Análisis sobre las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera teca (tectona grandis)

En la presente monografía se comparan y analizan las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera Teca (Tectona Grandis), reportados en diferentes lugares del mundo, con el objetivo de visualizar como el lugar de procedencia en función de la edad, el contenido de humedad, la orientación de la fibra entre otros factores, pueden afectar estas propiedades. Igualmente, se verificó si los valores reportados para esta madera cumplen con los requerimientos mínimos de calidad exigidos en la (Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería Sísmica, 1997).1. LISTA DE FIGURAS........................................................................................................ 82. LISTA DE TABLAS .......................................................................................................... 93. RESUMEN .................................................................................................................... 104. INTRODUCCIÓN........................................................................................................... 115. OBJETIVO GENERAL................................................................................................... 136. TECTONA GRANDIS .................................................................................................... 147. PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS Y MECÁNICAS .................................................................... 187.1 Densidad .................................................................................................................. 187.2 Contenido de humedad ............................................................................................ 217.3 Contracción e hinchamiento de la madera ............................................................... 247.4 Dureza ..................................................................................................................... 277.5 Flexión estática ........................................................................................................ 307.6 Compresión ............................................................................................................. 357.7 Cizalladura o cortante .............................................................................................. 397.8 Tensión .................................................................................................................... 428. REGLAMENTO COLOMBIANO DE CONSTRUCCIÓN SISMO RESISTENTE NSR-10 Y TECTONA GRANDIS (TECA) ........................................................................................... 439. CONCLUSIONES .......................................................................................................... 4810. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................................................... 49MonografíaPregradoIngeniero(a) Mecánico(a

Memoria del II Coloquio Internacional sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales

Desde la Sede de Occidente y, específicamente, en el seno de la Coordinación de Investigación y con el apoyo de la Dirección de la Sede y las Coordinaciones de Docencia, Administración y Acción Social, así como de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación, se han celebrado en el 2011 y en el 2012 dos coloquios internacionales sobre diversidad cultural y estudios regionales. El propósito de ambos consistió principalmente en motivar a investigadores e investigadoras de las distintas unidades académicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de otras instituciones de Educación Superior, así como a representantes de Centros e Institutos de Investigación nacionales e internacionales, a presentar resultados de investigaciones que contribuyeran a un mayor conocimiento de los procesos culturales y que dieran a conocer resultados que permitieran la comprensión de las realidades de distintos sectores y regiones. En el 2011 se presentaron cuarenta y seis ponencias y se dictaron tres conferencias magistrales, y en el 2012 se expusieron cincuenta ponencias y se impartieron tres conferencias magistrales.UCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occidente::Recinto San Ramón::Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Difteria

La presente informaci&oacute;n se realiza a ra&iacute;z de la informaci&oacute;n extraoficial el d&iacute;a 17 de septiembre de 2016, de tres fallecidos procedentesdel Km 33, San Antonio de Roscio, comunidad del pueblo Pem&oacute;n, MunicipioSifontes, del estado Bol&iacute;var. Se trata de tres ni&ntilde;os, quienes presentaroncl&iacute;nica de faringo amigdalitis con seudomembranas blanquecinasen la faringe y fosas nasales, falleciendo pocos d&iacute;as despu&eacute;s de presentarlas lesiones en faringe. Por la evoluci&oacute;n t&oacute;rpida de los casos y por nexoepidemiol&oacute;gico de su procedencia, la enfermedad parece corresponder adifteria, enfermedad ya erradicada en nuestro pa&iacute;s, desde el a&ntilde;o 1992.Desconocemos el n&uacute;mero de casos y de fallecidos que est&aacute;n siendoafectados por la enfermedad y las acciones que se est&aacute;n tomando alrespecto, por informaci&oacute;n tambi&eacute;n extra oficial se estima en 68 los enfermosy m&agrave;s de 20 los fallecidos posiblemente causados por la difteria.Desconocemos si los enfermos y fallecidos corresponden a la poblaci&oacute;nind&iacute;gena pem&oacute;n, residente en la zona, los ind&iacute;genas son m&aacute;s vulnerablesa enfermedades infecciosas y la mortalidad pudiera ser mayor. Esteposible brote de difteria, se suma a la epidemia de malaria que afectaal municipio Sifontes del estado Bol&iacute;var, una de las &aacute;reas m&aacute;s afectadaspor la malaria en Venezuela. Es deber de las autoridades sanitariasde nuestro pa&iacute;s informar a la comunidad en general y a la comunidad&nbsp;m&eacute;dica, sobre los brotes de enfermedades conocidaso desconocidas que puedan poner en riesgo la saludde las personas. Realizamos esta revisi&oacute;n de difteriapor la gravedad que revisten los casos y por la ausenciade informaci&oacute;n oficial de parte de las autoridadesde salud, adem&aacute;s de alertar a la comunidad m&eacute;dica ya la poblaci&oacute;n en general acerca de esta enfermedadla cual tiene su epicentro en los municipios Sifontesy Caron&iacute; del estado Bol&igrave;var, con informaci&oacute;n de casossospechosos en otros estados

Cross-cultural invariance of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard to measure the perception of government actions against COVID-19 in Latin America

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of a general measure of the perception of governmental responses to COVID-|19 (COVID-SCORE-10) in the general population of 13 Latin American countries. Methods: A total of 5780 individuals from 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the alignment method was used to evaluate invariance. Additionally, a graded response model was used for the assessment of item characteristics. Results: The results indicate that there is approximate measurement invariance of the COVID-SCORE-10 among the participating countries. Furthermore, IRT results suggest that the COVID-SCORE-10 measures with good psychometric ability a broad spectrum of the construct assessed, especially around average levels. Comparison of COVID-SCORE-10 scores indicated that participants from Cuba, Uruguay and El Salvador had the most positive perceptions of government actions to address the pandemic. Thus, the underlying construct of perception of government actions was equivalent in all countries. Conclusion: The results show the importance of initially establishing the fundamental measurement properties and MI before inferring the cross-cultural universality of the construct to be measured