Histoire et actualités de la bibliothèque communale populaire de Montreuil

La bibliothèque de Montreuil est ouverte au public depuis 135 ans. Son appellation d’origine contrôlée « Bibliothèque communale populaire », qui ornait les pages de titre des acquisitions de la première décennie, témoigne d’une double parenté. D’un côté, elle naît directement d’un corpus réglementaire de 1874 qui encadre la fondation et le fonctionnement des bibliothèques populaires, offrant aux communes une aide du ministère de l’Instruction en contrepartie d’un contrôle serré des activités ..

Inkjet printing of ceramic colloidal suspensions: Filament growth and breakup

Filament growth and breakup are investigated in the context of ceramic inkjet printing. Several inks were formulated and ejected on a printer dedicated to ceramic materials. They consisted of six colloidal inks, four simple fluids and two graphic inks. For each, stroboscopic snapshots were acquired and the filament shape was extracted and analysed, for different nozzle actuation pulses. The filament length and the thread minimum radius were measured during the ejection process. A scaling of the breakup time with the Rayleigh number was obtained, as well as a general behaviour for the filament growth rate during the ejection process

Patterns of foraging activity and fidelity in a Southeast Asian flying fox

Background: Improved understanding of the foraging ecology of bats in the face of ongoing habitat loss and modification worldwide is essential to their conservation and maintaining the substantial ecosystem services they provide. It is also fundamental to assessing potential transmission risks of zoonotic pathogens in human-wildlife interfaces. We evaluated the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia. Methods: We employed an approach based on animal-movement modeling, which comprised a path-segmentation method (hidden Markov model) to identify individual foraging-behavior sequences in GPS data generated by eight P. lylei. We characterized foraging localities, foraging activity, and probability of returning to a given foraging locality over consecutive nights. Generalized linear mixed models were also applied to assess the influence of several variables including proxies for energetic costs and quality of foraging areas. Results: Bats performed few foraging bouts (area-restricted searches) during a given night, mainly in residential areas, and the duration of these decreased during the night. The probability of a bat revisiting a given foraging area within 48 h varied according to the duration previously spent there, its distance to the roost site, and the corresponding habitat type. We interpret these fine-scale patterns in relation to global habitat quality (including food-resource quality and predictability), habitat-familiarity and experience of each individual. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that heterogeneous human-made environments may promote complex patterns of foraging-behavior and short-term re-visitation in fruit bat species that occur in such landscapes. This highlights the need for similarly detailed studies to understand the processes that maintain biodiversity in these environments and assess the potential for pathogen transmission in human-wildlife interfaces

Des bibliothèques populaires à la lecture publique

Les changements politiques et socioculturels amènent au xixe siècle une demande croissante de lecture, qu’elle soit instructive ou récréative. Les bibliothèques dites « populaires » sont alors mises en place pour tenter de répondre à ces besoins. Trop laïques pour certains, trop cléricales pour d’autres, trop « populaires » enfin, leur histoire a fait l’objet d’un profond oubli pendant la longue première moitié du xxe siècle. Qui étaient les lecteurs de la France rurale, comment les publics cohabitaient-ils, pourquoi le service de prêt de livres s’est-il progressivement répandu, comment les autorités considéraient-elles ces nouvelles institutions… ? Pour la première fois, dans la continuité des travaux de Noë Richter puis du colloque, en 1984, porté par la Bibliothèque des Amis de l’Instruction du IIIe arrondissement de Paris, cette nouvelle étude scientifique rend compte de ce corpus méconnu des bibliothèques. À la fois analyse historique approfondie et investigations sociologiques sur les publics, à partir de l’examen des archives de plusieurs établissements français, cet ouvrage explore la naissance et le développement des bibliothèques dites populaires en Belgique et en Grande-Bretagne et présente une déclinaison de ce type d’établissement dans l’Argentine d’aujourd’hui. À l’heure des interrogations sur l’évolution du modèle des bibliothèques publiques, des questionnements sur leur rôle social, cet ouvrage, dirigé par Agnès Sandras, historienne et conservatrice des bibliothèques à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, rassemble les contributions d’auteurs de tous horizons (historiens, sociologues, personnels scientifiques des bibliothèques, doctorants et chercheurs confirmés…), en posant les jalons d’une recherche sur la généalogie de la lecture publique contemporaine

