83 research outputs found

    Attachement narratif, fonction réflexive et régulation émotionnelle chez des femmes déprimées

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    La thĂ©orie de l’attachement et ses diffĂ©rents dĂ©veloppements dans le domaine de l’attachement adulte proposent un paradigme novateur pour Ă©tudier les processus mentaux sous-jacents aux reprĂ©sentations d’attachement Ă  travers les formes d’énonciation du rĂ©cit et la mise en forme des expĂ©riences subjectives. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de rechercher des profils particuliers du discours des personnes dĂ©primĂ©es Ă  travers une procĂ©dure d’analyse des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s, inspirĂ©e du paradigme de l’attachement (Edicode). Vingt-trois femmes dĂ©primĂ©es et 20 femmes consultant dans le cadre d’un suivi de prĂ©vention liĂ© Ă  un antĂ©cĂ©dent de mĂ©lanome ont participĂ© Ă  un entretien clinique semi-structurĂ© qui a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©, retranscrit puis analysĂ© selon la mĂ©thode d’évaluation Edicode en double cotation. Les donnĂ©es des deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© ensuite comparĂ©es Ă  un groupe tĂ©moin de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les sujets dĂ©primĂ©s ont une chute du facteur adĂ©quation qui renvoie dans l’Edicode Ă  la prĂ©occupation d’attachement. Nous observons Ă©galement une baisse des dimensions rĂ©flexivitĂ© et cohĂ©rence pour les deux groupes dĂ©primĂ© et somatique en rĂ©fĂ©rence au groupe tĂ©moin. Nous discutons des liens entre prĂ©occupation d’attachement chez les sujets dĂ©primĂ©s et difficultĂ©s Ă  traiter les informations cognitives et Ă©motionnelles en rapport avec les expĂ©riences relationnelles prĂ©sentes et passĂ©es. Par ailleurs, les difficultĂ©s de rĂ©gulation Ă©motionnelle et de mentalisation retrouvĂ©es dans les deux groupes dĂ©primĂ© et somatique par comparaison au groupe tĂ©moin, semblent renvoyer de maniĂšre plus gĂ©nĂ©rale, aux diffĂ©rentes incertitudes et anxiĂ©tĂ©s qui entourent l’état de maladie et son Ă©volution, ce qui nous amĂšne Ă  considĂ©rer plus spĂ©cifiquement le vĂ©cu psychologique actuel du sujet dans son rapport Ă  la maladie et Ă  sa gestion ainsi que les aspects de l’alliance thĂ©rapeutique en milieu mĂ©dical

    SantĂ© psychique chez les Ă©tudiants de premiĂšre annĂ©e d’école supĂ©rieure de commerce: liens avec le stress de l’orientation professionnelle, l’estime de soi et le coping

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    Cette Ă©tude a pour objectif d’évaluer la santĂ© psychique des Ă©tudiants inscrits en premiĂšre annĂ©e d’école supĂ©rieure de commerce et ses liens avec le stress de l’orientation scolaire et/ou professionnelle, l’estime de soi et les stratĂ©gies de coping. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies auprĂšs de 90 étudiants de premiĂšre annĂ©e de l’école supĂ©rieure de commerce de Dijon. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que 60% de ces Ă©tudiants prĂ©sentent des seuils significatifs de dĂ©tresse psychologique et dĂ©veloppent un stress de l’orientation scolaire et/ou professionnelle plus important, une estime de soi plus faible et des stratĂ©gies de coping centrĂ©es principalement sur le retrait.The aim of this study is to assess the psychological well-being of first year business school students and its links to the stress generated from choosing a professional orientation, self-esteem and coping. The data was collected from 90 first year students at the Burgundy School of Business. The study shows that 60% of the evaluated students indeed reveal significant psychological distress levels and develop higher stress levels as regards their school and/or professional orientation, a lower self-esteem and a behavioural disengagement

    Attachement, alliance et observance thérapeutiques dans les dermatoses chroniques.

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    Multiple Sclerosis Decreases Explicit Counterfactual Processing and Risk Taking in Decision Making

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    Deficits in decision making (DM) are commonly associated with prefrontal cortical damage, but may occur with multiple sclerosis (MS). There are no data concerning the impact of MS on tasks evaluating DM under explicit risk, where different emotional and cognitive components can be distinguished.Methods: We assessed 72 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients with mild to moderate disease and 38 healthy controls in two DM tasks involving risk with explicit rules: (1) The Wheel of Fortune (WOF), which probes the anticipated affects of decisions outcomes on future choices; and (2) The Cambridge Gamble Task (CGT) which measures risk taking. Participants also underwent a neuropsychological and emotional assessment, and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded.Results: In the WOF, RRMS patients showed deficits in integrating positive counterfactual information (p <0.005) and greater risk aversion (p <0.001). They reported less negative affect than controls (disappointment: p = 0.007; regret: p = 0.01), although their implicit emotional reactions as measured by post-choice SCRs did not differ. In the CGT, RRMS patients differed from controls in quality of DM (p = 0.01) and deliberation time (p = 0.0002), the latter difference being correlated with attention scores. Such changes did not result in overall decreases in performance (total gains).Conclusions: The quality of DM under risk was modified by MS in both tasks. The reduction in the expression of disappointment coexisted with an increased risk aversion in the WOF and alexithymia features. These concomitant emotional alterations may have implications for better understanding the components of explicit DM and for the clinical support of MS patients

