Statistical models for data on recreational fishing

Recreational fishing is a globally significant activity, often involving angling but also encompassing various other methods in both marine and freshwater environments. While it provides notable health benefits, economic contributions, and conservation support, it can also exert substantial pressures on fish populations and ecosystems. To effectively manage and sustain this activity, it is crucial to quantify the scale, benefits, and impacts of recreational fishing. Traditional methods for monitoring, such as onsite surveys and recall surveys, face challenges in terms of cost, time, and data reliability, especially in accounting for the growing sector of angling tourism. Recent advancements in technology have introduced alternative data collection methods, particularly through smartphone applications. These apps, like Fishbrain, allow anglers to record their catches, offering a vast and continuous stream of data that could significantly enhance recreational fisheries management. However, to harness these data effectively, it is essential to develop robust statistical models to understand their strengths and limitations. This thesis aims to advance the understanding and management of recreational fishing through the development and application of statistical models using data from traditional face-to-face surveys and app-based records. Chapter 2 focuses on modelling marine recreational fishing data from a 2012-2013 UK survey, employing zero-inflated Poisson models with shrinkage methods to identify key predictors for catch rates. This chapter introduces a grid-based search algorithm for determining shrinkage penalties, and considers data on a number of key UK species. Chapter 3 considers Fishbrain data from 2018 to 2021 to study the spatiotemporal patterns of recorded catches for four key marine species in the UK and Ireland. This analysis uses integrated Laplace approximation methods to develop models that provide a framework for visualising large-scale catch data, comparing different error structures, and producing predictive maps for each species. Chapter 4 extends the analysis to a global scale, examining angling tourism patterns using Fishbrain data. This chapter utilises network models and clustering methods to analyse over 100,000 catches, focusing on international travel and its changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It identifies communities of countries with strong angling connections and explores the implications of these patterns for fisheries management. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the broader implications of the research and suggests future directions. The findings underscore the potential of app-based data to complement traditional survey methods, offering a rich resource for sustainable recreational fisheries management. This work contributes to the evidence base needed for informed marine policy and highlights the importance of integrating diverse data sources to support productive and sustainable fisheries

GENDER, ENVIRONMENT AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEWPOINT FROM INDIA

Summary Using a case study from India, this article examines the limitations of populist ecofeminist thought. The case study shows that both men and women assume interchangeable roles as destroyers and conservers of the environment, depending on both the material relationship they have with their natural resources and the social context within which they operate. Secure livelihood opportunities and usufruct rights, and the existence of enabling institutional mechanisms are of considerable importance for people to have a stake in conserving their natural resources. The article further shows that if environment?focused development programmes are to be sustainable, it is necessary to develop a consultative process with both men and women, so that the concerns and needs of all social groups within a community are addressed. In the case of common property resources, the role of inter?village dialogues, which take into account the complex gender and social relations within and among the village communities, are of critical importance. RESUME Le genre, l'environnement, et la sécurité des moyens de vie: un point de vue alternatif en lnde Par le biais d'une étude de cas en Inde, l'article examine les limites de la pensée populiste de l'éco?féminisme. L'étude de cas démontre que les hommes comme les femmes assument des rôles interchangeables de destructeurs et de conservateurs de l'environnement, en fonction à la fois des rapports matériels qu'ils entretiennent avec les ressources naturelles et aussi, du contexte social au sein duquel ils opèrent. Les opportunités d'assurer les moyens de vie et les droits d'usufruit, et l'existence de mécanismes institutionnels qui facilitent ces opportunités sont d'une importance considérable si l'on veut que les membres de telles populations puissent participer activement à la préservation de leurs ressources naturelles. L'article démontre en outre que si les programmes de développement axés sur l'environnement veulent être permanents, il est nécessaire de développer un processus de consultation auprès des hommes et des femmes, de sorte que l'on puisse s'adresser aux inquiétudes et aux besoins de tous les groupes sociaux dans telle ou telle communauté. Dans le cas des ressources en copropriété, le rôle des dialogues inter?villageois sont d'une importante cruciale, dans la mesure où ces dialogues tiennent compte des relations complexes qui existent au niveau social et au niveau du genre au sein de ces communautés villageoises, et entre elles. RESUMEN Género, medio ambiente y seguridad de subsistencia: un punto de vista alternativo de la India Basándose en un caso de la India, este artículo examina las limitaciones del pensamiento populista ecofemenino. El estudio de este caso demuestra que tanto hombres como mujeres asumen roles intercambiables como destructores y conservadores del medio ambiente, dependiendo de su relación material con los recursos naturales, y del contexto social en el que operan. Las oportunidades de subsistencia y los derechos de usufructo, así como la existencia de mecanismos internacionales tienen una importancia considerable para asegurar la participación del pueblo a la hora de conservar recursos naturales. El artículo demuestra, además, que para alcanzar programas de desarrollo sostenibles ? enfocados hacia el medio ambiente ? es necesario poner en marcha un proceso de consulta con hombres y mujeres de tal forma que se discutan las preocupaciones y necesidades de todos los grupos sociales dentro de una comunidad. En el caso de propiedad común, el rol del diálogo entre comunidades cobra una importancia crucial, porque toma en consideración las complejas relaciones sociales y de género dentro de éstas, y en su contacto con otras similares

Relationship between health-related quality of life and respiratory health status among coal-based sponge iron plant workers in Barjora, India

