865 research outputs found
The power of animation:encouraging doctors to access support for psychological wellbeing
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated already high rates of poor psychological wellbeing in doctors. Many doctors perceive a stigma associated with acknowledging psychological wellbeing concerns, resulting in a reluctance to seek support for those concerns. The aim of this study was to develop a theoretically-informed and evidence-based composite narrative animation (CNA) to encourage doctors to access support for psychological wellbeing, and to evaluate the acceptability of the CNA.A composite narrative was developed from an evidence-base of interviews with 27 GP participants across Scotland (May–July 2020). The Behaviour Change Wheel was used to identify behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to be embedded within the CNA. The narrative was turned into a script in collaboration with an animation company. A brief animation ‘Jane the GP’ was developed reflecting specific BCTs.Scottish doctors (n = 83) were asked for their views on acceptability of the CNA concept, and subsequently asked to provide views on the acceptability of the CNA after viewing it. Participants thought the concept of a CNA was novel but may not appeal to all. After viewing the CNA, the widespread view was that it portrayed an authentic experience, could reduce stigma around seeking support for psychological wellbeing, and highlighted formal routes to access such support.CNAs are a novel and acceptable intervention method for encouraging doctors to access support for psychological wellbeing. The use of a theory driven intervention development framework to create the CNA facilitates the link between theory and practice
The power of animation:encouraging doctors to access support for psychological wellbeing
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated already high rates of poor psychological wellbeing in doctors. Many doctors perceive a stigma associated with acknowledging psychological wellbeing concerns, resulting in a reluctance to seek support for those concerns. The aim of this study was to develop a theoretically-informed and evidence-based composite narrative animation (CNA) to encourage doctors to access support for psychological wellbeing, and to evaluate the acceptability of the CNA.A composite narrative was developed from an evidence-base of interviews with 27 GP participants across Scotland (May–July 2020). The Behaviour Change Wheel was used to identify behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to be embedded within the CNA. The narrative was turned into a script in collaboration with an animation company. A brief animation ‘Jane the GP’ was developed reflecting specific BCTs.Scottish doctors (n = 83) were asked for their views on acceptability of the CNA concept, and subsequently asked to provide views on the acceptability of the CNA after viewing it. Participants thought the concept of a CNA was novel but may not appeal to all. After viewing the CNA, the widespread view was that it portrayed an authentic experience, could reduce stigma around seeking support for psychological wellbeing, and highlighted formal routes to access such support.CNAs are a novel and acceptable intervention method for encouraging doctors to access support for psychological wellbeing. The use of a theory driven intervention development framework to create the CNA facilitates the link between theory and practice
Galactic-Scale Outflow and Supersonic Ram-Pressure Stripping in the Virgo Cluster Galaxy NGC 4388
The Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (HIFI) on the University of
Hawaii 2.2m telescope was used to map the Halpha and [O III] 5007 A
emission-line profiles across the entire disk of the edge-on Sb galaxy NGC
4388. We confirm a rich complex of highly ionized gas that extends ~4 kpc above
the disk of this galaxy. Low-ionization gas associated with star formation is
also present in the disk. Evidence for bar streaming is detected in the disk
component and is discussed in a companion paper (Veilleux, Bland-Hawthorn, &
Cecil 1999; hereafter VBC). Non-rotational blueshifted velocities of 50 - 250
km/s are measured in the extraplanar gas north-east of the nucleus. The
brighter features in this complex tend to have more blueshifted velocities. A
redshifted cloud is also detected 2 kpc south-west of the nucleus. The velocity
field of the extraplanar gas of NGC 4388 appears to be unaffected by the
inferred supersonic (Mach number M ~ 3) motion of this galaxy through the ICM
of the Virgo cluster. We argue that this is because the galaxy and the high-|z|
gas lie behind a Mach cone with opening angle ~ 80 degrees. The shocked ICM
that flows near the galaxy has a velocity of ~ 500 km/s and exerts insufficient
ram pressure on the extraplanar gas to perturb its kinematics. We consider
several explanations of the velocity field of the extraplanar gas. Velocities,