Dynamiques spatio-temporelles individuelles chez une sous-population migratrice partielle d’une espèce limicole pionnière, l’avocette élégante (Recurvirostra avosetta)

The description of the wintering- and breeding-ground-selection patterns and the study of the associated determinants and consequences at the individual scale are crucial to understand and predict individuals’ distribution and demographic trends at the population scale. These issues are of major importance for Shorebirds, like the Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), which typically use coastal wetlands that are threatened by global changes. The main analyses from the present document are based on individual encounter histories (2099 Avocets ringed between 2006 and 2015 among 5 of the major breeding sites from the French Atlantic littoral). The results show that natal conditions (site and date) influence the wintering behaviour adopted during the first winter (overwintering in the natal site, in a neighbouring French site, or in a foreign quarter through migration). Birds are particularly faithful to this behaviour in subsequent winters. Furthermore, ringed birds are strongly faithful to their natal site over breeding seasons. This philopatry is likely influenced by the management actions carried out in the nesting habitats of the natal sites, of which the effectiveness was additionally demonstrated. Finally, the interannual survival is relatively high from the first winter and independent of the wintering behaviour and breeding site. Overall, the results contribute to understand the dynamics of the subpopulation studied and to elaborate a management framework for the conservation of the Pied avocet and species with similar ecological requirements.La description de la sélection des sites d’hivernage et de reproduction, ainsi que l’étude des déterminants et conséquences associés à l’échelle individuelle sont cruciales afin de comprendre et prédire les tendances démographiques populationnelles. Ces problématiques sont d’autant plus importantes chez les espèces limicoles, telle que l’Avocette élégante (Recurvirostra avosetta), inféodées aux zones humides littorales qui sont particulièrement menacées par les changements globaux. Les principales analyses présentées dans ce document se basent sur des histoires de captures individuelles (2099 Avocettes baguées parmi 5 sites natals majeurs du littoral Atlantique français entre 2006 et 2015). Le comportement adopté lors du premier hiver (hivernage au sein du site natal, d’un autre site du littoral Atlantique français ou d’un quartier plus lointain par migration) est influencé par certaines caractéristiques liées à l’éclosion (site et date). Ce comportement est par la suite particulièrement bien conservé sur le long terme. En période de reproduction, les oiseaux étudiés sont considérablement fidèles à leur site natal à travers les années, probablement en réponse à certaines actions de gestion des habitats de nidification dont l’efficacité a été démontrée en parallèle. Enfin, à partir du premier hiver, la survie interannuelle est relativement importante et indépendante du comportement hivernal et du site de reproduction. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus contribue alors à la compréhension de la dynamique de la sous-population étudiée et aux réflexions nécessaires à l’élaboration de plans de conservation pour l’espèce et celles présentant des exigences écologiques similaires

Individual spatio-temporal dynamics in a partially migrant subpopulation of a pioneer species, the Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)

