Early Bilateral Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Management of Severe Ocular Involvement from Acute Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Chinese Pediatric Patient

Introduction: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but potentially life-threatening muco-cutaneous condition associated with idiosyncratic hypersensitivity to certain drugs. Ophthalmic involvement is common, typically affecting the ocular surface and eyelids. Survivors often suffer from resulting bilateral blindness and ocular dryness or pain. Objective: To report the successful management of severe ocular surface disease during the acute stage of toxic epidermal necrolysis using early amniotic membrane transplantation on both eyes in a Chinese paediatric patient. Design: Interventional case report Case Report: A 15 year-old Chinese girl was transferred to the intensive care unit of Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong with TEN after taking oral cefuroxime and diclofenac. She developed bilateral keratoconjunctivitis, diffuse corneal epithelial defects (80-90% of cornea surface) and later bilateral symblephara. After initial treatment with daily rodding, topical lubricants, steroids and antibiotics, there was no improvement in her condition. Bilateral amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) was performed over the cornea, fornix, tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva on day 10 of illness. On discharge from the hospital (post-operative week 7), the patient had pinhole visual acuity of 6/7.5 in the right eye and 6/6 the left eye. She was eventually weaned off all topical medication. Visual acuity eventually recovered to 6/6 in both eyes by week 20 after surgery. There was mild residual forniceal symblepharon and eyelid margin keratinization. She continues to require regular lubricants for her chronic ocular surface condition.published_or_final_versio

Comparison of the acute ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Chinese eyes: a 15-year retrospective study

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Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Dermatitis Flammeus - an infection-related complication of atopic dermatitis

Conference Theme: From Medical to Cosmetic Dermatology - 皮膚- 健康與

Cross-cultural adaptation of speech, spaital and qualities of hearing scale in Hong Kong Chinese

Poster Presentation: no. PP107The aim of this study is to develop the Chinese version of Speech, Spatial and Qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). After the items in English SSQ (version 5.6) were translated to Chinese, they were used to interview a sample of hearing impaired Chinese older adults in Hong Kong. Their hearing disability profiles as revealed in the Chinese SSQ were compared to that of a Caucasian sample published in the original SSQ article

Age effects on speech recognition in noise during early to middle adulthood

Poster Presentatio