La facilitación de los procesos de comunicación en la organización. Una contribución desde el desarrollo humano al logro de la satisfacción laboral

La insatisfacción laboral es una realidad a la que se enfrentan los empleados de manera cotidiana en las organizaciones. La relevancia de su estudio se relaciona con las implicaciones que tiene a nivel personal y organizacional. En este trabajo se realizó una aproximación a la experiencia de empleados del ramo tecnológico en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara a través de la entrevista cualitativa para lograr un mayor entendimiento de los asuntos relacionados con la satisfacción e insatisfacción laboral. El análisis de los datos permitió determinar las principales causas que contribuyen a la generación de insatisfacción en el trabajo, entre las que se encuentran una mala comunicación, el tipo de liderazgo que se ejerce en la organización, la ausencia de cohesión al interior de los grupos y una deficiente cultura organizacional. Una vez que se determinó el tema de intervención se abordaron de manera analítica estudios e investigaciones relacionados. Los resultados de este proceso se presentan a manera de estado del arte y se incluyen principios y conceptos claves del desarrollo humano que constituyeron la base para la toma de decisiones durante la fase de intervención. La investigación-acción constituye la parte metodológica utilizada debido a su orientación hacia la resolución de problemas. Asimismo, se detalla el proceso y fases correspondientes a las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados para construir el problema de intervención y producción de conocimiento. La intervención que se realizó consistió en un taller de comunicación que contó con la participación de 12 empleados, hombres y mujeres entre los 23 y 54 años. Cada una de las sesiones fueron videograbadas con previo consentimiento de los participantes para cuestiones relacionadas con la supervisión y el análisis de datos que dio origen a los hallazgos reportados en el capítulo de resultados

In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS study.

BackgroundCalifornia children's exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs) are among the highest worldwide. PBDEs are known endocrine disruptors and neurotoxicants in animals.ObjectiveHere we investigate the relation of in utero and child PBDE exposure to neurobehavioral development among participants in CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas), a California birth cohort.MethodsWe measured PBDEs in maternal prenatal and child serum samples and examined the association of PBDE concentrations with children's attention, motor functioning, and cognition at 5 (n = 310) and 7 years of age (n = 323).ResultsMaternal prenatal PBDE concentrations were associated with impaired attention as measured by a continuous performance task at 5 years and maternal report at 5 and 7 years of age, with poorer fine motor coordination-particularly in the nondominant-at both age points, and with decrements in Verbal and Full-Scale IQ at 7 years. PBDE concentrations in children 7 years of age were significantly or marginally associated with concurrent teacher reports of attention problems and decrements in Processing Speed, Perceptual Reasoning, Verbal Comprehension, and Full-Scale IQ. These associations were not altered by adjustment for birth weight, gestational age, or maternal thyroid hormone levels.ConclusionsBoth prenatal and childhood PBDE exposures were associated with poorer attention, fine motor coordination, and cognition in the CHAMACOS cohort of school-age children. This study, the largest to date, contributes to growing evidence suggesting that PBDEs have adverse impacts on child neurobehavioral development

Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children

Context: Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are neurotoxic at high doses. Few studies have examined whether chronic exposure at lower levels could adversely affect children’s cognitive development

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de hemofilia en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud)

Introduction. Hemophilia is a rare congenital bleeding disorder; which requires interdisciplinary, complex, and often expensive management. The objective of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the evaluation and management of patients with hemophilia in the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). Methods. A local elaboration group (GEG-Local) was established, conformed by specialists in hematology and methodologists. The GEG-Local formulated 8 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. We searched for and selected hemophilia CPGs that answered the questions posed and obtained a score higher than 60% in domains 1 and 3 of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II). During 2016, bibliographic searches were conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library, to update 7 clinical questions of the preselected CPG, and to answer a question de novo. In regular work meetings, the GEG-Local reviewed the evidence and formulated the recommendations and flowcharts using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 32-IETSI-ESSALUD-2016. Results. This CPG addressed 8 clinical questions. Based on these questions, 22 recommendations were formulated (three strong recommendations and 19 weak recommendations) and four flowcharts. Conclusion. This article is the summary of the EsSalud CPG, in which the available scientific evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia was assessed.Introducción. La hemofilia es un trastorno hemorrágico congénito poco común que requiere un manejo interdisciplinario, complejo, y frecuentemente costoso. El objetivo de la presente guía de práctica clínica (GPC) es proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de hemofilia en el seguro social del Perú (EsSalud). Métodos. Se conformó un grupo elaborador local (GEG-Local) conformado por especialistas en hematología y metodólogos. El GEG-Local formuló ocho preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se buscaron y seleccionaron GPC de hemofilia que respondieran a las preguntas planteadas y obtuvieran un puntaje mayor a 60% en los dominios uno y tres del instrumento Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II). Durante el 2016 se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas en Pubmed, EMBASE y biblioteca Cochrane, para actualizar siete preguntas clínicas de la GPC preseleccionada, y para responder una pregunta de novo. En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEGLocal revisó la evidencia y formuló las recomendaciones y flujogramas usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 32-IETSI-ESSALUD-2016. Resultados. La presente GPC abordó ocho preguntas clínicas. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 22 recomendaciones (tres recomendaciones fuertes y 19 recomendaciones condicionales) y cuatro flujogramas. Conclusión. Este artículo es el resumen de la GPC de EsSalud, en la cual se valoró la evidencia científica disponible sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de hemofilia