La description de la sélection des sites d’hivernage et de reproduction, ainsi que l’étude des déterminants et conséquences associés à l’échelle individuelle sont cruciales afin de comprendre et prédire les tendances démographiques populationnelles. Ces problématiques sont d’autant plus importantes chez les espèces limicoles, telle que l’Avocette élégante (Recurvirostra avosetta), inféodées aux zones humides littorales qui sont particulièrement menacées par les changements globaux. Les principales analyses présentées dans ce document se basent sur des histoires de captures individuelles (2099 Avocettes baguées parmi 5 sites natals majeurs du littoral Atlantique français entre 2006 et 2015). Le comportement adopté lors du premier hiver (hivernage au sein du site natal, d’un autre site du littoral Atlantique français ou d’un quartier plus lointain par migration) est influencé par certaines caractéristiques liées à l’éclosion (site et date). Ce comportement est par la suite particulièrement bien conservé sur le long terme. En période de reproduction, les oiseaux étudiés sont considérablement fidèles à leur site natal à travers les années, probablement en réponse à certaines actions de gestion des habitats de nidification dont l’efficacité a été démontrée en parallèle. Enfin, à partir du premier hiver, la survie interannuelle est relativement importante et indépendante du comportement hivernal et du site de reproduction. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus contribue alors à la compréhension de la dynamique de la sous-population étudiée et aux réflexions nécessaires à l’élaboration de plans de conservation pour l’espèce et celles présentant des exigences écologiques similaires.The description of the wintering- and breeding-ground-selection patterns and the study of the associated determinants and consequences at the individual scale are crucial to understand and predict individuals’ distribution and demographic trends at the population scale. These issues are of major importance for Shorebirds, like the Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), which typically use coastal wetlands that are threatened by global changes. The main analyses from the present document are based on individual encounter histories (2099 Avocets ringed between 2006 and 2015 among 5 of the major breeding sites from the French Atlantic littoral). The results show that natal conditions (site and date) influence the wintering behaviour adopted during the first winter (overwintering in the natal site, in a neighbouring French site, or in a foreign quarter through migration). Birds are particularly faithful to this behaviour in subsequent winters. Furthermore, ringed birds are strongly faithful to their natal site over breeding seasons. This philopatry is likely influenced by the management actions carried out in the nesting habitats of the natal sites, of which the effectiveness was additionally demonstrated. Finally, the interannual survival is relatively high from the first winter and independent of the wintering behaviour and breeding site. Overall, the results contribute to understand the dynamics of the subpopulation studied and to elaborate a management framework for the conservation of the Pied avocet and species with similar ecological requirements

dataset for five-minute mating test

The dataset was created in excel. All variables included in this dataset are described in details in the associated manuscript. For binary variables, 0 indicates absence and 1 presence. "Decr" and "cont" refer to decreased and control broods respectively. missing values are indicated by "na"

Male black redstarts, Phoenicurus ochruros, react more aggressively to songs of local versus foreign micro-dialects

International audienceVocal dialects have been described in several taxa such as humans, cetaceans, bats and birds. They are characterized by geographic variation in vocal signals and can range from several hundred kilometres to less than two kilometres (micro-dialects). Most studies reported stronger responses by both males and females to local compared to foreign songs but up to date species with micro-dialects remain poorly studied. We studied a migratory population of a territorial songbird, the black redstart, in a French mountain village. Only males sing and they defend territories around farms and houses. The patchy distribution of the buildings leads to small neighbourhoods (2-8 males), with important song sharing between neighbours but low song sharing between different building patches (micro-dialects). We broadcast during the 2021 and 2022 breeding seasons (April-May) two non-familiar vocal stimuli: a song of the local micro-dialect and a song of a foreign micro-dialect. We hypothesized that birds’ territorial responses will be stronger towards the songs of the local micro-dialect. In line with our prediction males (n=26) spent more time near the loudspeaker and performed less flights over the speaker for the local song treatment.These results suggest that male black redstarts discriminate between local and foreign micro-dialects, consistently with the existing literature on species with broader dialects. Further studies are needed to understand the function of the micro-dialects in the black redstart and more broadly in songbirds

Male black redstarts, Phoenicurus ochruros, react more aggressively to songs of local versus foreign micro-dialects

International audienceVocal dialects have been described in several taxa such as humans, cetaceans, bats and birds. They are characterized by geographic variation in vocal signals and can range from several hundred kilometres to less than two kilometres (micro-dialects). Most studies reported stronger responses by both males and females to local compared to foreign songs but up to date species with micro-dialects remain poorly studied. We studied a migratory population of a territorial songbird, the black redstart, in a French mountain village. Only males sing and they defend territories around farms and houses. The patchy distribution of the buildings leads to small neighbourhoods (2-8 males), with important song sharing between neighbours but low song sharing between different building patches (micro-dialects). We broadcast during the 2021 and 2022 breeding seasons (April-May) two non-familiar vocal stimuli: a song of the local micro-dialect and a song of a foreign micro-dialect. We hypothesized that birds’ territorial responses will be stronger towards the songs of the local micro-dialect. In line with our prediction males (n=26) spent more time near the loudspeaker and performed less flights over the speaker for the local song treatment.These results suggest that male black redstarts discriminate between local and foreign micro-dialects, consistently with the existing literature on species with broader dialects. Further studies are needed to understand the function of the micro-dialects in the black redstart and more broadly in songbirds

Foreign-local microdialect discrimination in a songbird, the black redstart

International audienc