Interacción del adulto significativo en la formación de los hábitos e instauración de normas pertinentes en los niños y niñas.

El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado y ejecutado en la Sede Infantil Trece de Noviembre con niños y niñas con edades entre los 4 y 5 años, en su gran mayoría de bajos recursos y familias descompuestas en algunos de ellos, se realizó teniendo como objetivo, identificar la importancia que posee el adulto significativo, llámese madre, padre, abuela, tíos en la instauración de normas y hábitos pertinentes en el proceso de formación de los niños y niñas, para llevar el trabajo se utilizó la investigación cualitativa, y como técnica de recolección de la información se utilizó el instrumento de entrevistas semiestructurada. Entre los hallazgos identificados se encontró que realmente es relevante el modelo que se le proporcione al infante, pues los niños y niñas son como pequeñas esponjas que absorben toda la información de su alrededor y por lo tanto aprenden del ejemplo del adulto significativo que lo acompaña en su proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo. En muchas de nuestras intervenciones percibimos que ellos son capaces de interiorizar la norma, pero para ello necesitan de un buen acompañamiento basado en una autoridad coherente, donde las personas con las cuales el niño o la niña se están formando, se apoyen y brinden un ejemplo que esté afín con lo que se dice y se hace. Se analiza también el papel que representa el docente la formación de los niños y niñas, teniendo en cuenta que los tiempos han cambiado y que ahora se le otorga una responsabilidad más a la escuela y al docente, quienes deben ir más allá de una formación académica y comenzar a hacer parte de la formación en valores, hábitos y normas indispensables para interactuar en la sociedad.Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dio

Interacción del adulto significativo en la formación de los hábitos e instauración de normas pertinentes en los niños y niñas.

El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado y ejecutado en la Sede Infantil Trece de Noviembre con niños y niñas con edades entre los 4 y 5 años, en su gran mayoría de bajos recursos y familias descompuestas en algunos de ellos, se realizó teniendo como objetivo, identificar la importancia que posee el adulto significativo, llámese madre, padre, abuela, tíos en la instauración de normas y hábitos pertinentes en el proceso de formación de los niños y niñas, para llevar el trabajo se utilizó la investigación cualitativa, y como técnica de recolección de la información se utilizó el instrumento de entrevistas semiestructurada. Entre los hallazgos identificados se encontró que realmente es relevante el modelo que se le proporcione al infante, pues los niños y niñas son como pequeñas esponjas que absorben toda la información de su alrededor y por lo tanto aprenden del ejemplo del adulto significativo que lo acompaña en su proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo. En muchas de nuestras intervenciones percibimos que ellos son capaces de interiorizar la norma, pero para ello necesitan de un buen acompañamiento basado en una autoridad coherente, donde las personas con las cuales el niño o la niña se están formando, se apoyen y brinden un ejemplo que esté afín con lo que se dice y se hace. Se analiza también el papel que representa el docente la formación de los niños y niñas, teniendo en cuenta que los tiempos han cambiado y que ahora se le otorga una responsabilidad más a la escuela y al docente, quienes deben ir más allá de una formación académica y comenzar a hacer parte de la formación en valores, hábitos y normas indispensables para interactuar en la sociedad.Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dio

Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia

As animals develop, tissue bending contributes to shape the organs into complex three-dimensional structures. However, the architecture and packing of curved epithelia remains largely unknown. Here we show by means of mathematical modelling that cells in bent epithelia can undergo intercalations along the apico-basal axis. This phenomenon forces cells to have different neighbours in their basal and apical surfaces. As a consequence, epithelial cells adopt a novel shape that we term “scutoid”. The detailed analysis of diverse tissues confirms that generation of apico-basal intercalations between cells is a common feature during morphogenesis. Using biophysical arguments, we propose that scutoids make possible the minimization of the tissue energy and stabilize three-dimensional packing. Hence, we conclude that scutoids are one of nature's solutions to achieve epithelial bending. Our findings pave the way to understand the three-dimensional organization of epithelial organs.España Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología BFU2013-48988-C2-1-P and BFU2016-8079

