22 research outputs found

    The bleaching efficacy of carbamide peroxide gels containing potassium nitrate desensitizer

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    To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of at-home carbamide peroxide (CP) gels in two concentrations, containing or not a desensitizing agent. Forty incisors were divided into four groups (n=10), according to gel concentrations (10% or 22%), and presence or not of 3% potassium nitrate in the gel. A thin layer of gel was applied to the buccal surface of each tooth for 2h/day for 4 weeks. Bleaching efficacy was measured using a spectrophotometer, and ?E*ab, ?E00 and ?WID were calculated. Measurements were performed at baseline, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days following the first gel application. Data were analyzed by two-way RM-ANOVA and Tukey?s test (?=0.05). Regarding gel concentration or potassium nitrate inclusion, both gels resulted in color change above the perceptibility thresholds, which were similar between gels. Regarding time, significant differences were observed between color change values at 7 days and other time periods. ?WID ranged from 3.8 to 9.6. Significant moderate to strong positive correlation was observed among the parameters. Nor the CP concentration, neither the inclusion of potassium nitrate in the gel, had influence on bleaching efficacy. All gels were effective and showed good results from the first weeks? application

    Plano de NegĂłcios: CAFETERIA&CERVEJARIA UM GOLE A MAIS

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    Anthropometric nutritional status and association with blood pressure in children and adolescents : a population-based study

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    Objetivos: Avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças e de adolescentes por meio de indicadores antropomĂ©tricos e avaliar a associação desses resultados com a pressĂŁo arterial. MĂ©todos: Foram incluĂ­dos neste estudo crianças e adolescentes entre quatro e 19 anos de idade, oriundos de escolas rurais e urbanas de um municĂ­pio do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram excluĂ­dos aqueles que recusaram (ou cujos pais recusaram) participar ou nĂŁo assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, ou nos quais nĂŁo foi possĂ­vel realizar as medidas antropomĂ©tricas ou da pressĂŁo arterial. Foram mensurados peso, estatura, circunferĂȘncia da cintura, pregas cutĂąneas e pressĂŁo arterial, e foi calculado o Ă­ndice de massa corporal. Os dados foram descritos por mĂ©dia, desvio padrĂŁo, amplitude de variação, frequĂȘncias absolutas e relativas. Foi realizada estratificação por sexo, Ă­ndice de massa corporal e obesidade central, para analisar a influĂȘncia destas variĂĄveis sobre as demais. O Qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para avaliar as associaçÔes. O nĂ­vel de significĂąncia foi de p<0,05 Resultados: No perĂ­odo da coleta de dados estavam matriculados nas escolas do municĂ­pio 7.082 crianças e adolescentes dentro da faixa etĂĄria determinada, os quais foram convidados a participar. ApĂłs aplicação dos critĂ©rios de exclusĂŁo, 5.936 crianças/adolescentes foram incluĂ­dos no estudo. A amostra apresentou prevalĂȘncia de excesso de peso de 30,3%, obesidade central 31,1% e excesso de gordura corporal 8,7%. O excesso de peso foi maior em crianças de escolas particulares (44,1%) quando comparadas com escolas estaduais (29,5%) e municipais (29,9%) (p<0,001). Foram encontradas associaçÔes estatisticamente significativas de hipertensĂŁo arterial com sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade central (p<0,001). ConclusĂ”es: A prevalĂȘncia de excesso de peso foi elevada e a hipertensĂŁo arterial associou-se com sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade central nas crianças e adolescentes da população estudada.Aims: To evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents by anthropometric indicators and to evaluate the association of these results with blood pressure. Methods: Children and adolescents between four and 19 years of age from rural and urban schools of a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul were included in this study. Those who refused (or whose parents refused) to participate or did not sign the consent form, or in whom it was not possible to carry out the anthropometric or blood pressure measurements, were excluded. Weight, height, waist circumference, skin folds and blood pressure were measured, and the body mass index was calculated. Data were described by mean, standard deviation, amplitude of variation, absolute and relative frequencies. Stratification by gender, body mass index and central obesity was performed to analyze the influence of these on the other variables. Pearson's Chi-square was used to evaluate the associations. The level of significance was p<0.05. Results: At the time of data collection, 7,082 children and adolescents within the age group were enrolled in the municipal schools, and they were invited to participate. After applying the exclusion criteria, 5,936 children/adolescents were included in the study. The sample presented prevalence of overweight of 30.3%, central obesity 31.1% and excess body fat 8.7%. Overweight was higher in children from private schools (44.1%) than in state schools (29.5%) and municipal schools (29.9%) (p<0.001). There were statistically significant associations of high blood pressure with overweight, obesity, and central obesity (p<0.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight was high and hypertension was associated with overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adolescents of the studied population

    CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UM MODELO DE PARALISIA CEREBRAL EM RATOS: COGNIÇÃO E ESTRUTURA DO HIPOCAMPO E AMÍGDALA

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    Fundamento - A paralisia cerebral (PC) Ă© caracterizada por distĂșrbios do movimento e da postura, que podem estar associados a dĂ©ficits cognitivos. Tais comprometimentos sĂŁo atribuĂ­dos a lesĂ”es nĂŁo pro- gressivas ao encĂ©falo em desenvolvimento. No Ăąmbito experimental, modelos animais dessa condição clĂ­nica capazes de reproduzir o fe- nĂłtipo e as alteraçÔes estruturais vistas em humanos sĂŁo escassos. Objetivo - Investigar as repercussĂ”es da indução de um modelo de PC sobre a função cognitiva e estrutura do hipocampo e amĂ­gdala em ratos Wistar. MĂ©todos - Dois grupos experimentais foram utilizados:Controle - filhotes de ratas injetadas com solução salina durante a gestação (n=8) e 2) Paralisia cerebral - filhotes de ratas injetadas com LipopolissacarĂ­deo (LPS) durante a gestação (n=8), submetidos Ă  anĂłxia perinatal e restrição sensĂłrio-motora durante 30 dias. A memĂłria espacial dos animais foi avaliada pela tarefa de reconhe- cimento da localização de objetos, enquanto o comportamento do tipo ansioso foi verificado pelo teste de labirinto em cruz elevado. ApĂłs a avaliação comportamental, os animais foram eutanasiados e os encĂ©falos dissecados para posterior processamento histolĂłgico. Resultados - O grupo PC presentou dĂ©ficits de memĂłria espacial e uma redução do nĂșmero de neurĂŽnios granulares no giro denteado. Entretanto o comportamento do tipo ansioso e a histologia do nĂșcleo central e complexo basolateral da amĂ­gdala foram semelhantes entre os grupos. ConclusĂŁo - Como observado em parte dos pacientes com PC, este modelo experimental prejudica a memĂłria dependente do hipocampo. Entretanto, a combinação de intervençÔes nĂŁo alterou a ansiedade e estrutura da amĂ­gdala

    Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

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    Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale
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