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

College Involvement and Leadership Development in Higher Education: The Role of Race/ethnicity, Sex, and Mentoring Relationships

97 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009.The objective of this study was to investigate effects of college experiences (activities and mentoring relationships) on leadership development according to the Social Change Model of Leadership Development (SCM). Specifically, comparisons across race/ethnicity and gender assessed how different college experiences contribute to development of socially responsible leadership for underrepresented students. Data were collected from a random sample of 2192 undergraduates from the University of Illinois and Syracuse University as part of the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership. Participants completed an online survey that included the Socially Responsible Leadership Scale-Revised 2 as well as measures for college activities (i.e., employment, community service, student organizations, leadership training, leadership positions on campus and off-campus) and mentoring relationships (i.e., faculty, student affairs staff, other students, employers and community members) Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that after controlling for high school experiences, community service and holding campus leadership positions were two college activities that significantly contributed to development across each value of SCM (i.e., Consciousness of Self, Congruence, Commitment, Collaboration, Common Purpose, Controversy with Civility, Citizenship). Mentoring relationships with faculty consistently had a unique and independent effect on leadership development across ail values of SCM, even after controlling for student characteristics, high school experiences and college activities. Gender gaps in socially responsible leadership were explained by variations in college experiences, but ethnic/racial differences were not explained by the model. Implications for practice are discussed.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Usos, creencias y apropiaciones del e-mail en la Escuela de Comunicación Social

El e-mail, no es simplemente un nuevo medio, sino que genera un modo nuevo de comunicación, con sus propios códigos y maneras de apropiación. Éste, se retroalimenta de sus predecesores (fax, teléfono, correo convencional): llega con la inmediatez de una llamada telefónica, y reproduce la información como un fax; además tiene ventajas sobre sus precursores, su costo inferior, puede utilizarse a cualquier hora del día, en cualquier momento, más allá que el destinatario se encuentre conectado o no. Las universidades, de un tiempo a esta parte, han sumado la opción de que tanto su cuerpo docente como estudiantil tengan acceso a la red de redes, lo cual a su vez implica la posibilidad de la comunicación vía e-mail. Ante esto nos preguntamos: ¿Qué usos hacen los docentes de su casilla de correo institucional y cómo la utilizan en relación con los alumnos? A partir de los interrogantes mencionados, nos interesamos en comprender de qué manera se articulan, dentro de la Escuela de Comunicación Social, el e-mail con el uso y apropiación que de él hace el cuerpo docente3 . De ahí, que nuestra atención se centró en cómo este cambio interviene en la relación y comunicación del docente y el alumno, especialmente en las consultas. Muchas veces, éstas se ven interferidas por paros, asuetos o ausencia de los profesores, o hasta la imposibilidad de parte del alumno de asistir en el horario de la consulta

Collective action in informal settlements for the transformation of habitat

En el texto que presentamos a continuación se aportan algunos apuntes sobre la acción colectiva como mecanismo de participación ciudadana que permite protagonizar actuaciones concretas sobre el espacio. Los actores afectados definen objetivos y modos de actuación, crean redes para organizarse y alcanzar el fin de la actuación. El desarrollo endógeno busca satisfacer las necesidades del grupo social mediante la movilización y participación de la comunidad en un espacio determinado, apegado a esta teoría como política de estado que transformar el hábitat de los asentamientos [email protected]@ula.vesemestralIn the text below provides some notes on the collective action as a mechanism which allows citizen participation starring in specific actions on the space. Affected actors defined objectives and modes of action, create networks to organize and the end performance. Endogenous development seeks to meet the needs of the social group through the mobilization and community participation in a determined, attached to this theory as State policy space transform the Habitat of informal settlements

Acceptability of health information technology aimed at environmental health education in a prenatal clinic

ObjectiveTo describe the acceptability of an interactive computer kiosk that provides environmental health education to low-income Latina prenatal patients.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used to assess the acceptability of the Prenatal Environmental Health Kiosk pregnant Latina women in Salinas, CA (n=152). The kiosk is a low literacy, interactive touch-screen computer program with an audio component and includes graphics and an interactive game.ResultsThe majority had never used a kiosk before. Over 90% of women reported that they learned something new while using the kiosk. Prior to using the kiosk, 22% of women reported their preference of receiving health education from a kiosk over a pamphlet or video compared with 57% after using the kiosk (p<0.01). Qualitative data revealed: (1) benefit of exposure to computer use; (2) reinforcing strategy of health education; and (3) popularity of the interactive game.ConclusionThe Prenatal Environmental Health Kiosk is an innovative patient health education modality that was shown to be acceptable among a population of low-income Latino pregnant women in a prenatal care clinic.Practice implicationsThis pilot study demonstrated that a health education kiosk was an acceptable strategy for providing Latina prenatal patients with information on pertinent environmental exposures