro. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Essays on bounded rationality: individual decision and strategic interaction

Economics is a social science which, therefore, focuses on people and on the decisions they make, be it in an individual context, or in group situations. It studies human choices, in face of needs to be fulfilled, and a limited amount of resources to fulfill them. For a long time, there was a convergence between the normative and positive views of human behavior, in that the ideal and predicted decisions of agents in economic models were entangled in one single concept. That is, it was assumed that the best that could be done in each situation was exactly the choice that would prevail. Or, at least, that the facts that economics needed to explain could be understood in the light of models in which individual agents act as if they are able to make ideal decisions. However, in the last decades, the complexity of the environment in which economic decisions are made and the limits on the ability of agents to deal with it have been recognized, and incorporated into models of decision making in what came to be known as the bounded rationality paradigm. This was triggered by the incapacity of the unboundedly rationality paradigm to explain observed phenomena and behavior. This thesis contributes to the literature in three different ways. Chapter 1 is a survey on bounded rationality, which gathers and organizes the contributions to the field since Simon (1955) first recognized the necessity to account for the limits on human rationality. The focus of the survey is on theoretical work rather than the experimental literature which presents evidence of actual behavior that differs from what classic rationality predicts. The general framework is as follows. Given a set of exogenous variables, the economic agent needs to choose an element from the choice set that is avail- able to him, in order to optimize the expected value of an objective function (assuming his preferences are representable by such a function). If this problem is too complex for the agent to deal with, one or more of its elements is simplified. Each bounded rationality theory is categorized according to the most relevant element it simplifes. Chapter 2 proposes a novel theory of bounded rationality. Much in the same fashion as Conlisk (1980) and Gabaix (2014), we assume that thinking is costly in the sense that agents have to pay a cost for performing mental operations. In our model, if they choose not to think, such cost is avoided, but they are left with a single alternative, labeled the default choice. We exemplify the idea with a very simple model of consumer choice and identify the concept of isofin curves, i.e., sets of default choices which generate the same utility net of thinking cost. Then, we apply the idea to a linear symmetric Cournot duopoly, in which the default choice can be interpreted as the most natural quantity to be produced in the market. We find that, as the thinking cost increases, the number of firms thinking in equilibrium decreases. More interestingly, for intermediate levels of thinking cost, an equilibrium in which one of the firms chooses the default quantity and the other best responds to it exists, generating asymmetric choices in a symmetric model. Our model is able to explain well-known regularities identified in the Cournot experimental literature, such as the adoption of different strategies by players (Huck et al. , 1999), the inter temporal rigidity of choices (Bosch-Dom enech & Vriend, 2003) and the dispersion of quantities in the context of di cult decision making (Bosch-Dom enech & Vriend, 2003). Chapter 3 applies a model of bounded rationality in a game-theoretic set- ting to the well-known turnout paradox in large elections, pivotal probabilities vanish very quickly and no one should vote, in sharp contrast with the ob- served high levels of turnout. Inspired by the concept of rhizomatic thinking, introduced by Bravo-Furtado & Côrte-Real (2009a), we assume that each per- son is self-delusional in the sense that, when making a decision, she believes that a fraction of the people who support the same party decides alike, even if no communication is established between them. This kind of belief simplifies the decision of the agent, as it reduces the number of players he believes to be playing against { it is thus a bounded rationality approach. Studying a two-party first-past-the-post election with a continuum of self-delusional agents, we show that the turnout rate is positive in all the possible equilibria, and that it can be as high as 100%. The game displays multiple equilibria, at least one of which entails a victory of the bigger party. The smaller one may also win, provided its relative size is not too small; more self-delusional voters in the minority party decreases this threshold size. Our model is able to explain some empirical facts, such as the possibility that a close election leads to low turnout (Geys, 2006), a lower margin of victory when turnout is higher (Geys, 2006) and high turnout rates favoring the minority (Bernhagen & Marsh, 1997)

Los guerreros Kayapó: Raoni y el mundo

Anais do II Encontro de Iniciação Científica e de Extensão da Unila - Sessão de Antropologia - 03/07/13 – 13h30 às 18h30 - Unila-PTI - Bloco 09 – Espaço 03 – Sala 02La presente investigaci ́on es resultado de observaciones etnogr ́ a ficas realizadas durante el evento C ́ upula de los Pueblos / R ́ ıo +20, espec ́ ıficamente en el Acampamento Terra Livre, lide- rado y realizado por grupos y organizaciones ind ́ ıgenas de Am ́erica Latina. Debido a su amplia diversidad de intereses, posturas y propuestas pol ́ ıticas y formas de participaci ́ on, entre otras; limit ́e mis observaciones a un grupo en particular. Eleg ́ ı observar a los Kayap ́o: por su historia guerrera, sus compromisos y logros pol ́ ıticos, por su l ́ ıder m ́ aximo: Raoni Raoni Metuktire es uno de los ind ́ ıgenas m ́as renombrados en Brasil, debido a su participaci ́ on en la demarcaci ́on de tierras ind ́ ıgenas, su intervenci ́on en la re-formulaci ́ on de la Constituci ́ on en 1988 y sobre- todo por sus constantes v ́ ınculos con el ”primer mundo”(Menezes Bastos, 1996). Hoy en d ́ ıa es el emblema de la lucha contra Belo Monte, estando presente desde los inicios de esta lucha cuando la hidroel ́ectrica a ́ un era llamada de Kararaˆo, a finales de la d ́ecada de 1980. Luego de la pesquisa etnogr ́a fica, se analizaron los datos junto a la bibliograf ́ ıa con la pretensi ́on de entender la interacci ́on y el (no) di ́alogo entre los grupos ind ́ ıgenas y el desarrollo econ ́omico que los enfrenta. En este caso, particularizamos tales encuentros en la simbolog ́ ıa utilizada por una pel ́ ıcula (Avatar), sumado a la oportuna visita que su director (James Cameron) realiz ́ o al Xing ́ u, con la oferta de llevar a los Kayap ́ o a la pantalla grande. Durante la R ́ ıo +20, Raoni siempre estuvo acompa ̃ nado por su traductor y por su coro de guerreros, consigui ́o los extremos de dar una apacible entrevista para un grupo de j ́ ovenes antrop ́ologos, a rechazar la invitaci ́on por parte del primer ministro de Francia para ”dialogar”sobre Belo Monte, mantuvo siempre firmeza en su discurso junto a una estoica y prometedora mirada que no se dejaba intimidar por casi una centena de c ́amaras que tomaban su imagen. Este actuar de Raoni ligado a la situaci ́on vivida actualmente en el Xing ́ u, Avatar y las lecturas realizadas desencaden ́o en una reflexi ́on o interpretaci ́on sobre el ”animismo”de Avatar, donde los esp ́ ıritus, los Navi (pueblo ind ́ ıgena de la pel ́ ıcula) y los hombres blancos comparten un plano com ́ un (Viveiros de Castro, 1996; Descola, 2006). Con esto quiero decir que el cuerpo no determina a los esp ́ ıritus, pero si viceversa. Por tanto independientemente del cuerpo, los Navi pueden reconocer a un pariente por causa del esp ́ ıritu que lo hace. Finalmente, tambi ́en realizamos estudios sobre el consumo de los Kayap ́o como v ́ ınculo con el desarrollo econ ́omico y como actualizaci ́on de sus rituales (Gor- don, 2006), en contraposici ́on con la categorizaci ́on de consumos realizadas por el hombre blanco.Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA