Des apparences parfois trompeuses : la tombe SP4041 de la place E. Wernert à Lyon (Rhône)

International audienceLa fouille de la place E. Wernert à Lyon a permis la poursuite de la mise au jour d’une vaste nécropole, en partie fouillée en 1980 par J.-F. Reynaud (Reynaud 1980), dont l’occupation est comprise entre le IVe s. et le VIe s. Elle comprend 817 individus, dont 799 en position primaire. Les sépultures, en contenants périssables (coffrages en bois, monoxyles, cercueils cloués…), ou installées dans des sarcophages, comportent peu de mobilier et seules seize d’entre-elles sont associées à des dépôts. La sépulture SP4041 est celle d’une femme âgée de plus de 40 ans, installée dans un cercueil cloué, lui-même disposé dans un sarcophage en calcaire. Cette tombe a livré plusieurs objets déposés ou portés, dont la datation n’est pas homogène. Le mobilier de la sépulture SP4041 se compose de fragments de plaques en fer non déterminables, d’une fibule, d’une clef-bague à translation en alliage cuivreux, d’une monnaie et d’un balsamaire en verre. L’attribution chronologique des artefacts de la sépulture SP4041 n’est pas homogène et s’intègre dans une large fourchette allant du Ier s. av. J.-C. au Ve s. ap. J.-C., fourchette revue à la lumière d’une datation radiocarbone. Par ailleurs, l’architecture de la sépulture est assez complexe et pose question, notamment sur l’écart possible entre la fabrication du sarcophage et son utilisation pour disposer le sujet dans son cercueil cloué.Cet exemple particulier, tant sur le plan de la typologie que sur celui du mobilier associé, démontre l’importance du travail pluridisciplinaire afin de confronter les résultats entre chaque discipline et d’établir des protocoles d’études communs

Lyon 5e, Rhône, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. 1 place Eugène Wernert.

Collaboration au rapport archéologique de l'Inrap et aux travaux dirigés par E. Ferber (Inrap). 7 volumes

Biodechlord search for evidence for microbial degradation of chlordecone in French West Indies contaminated soils

Session 5 - Milieux impactés / Impacted mediaObjectives: Chlordecone was intensively used in the French West Indies (FWI) to control the banana weewil. Recent surveys showed that arable soils cropped with banana, representing up to 20,000 ha, are contaminated this insecticide with concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 37.4 mg kg−1. Chlordecone was classified as a persistent organic pollutant in May 2009. It is not only contaminating soil resources but also water resources where it is often detected. This insecticide is bioaccumulated in different plant and animals thereby contaminating the food chain causing an important human health. This contaminant is recalcitrant to biodegradation and very few information is available on microbial degradation of chlordecone in soils and almost nothing in the soil of the French West Indies. In this context, the program of research Biodechlord funded by the INRA (National Institute of Agronomical Research) in the framework the National Plan for Chlordecone (PNAC), was aiming at searching for traces of chlordecone microbial degradation in FWI soils. This project relied on a multidisciplinary approach developed by a broad scientific consortium involving researchers from CEA, Ecole Centrale Lyon, INRA, Irstea, Strasbourg and Lyon Universities. This program was made of several approaches consisting in (i) in silico analyses aiming at (ia) classifying chlordecone and its known metabolites using the QSAR Typol in order to define hypotheses on possible degradation pathways (ib) searching for microbial genes coding deshalogenases in genomic databank that could be used to dechlorinate chlordecone; (ii) chemical analyses aiming at (iia) optimizing approaches to quantify chlordecone and its main metabolites in soils, (iib) identify chemical processes (photodegradation and photocatalysis) that can be used to transform chlordecone; (iii) search for microbes tolerant to chlordecone able to grow on it under aerobic or anaerobic conditions; (iv) characterize the impact of chlordecone on soil microbial communities using soil metagenomics. A synthesis of the work carried out in the framework of Biodechlord will be presented. Innovative nature of the proposed topic: Very little information is available on the processes involved in the transformation of chlordecone in the contaminated soils of the French West Indies. Regarding to the environmental and the human health problems caused by the pollutant there is an urgent to document this question. The Biodechlord project proposed to search for chemical and microbial processes possibly involved in chlordecone transformation in the contaminated soils of the French West Indies. Among the results accumulated by the Biodechlord project, results about the isolation of microbial cultures tolerant to chlordecone will be highlighted

Draix-Bleone critical zone observatory

International audienceDraix-Bleone observatory is located in the French South Alps in a highly erodible badland area. It was created in 1983 to study hydrology and erosion processes in mountain and its focus has been extended since then to critical zone processes, including interactions between physical, chemical and biological components. In this poster we present recent results and innovative methods ranging from detailed measurements and modeling of sediment transport and soil moisture, chemical and physical denudation rates, chemical tracing of water fluxes, to the interactions between plant traits anddiversity, soil formation and stability, and interactions between vegetation cover and erosion