Background: Many coal-based sponge iron plant workers have poor health-related quality of life in general, and specifically a poor respiratory health status. However, the relationship between their health-related quality of life and respiratory health status is unknown. Aim: This study investigated the relationship between health related quality of life, measured using the EuroQol- 5D (EQ5D), and respiratory health status, measured using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), among coal-based sponge iron plant workers in Barjora, India. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among coalbased sponge iron plant workers in Barjora, and complete data were available on 252 participants. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were reported to show the strength of relationship between health-related quality of life and respiratory health status. Results and conclusion: Significant correlations were found between all EQ5D dimensions/visual analogue scale (VAS) and all SGRQ scores except between EQ5D-VAS and SGRQ-activity. A range of correlations was found. They were moderate between EQ5D-anxiety/depression and SGRQ-symptom, EQ5D-VAS and SGRQ-symptom, and EQ5D-anxiety/depression and SGRQ-total, but weak between all the other factors

Investment-induced displacement in central India. A study in extractive capitalism

India’s abundant natural resources are a key feature of its new found status as ‘emerging market’ that attracts foreign investments. As India’s output of these metals and their ores increases, investments pour into India to secure deals over mineral deposits and manufacturing plants. Apart from direct funding for new projects, the new investments pay for a large increase in deployment of security forces, multi-layered ‘briberization’, and ‘protection money’ funding Maoist outfits, in yet another unending war which is fundamentally a resource war around mineral and metal production – primarily steel and aluminum as well as coal and water. In this paper, we examine the mining operations in Central India where Vedanta Resources, a corporation that has become symbolic of neoliberal capitalism in India today, elicits huge new foreign investments to exploit India’s resources under the logic of emerging markets. If a quarter of postcolonial India’s Scheduled Tribe population was displaced by ‘development’ projects, this time it is foreign investments that are causing large scale displacement of indigenous populations

Roles of Dicer-Like Proteins 2 and 4 in Intra- and Intercellular Antiviral Silencing

RNA silencing is an innate antiviral mechanism conserved in organisms across kingdoms. Such cellular defense involves DICER or DICER-LIKEs (DCLs) that process viral RNAs into small interfering (vsi)RNAs. Plants encode four DCLs which play diverse roles in cell-autonomous virus-induced RNA silencing (known as VIGS) against viral invasion. However, intracellular VIGS can spread between cells, and the genetic basis and involvement of vsiRNAs in non-cell autonomous VIGS remains poorly understood. Here using GFP as a reporter gene together with a suite of DCL RNAi transgenic lines, we show that in addition to well-established activities of DCLs in intracellular VIGS and vsiRNA biogenesis, DCL4 inhibits intercellular VIGS whilst DCL2 is required, likely along with DCL2-processed/dependent vsiRNAs and their precursor RNAs, for efficient VIGS trafficking from epidermal to adjacent cells. DCL4 imposed an epistatic effect on DCL2 to impede cell-to-cell spread of VIGS. Our results demonstrate previously unknown functions for DCL2 and DCL4 which may form a dual defensive frontier for intra- and intercellular silencing to double-protect cells from virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana

Doing ESRC Data Better: Appendices

Appendix 1 Survey responses: tables showing frequency of responses to each of the statements Appendix 2 Survey respondent characteristics Appendix 3 Survey questions Appendix 4 Focus group guiding questions and topic guide

Doing ESRC Data Better: Appendices

Appendix 1 Survey responses: tables showing frequency of responses to each of the statements Appendix 2 Survey respondent characteristics Appendix 3 Survey questions Appendix 4 Focus group guiding questions and topic guide

Brokering innovation to better leverage R&D investment

What is the contribution of innovation brokers in leveraging research and development (R&D) investment to enhance industry-wide capabilities? The case of the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation (CRC CI) is considered in the context of motivating supply chain firms to improve their organizational capabilities in order to acquire, assimilate, transfer and exploit R&D outcomes to their advantage, and to create broader industry and national benefits. A previous audit and analysis has shown an increase in business R&D investment since 2001. The role of the CRC CI in contributing to growth in the absorptive capacity of the Australian construction industry as a whole is illustrated through two programmes: digital modelling/building information modelling (BIM) and construction site safety. Numerous positive outcomes in productivity, quality, improved safety and competitiveness were achieved between 2001 and 2009

Plant profit maximisation improves predictions of European forest responses to drought

- Knowledge of how water stress impacts the carbon and water cycles is a key uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models. - We tested a new profit maximisation model, where photosynthetic uptake of CO2 is optimally traded against plant hydraulic function, as an alternative to the empirical functions commonly used in models to regulate gas exchange during periods of water stress. We conducted a multi-site evaluation of this model at the ecosystem scale, before and during major droughts in Europe. Additionally, we asked whether the maximum hydraulic conductance in the soil-plant continuum

Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats analysis of carbon footprint indicator and derived recommendations

ABSTRACT: Demand for a low carbon footprint may be a key factor in stimulating innovation, while prompting politicians to promote sustainable consumption. However, the variety of methodological approaches and techniques used to quantify life-cycle emissions prevents their successful and widespread implementation. This study aims to offer recommendations for researchers, policymakers and practitioners seeking to achieve a more consistent approach for carbon footprint analysis. This assessment is made on the basis of a comprehensive Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats or SWOT Analysis of the carbon footprint indicator. It is carried out bringing together the collective experience from the Carbonfeel Project following the Delphi technique principles. The results include the detailed SWOT Analysis from which specific recommendations to cope with the threats and the weaknesses are identified. In particular, results highlight the importance of the integrated approach to combine organizational and product carbon footprinting in order to achieve a more standardized and consistent approach. These recommendations can therefore serve to pave the way for the development of new, specific and highly-detailed guidelines