especially blueshifted velocities on the N side of the galaxy, are best
explained as a bipolar outflow which is tilted by > 12 degrees from the normal
to the disk. The observed offset between the extraplanar gas and the radio
structure may be due to buoyancy or refractive bending by density gradients in
the halo gas. Velocity substructure in the outflowing gas also suggests an
interaction with ambient halo gas.Comment: 29 pages including 5 figures, Latex, requires aaspp4.sty, to appear
in ApJ, 520 (July 20, 1999 issue
A Kinematic Link between Boxy Bulges, Stellar Bars, and Nuclear Activity in NGC 3079 & NGC 4388
We present direct kinematic evidence for bar streaming motions in two active
galaxies with boxy stellar bulges. The Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot
Interferometer was used on the Canada-France-Hawaii 3.6-m telescope and the
University of Hawaii 2.2-m telescope to derive the two-dimensional velocity
field of the line-emitting gas in the disks of the Sc galaxy NGC 3079 and the
Sb galaxy NGC 4388. In contrast to previous work based on long-slit data, the
detection of the bar potential from the Fabry-Perot data does not rely on the
existence of inner Lindblad resonances or strong bar-induced shocks. Simple
kinematic models which approximate the intrinsic gas orbits as nonintersecting,
inclined elliptical annuli that conserve angular momentum characterize the
observed velocity fields. Box-shaped bulges in both NGC 3079 and NGC 4388 are
confirmed using new near-infrared images to reduce dust obscuration.
Morphological analysis of starlight in these galaxies is combined with the gas
kinematics derived from the Fabry-Perot spectra to test evolutionary models of
stellar bars that involve transitory boxy bulges, and to quantify the
importance of such bars in fueling active nuclei. Our data support the
evolutionary bar models, but fail to prove convincingly that the stellar bars
in NGC 3079 and NGC 4388 directly trigger or sustain the nuclear activity.
(abridged)Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures, Latex, requires aaspp4.sty. Accepted for the
Astronomical Journal (November issue
Supporting doctors’ well-being and resilience during COVID-19 : a framework for rapid and rigorous intervention development
Authors thank the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland for supporting the research.This paper aims to outline the development of a theoretically informed and evidence-based intervention strategy to underpin interventions to support the well-being of doctors during COVID-19 and beyond; delineate new ways of working were employed to ensure a rapid and rigorous process of intervention development and present the resulting novel framework for intervention development. The research comprised four workstreams: literature review (WS1), qualitative study (WS2), intervention development and implementation (WS3) and evaluation (WS4). Due to time constraints, we employed a parallel design for WS1–3 with the findings of WS1–2 informing WS3 on a continual basis. WS3 was underpinned by the Behaviour Change Wheel. We recruited expert panels to assist with intervention development. We reflected on decisions taken to facilitate the rapid yet rigorous process of intervention development. The empirical output was a theoretically informed and evidence-based intervention strategy to underpin interventions to support doctors' well-being during COVID-19 and beyond. The methodological output was a novel framework that facilitates rapid and rigorous development of interventions. The intervention strategy provides a foundation for development and evaluation of tailored interventions to support doctors' well-being. The novel framework provides guidance for the development of interventions where the situation demands a rapid yet rigorous development process.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Heard, valued, supported? : Doctors' wellbeing during transitions triggered by COVID-19
Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all study participants who invested significant time and energy into participating in this study in exceptional circumstances. The authors would also like to thank study funders: Chief Scientist Office (Scotland) and Scottish Medical Education Research Consortium (SMERC). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Medical Education published by Association for the Study of Medical Education and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Modern theories of low-energy astrophysical reactions
We summarize recent ab initio studies of low-energy electroweak reactions of
astrophysical interest, relevant for both big bang nucleosynthesis and solar
neutrino production. The calculational methods include direct integration for
np radiative and pp weak capture, correlated hyperspherical harmonics for
reactions of A=3,4 nuclei, and variational Monte Carlo for A=6,7 nuclei.