Personality traits in rats predict vulnerability and resilience to developing stress-induced depression-like behaviors, HPA axis hyper-reactivity and brain changes in pERK1/2 activity

Emerging evidence indicates that certain behavioral traits, such as anxiety, are associated with the development of depression-like behaviors after exposure to chronic stress. However, single traits do not explain the wide variability in vulnerability to stress observed in outbred populations. We hypothesized that a combination of behavioral traits might provide a better characterization of an individual's vulnerability to prolonged stress. Here, we sought to determine whether the characterization of relevant behavioral traits in rats could aid in identifying individuals with different vulnerabilities to developing stress-induced depression-like behavioral alterations. We also investigated whether behavioral traits would be related to the development of alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and in brain activity - as measured through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) - in response to an acute stressor following either sub-chronic (2 weeks) or chronic (4 weeks) unpredictable stress (CUS). Sprague-Dawley rats were characterized using a battery of behavioral tasks, and three principal traits were identified: anxiety, exploration and activity. When combined, the first two traits were found to explain the variability in the stress responses. Our findings confirm the increased risk of animals with high anxiety developing certain depression-like behaviors (e.g., increased floating time in the forced swim test) when progressively exposed to stress. In contrast, the behavioral profile based on combined low anxiety and low exploration was resistant to alterations related to social behaviors, while the high anxiety and low exploration profile displayed a particularly vulnerable pattern of physiological and neurobiological responses after sub-chronic stress exposure. Our findings indicate important differences in animals' vulnerability and/or resilience to the effects of repeated stress, particularly during initial or intermediate levels of stress exposure, and they highlight that the behavioral inhibition profile of an animal provides a particular susceptibility to responding in a deleterious manner to stress

Validation of the Active Educational health questionnarie

Recepción: 30 de junio de 2016Aceptado: 23 de febrero de 2017Correspondencia: José Miguel García RamírezCorreo-e: [email protected]: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-6503Nota: Este artículo muestra parte de los resultados obtenidos del Proyecto de Innovación Docente 14-90 de la Universidad de Granada “Salud Eduactiva: Riesgos Psicosociales y Salud Educacional. También ha sido publicado en la memoria de los PID de 2014-16 de la Universidad de Granada.Revisores:Dra. Karen McMullin. Trent University (Canada). ORCID: 0000-0002-1449-3550Dr. Alfonso Conde Lacarcel. Universidad de Granada (Spain). ORCID: 0000-0002-2247-2856Dr. Walfredo González Hernández. Universidad de Matanzas (Cuba). ORCID: 0000-0003-4028-4266En el ámbito universitario el estrés y el burnout, acompañados de una falta de actividad física y de una dieta alimenticia adecuada actúan contra la salud y bienestar psicológico de su alumnado. Este estudio adapta y valida un cuestionario para evaluar y prevenir el deterioro de la salud y el bienestar psicológico subjetivo del alumnado de la Universidad de Granada, a partir del cuestionario istas21 (Moncada, Llorens, Navarro y Kristensen, 2005) y la escala de flow (Jackson y Eklund, 2002). También se adapta y propone un modelo de intervención a partir del Modelo Circumplejo de las Emociones (Russel, 1978) y el Modelo Bidimensional del Bienestar Subjetivo en el Trabajo (Bakker y Oerlemans, 2011) para reducir el estrés y el burnout en estudiantes.Abstract: In the university context, stress and burnout, accompanied by a lack of physical activity and a proper diet are detrimental to the health and psychological well-being of the students. This study adapts and validates a questionnaire to evaluate and prevent the deterioration of the health and subjective psychological well-being of the students of the University of Granada, using the istas21 questionnaire (Moncada, Llorens, Navarro and Kristensen, 2005) and the flow scale (Jackson and Eklund, 2002). It also adapts and proposes an intervention model based on the Circumplex Model of Emotions (Russell, 1978) and the Two-Dimensional Model of Work-Related Subjective Well-Being (Bakker and Oerlemans, 2011) to reduce stress and burnout in students.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

Altered methylation pattern in EXOC4 is associated with stroke outcome: an epigenome-wide association study