    Language and alexithymia: Evidence for the role of the inferior frontal gyrus in acquired alexithymia

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    The clinical relevance of alexithymia, a condition associated with difficulties identifying and describing one’s own emotion, is becoming ever more apparent. Increased rates of alexithymia are observed in multiple psychiatric conditions, and also in neurological conditions resulting from both organic and traumatic brain injury. The presence of alexithymia in these conditions predicts poorer regulation of one’s emotions, decreased treatment response, and increased burden on carers. While clinically important, the aetiology of alexithymia is still a matter of debate, with several authors arguing for multiple ‘routes’ to impaired understanding of one’s own emotions, which may or may not result in distinct subtypes of alexithymia. While previous studies support the role of impaired interoception (perceiving bodily states) in the development of alexithymia, the current study assessed whether acquired language impairment following traumatic brain injury, and damage to language regions, may also be associated with an increased risk of alexithymia. Within a sample of 129 participants with penetrating brain injury and 33 healthy controls, neuropsychological testing revealed that deficits in a non-emotional language task, object naming, were associated with alexithymia, specifically with difficulty identifying one’s own emotions. Both region-of-interest and whole-brain lesion analyses revealed that damage to language regions in the inferior frontal gyrus was associated with the presence of both this language impairment and alexithymia. These results are consistent with a framework for acquired alexithymia that incorporates both interoceptive and language processes, and support the idea that brain injury may result in alexithymia via impairment in any one of a number of more basic processes

    HarcĂšlement sexuel et traumatisme psychique : aspects cliniques et psychopathologiques

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    International audienceThis paper aims to describe the psycho-traumatic consequences of sexual harassment in the workplace, a domain little explored by clinicians, and posits that this lack of clinical recognition reinforces the invisible, insidious aspects of the trauma caused,thereby highlighting the ways in which its victims experience the ensuing stigma. Particular attention will be paid to what remains silent and unspoken for the female victims of such harassment,and how such silence plays a key role in the stigmatisation process which follows, intimately bound with the deeply rooted feelings of shame and guilt which are so destructive from a psychological point of view. Clinical observation shows that traumatic sexual harassment is clearly a process which destroys the individual and its effects may be compared with those engendered by intentional and relational forms of trauma. It is thus essential that the clinician recognise the specific traumatic processes at work here so that the female victims concerned find ways of transforming the vision they have of themselves and thereby deconstruct the effects of the intentional trauma suffered. Changes and improvements resulting from therapy are dependent on the clinician adopting a fresh and well-intentioned stance as a means of allowing the subject to reposition herself within the inter-subjective bond and thereby rebuild a sense of self with regard to otherness which heals their wounded identity.Cet article a pour objectif de dĂ©crire les sĂ©quelles psychotraumatiques du harcĂšlement sexuel au travail, qui sont assez peu dĂ©veloppĂ©es par les cliniciens. Nous faisons l’hypothĂšse que ce manque de reconnaissance clinique peut venir renforcer les aspects invisibles et insidieux du traumatisme et accentuer le vĂ©cu de stigmatisation des victimes. Nous insistons en particulier sur les dimensions de non-dit et de silence des femmes victimes, ce qui participe Ă  un processus de stigmatisation en lien avec l’existence d’affects profonds de honte et de culpabilitĂ© particuliĂšrement destructeurs sur le plan psychique. Nous montrons Ă  travers le suivi d’une observation clinique que le harcĂšlement sexuel traumatique peut ĂȘtre dĂ©crit comme un vĂ©ritable processus de destruction de la personne, qui s’apparente aux effets des traumatismes intentionnels et relationnels. Nous insistons en conclusion sur la nĂ©cessitĂ© pour le clinicien de reconnaitre ces processus traumatiques spĂ©cifiques afin de permettre aux femmes victimes de modifier la vision qu’elles ont d’elles mĂȘmes et de dĂ©construire les effets du traumatisme intentionnel. Le changement et l’amĂ©lioration thĂ©rapeutique impliquent un regard nouveau et bienveillant du clinicien pour amener ces sujets Ă  se rĂ©inscrire dans un lien intersubjectif et Ă  se reconstruire dans l’altĂ©ritĂ© afin de panser les blessures identitaires
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