Realistic nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interactions and consistent current
operators are used as input.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past, Present and Future Research
This review discusses the current status of supermassive black hole research,
as seen from a purely observational standpoint. Since the early '90s, rapid
technological advances, most notably the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope,
the commissioning of the VLBA and improvements in near-infrared speckle imaging
techniques, have not only given us incontrovertible proof of the existence of
supermassive black holes, but have unveiled fundamental connections between the
mass of the central singularity and the global properties of the host galaxy.
It is thanks to these observations that we are now, for the first time, in a
position to understand the origin, evolution and cosmic relevance of these
fascinating objects.Comment: Invited Review, 114 pages. Because of space requirements, this
version contains low resolution figures. The full resolution version can be
downloaded from http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~lff/publications.htm
X-ray Spectral Survey with XMM--Newton of a Complete Sample of Nearby Seyfert Galaxies
Results obtained from an X-ray spectral survey of nearby Seyfert galaxies
using XMM--Newton are reported. The sample was optically selected, well
defined, complete in B mag, and distance limited: it consists of the nearest
(D<22 Mpc) 27 Seyfert galaxies (9 of type 1, 18 of type 2) taken from the Ho et
al. (1997) sample. This is one of the largest atlases of hard X-ray spectra of
low-L active galaxies ever assembled. All nuclear sources except two Sey 2s are
detected between 2-10 keV, half for the first time ever, and average spectra
are obtained for all of them. Nuclear luminosities reach values down to 10**38
erg/s. The shape of the distribution of X-ray parameters is affected by the
presence of Compton-thick objects (> 30% among type 2s). The latter have been
identified either directly from their intense FeK line and flat X-ray spectra,
or indirectly with flux diagnostic diagrams which use isotropic indicators.
After taking into account these highly absorbed sources, we find that (i) the
intrinsic X-ray spectral properties (i.e., spectral shapes and luminosities
above 2 keV) are consistent between type 1 and type 2 Sey, as expected from
``unified models'', (ii) Sey galaxies as a whole are distributed fairly
continuously over the entire range of Nh, between 10**20 and 10**25 cm**-2, and
(iii) while Sey 1s tend to have lower Nh and Sey 2s tend to have the highest,
we find 30% and 10% exceptions, respectively. Overall the sample well
represents the average intrinsic X-ray spectral properties of nearby AGN,
including a proper estimate of the distribution of their absorbing columns.
Finally, we conclude that, with the exception of a few cases, the present study
agrees with predictions of unified models of Sey galaxies, and extends their
validity down to very low luminosities.Comment: 23 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures, 2 Appendices with 27 source spectra
and notes, to be published in the Astronomy & Astrophysics Journa
A review of elliptical and disc galaxy structure, and modern scaling laws
A century ago, in 1911 and 1913, Plummer and then Reynolds introduced their
models to describe the radial distribution of stars in `nebulae'. This article
reviews the progress since then, providing both an historical perspective and a
contemporary review of the stellar structure of bulges, discs and elliptical
galaxies. The quantification of galaxy nuclei, such as central mass deficits
and excess nuclear light, plus the structure of dark matter halos and cD galaxy
envelopes, are discussed. Issues pertaining to spiral galaxies including dust,
bulge-to-disc ratios, bulgeless galaxies, bars and the identification of
pseudobulges are also reviewed. An array of modern scaling relations involving
sizes, luminosities, surface brightnesses and stellar concentrations are
presented, many of which are shown to be curved. These 'redshift zero'
relations not only quantify the behavior and nature of galaxies in the Universe
today, but are the modern benchmark for evolutionary studies of galaxies,
whether based on observations, N-body-simulations or semi-analytical modelling.
For example, it is shown that some of the recently discovered compact
elliptical galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 may be the bulges of modern disc galaxies.Comment: Condensed version (due to Contract) of an invited review article to
appear in "Planets, Stars and Stellar
Systems"(www.springer.com/astronomy/book/978-90-481-8818-5). 500+ references
incl. many somewhat forgotten, pioneer papers. Original submission to
Springer: 07-June-201
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