Background and purpose: The neurological course after stroke is highly variable and is determined by demographic, clinical and genetic factors. However, other heritable factors such as epigenetic DNA methylation could play a role in neurological changes after stroke. Methods: We performed a three-stage epigenome-wide association study to evaluate DNA methylation associated with the difference between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at baseline and at discharge (Delta NIHSS) in ischaemic stroke patients. DNA methylation data in the Discovery (n = 643) and Replication (n = 62) Cohorts were interrogated with the 450 K and EPIC BeadChip. Nominal CpG sites from the Discovery (p value < 10(-06)) were also evaluated in a meta-analysis of the Discovery and Replication cohorts, using a random-fixed effect model. Metabolic pathway enrichment was calculated with methylGSA. We integrated the methylation data with 1305 plasma protein expression levels measured by SOMAscan in 46 subjects and measured RNA expression with RT-PCR in a subgroup of 13 subjects. Specific cell-type methylation was assessed using EpiDISH. Results: The meta-analysis revealed an epigenome-wide significant association in EXOC4 (p value = 8.4 x 10(-08)) and in MERTK (p value = 1.56 x 10(-07)). Only the methylation in EXOC4 was also associated in the Discovery and in the Replication Cohorts (p value = 1.14 x 10(-06) and p value = 1.3 x 10(-02), respectively). EXOC4 methylation negatively correlated with the long-term outcome (coefficient = - 4.91) and showed a tendency towards a decrease in EXOC4 expression (rho = - 0.469, p value = 0.091). Pathway enrichment from the meta-analysis revealed significant associations related to the endocytosis and deubiquitination processes. Seventy-nine plasma proteins were differentially expressed in association with EXOC4 methylation. Pathway analysis of these proteins showed an enrichment in natural killer (NK) cell activation. The cell-type methylation analysis in blood also revealed a differential methylation in NK cells. Conclusions: DNA methylation of EXOC4 is associated with a worse neurological course after stroke. The results indicate a potential modulation of pathways involving endocytosis and NK cells regulation

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380–420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.12 página

Single nucleotide variations in ZBTB46 are associated with post-thrombolytic parenchymal haematoma

Haemorrhagic transformation is a complication of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator treatment. The most severe form, parenchymal haematoma, can result in neurological deterioration, disability, and death. Our objective was to identify single nucleotide variations associated with a risk of parenchymal haematoma following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. A fixed-effect genome-wide meta-analysis was performed combining two-stage genome-wide association studies (n = 1904). The discovery stage (three cohorts) comprised 1324 ischaemic stroke individuals, 5.4% of whom had a parenchymal haematoma. Genetic variants yielding a P-value < 0.05 1 x 10(-5) were analysed in the validation stage (six cohorts), formed by 580 ischaemic stroke patients with 12.1% haemorrhagic events. All participants received recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator; cases were parenchymal haematoma type 1 or 2 as defined by the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) criteria. Genome-wide significant findings (P < 5 x 10(-8)) were characterized by in silica functional annotation, gene expression, and DNA regulatory elements. We analysed 7 989 272 single nucleotide polymorphisms and identified a genome-wide association locus on chromosome 20 in the discovery cohort; functional annotation indicated that the ZBTB46 gene was driving the association for chromosome 20. The top single nucleotide polymorphism was rs76484331 in the ZBTB46 gene [P = 2.49 x 10(-8); odds ratio (OR): 11.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.82-26.55]. In the replication cohort (n = 580), the rs76484331 polymorphism was associated with parenchymal haematoma (P = 0.01), and the overall association after meta-analysis increased (P = 1.61 x 10(-8), OR: 5.84; 95% CI: 3.16-10.76). ZBTB46 codes the zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 46 that acts as a transcription factor. In silica studies indicated that ZBTB46 is expressed in brain tissue by neurons and endothelial cells. Moreover, rs76484331 interacts with the promoter sites located at 20q13. In conclusion, we identified single nucleotide variants in the ZBTB46 gene associated with a higher risk of parenchymal haematoma following recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator treatment.Peer reviewe

Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Eneida Registry

Background: The effectiveness of the switch to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent. Results: A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug. Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica