Judge Paul J. McCormick: The Prelude to Desegregation in the United States

Born into a Catholic family on April 23, 1879, in New York City, Paul J. McCormick became one of Los Angeles, California’s most important federal judges. On March 21, 1946, Judge McCormick’s judgment in favor of the Mendez v. Westminster case declared California schools must desegregate. Until that time, school segregation had relied on the 1896 court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, which justified it under racial segregation. McCormick’s singular decision marked a watershed in the fight for civil rights in the United States. While Judge McCormick promoted justice, equality, and civil rights, his court decision desegregating schools on behalf of Mexican students would mark the beginning to the end of segregation throughout the United States

Seeking Social Justice in the City of Los Angeles: Mary Julia Workman

Mary Julia Workman (1871–1964) was a Catholic social activist in the early twentieth century. She was the founder of the Brownson Settlement House in Los Angeles established in 1902. By the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era (1896–1916), Workman led a group of volunteer women to help immigrants, the majority being Mexicans, who were segregated and discriminated against in the growing city of Los Angeles, California. Although Catholic activism was influenced by the Protestant Progressive ideology, Workman provided social justice to the marginalized communities with education, health, and job training. In a time when Americanization efforts imposed by conservative and nationalist religious groups on immigrants brought antagonism, racism, and discrimination to the diverse communities of Los Angeles, Mary Julia Workman and her Americanization methodology focused on learning from a foreign culture and adapting it to American society rather than removing cultural identity and heritage. After years of service, Workman left her position as the president of the Brownson House due to the religious bureaucracy at the Archdiocese of Los Angeles but never stopped fighting for social justice. Mary Julia spent her whole life devoted to learning, understanding, and fighting for marginalized and discriminated individuals. Her contributions may have been forgotten, but her devotion will live on

A generic ATMS

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to create a general truth maintenance system based on the De Kleer algorithm. This system (the ATMS) is to be designed so that it can be used in different propositional monotonic logic models of reasoning systems. The knowledge base system that will interact with it is described. Furthermore, we study the efficiency that transferring the ATMS to a logic with several truth values presupposes. Definitions and properties of the generic ATMS are particularized to interact both with a reasoning system based on multivalued logic specifically for the case of [0, 1 ]-valued logic and with a reasoning system based on fuzzy logic. The latter will be designed to reason with fuzzy truth values, although a parallel project might be followed using linguistic labels directly

Un acercamiento a la investigación de diseño a través de los experimentos de enseñanza

La Investigación de Diseño (Design Research) es un paradigma metodológico relativamente joven que está siendo de gran utilidad en el campo de la Didáctica de las Ciencias. En este trabajo aportamos una descripción general de dicho paradigma centrándonos en más detalle en la metodología concreta de los experimentos de enseñanza. Presentamos y ejemplificamos las principales características de este tipo de estudios, enriqueciendo la descripción aportada por la literatura con las conclusiones extraídas en nuestra experiencia en su puesta en práctica. Nuestro objetivo es contribuir a su divulgación y desarrollo, así como promover la reflexión y discusión sobre esta metodología

Evaluar el impacto del sistema tributario del municipio de Matagalpa sobre el desarrollo socioeconómico durante el periodo 2002 - 2006

En el presente trabajo se analizó y evaluó el impacto del sistema tributario del municipio de Matagalpa sobre el desarrollo socioeconómico en el periodo 2002 – 2006. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Entrevista al Comité de Desarrollo Municipal (CDM) y al Departamento de Recaudación, Encuesta a la población y Recopilación de información secundaria proporcionada por el Departamento de Finanzas de la Alcaldía Municipal. El crecimiento del desarrollo en un municipio no se logra únicamente con la recaudación de impuestos sino también con la participación de los diferentes actores sociales, los cuales están inmersos en cada una de las etapas del proceso. La población de Matagalpa ha tenido una gran aceptación de los gobiernos locales en estos últimos años, ya que han sido gestores de desarrollo para el municipio, lo que ha permitido un crecimiento en capital humano como en infraestructura. La administración municipal durante el periodo 2002 – 2006 se desempeñó bajo los lineamientos del Plan Estratégico de Desarrollo Municipal, lo que le permitió llevar un mejor control de la problemática poblacional y ajustarse a las medidas necesarias para cumplirle a la población con eficiencia y eficacia. Mediante el proceso del trabajo realizado se observo que la participación ciudadana ha contribuido en el mejoramiento del municipio, siendo esta dinámica, activa y de forma directa monitoreando el proceso de desarroll

Diplomado de profundización cisco ccnp solución de dos escenarios presentes en entornos corporativos bajo el uso de tecnología cisco

En este documento se encuentra el desarrollo de los escenarios planteados en el examen final da habilidades prácticas del curso CCNP de Cisco, en el primer escenario se emplea protocolos de enrutamiento como EIGRP y OSPF. En el segundo escenario plantea que una empresa de comunicaciones presenta una estructura Core acorde a la topología de red, en donde como estudiante se toma el rol de administrador de la red, se configurara e interconecta entre sí cada uno de los dispositivos que forman parte del escenario, acorde con los lineamientos establecidos para el direccionamiento IP, etherchannels, VLANs y demás aspectos que forman parte del escenario propuesto. Se realiza esto mediante el uso de herramientas disponibles como software de simulación como Gns3, permitiendo crear redes y la parte de la electrónica de red encargada de la infraestructura que nos permite interconectar ordenadores y periféricos utilizando principalmente dos tipos de equipos: Routers y Switches ayudando al desarrollo del diplomadoIn the second scenario, it proposes that a communications company presents a Core structure according to the network topology, where as a student, the role of network administrator is taken, each of the devices that are part of the network will be configured and interconnected with each other. scenario, in accordance with the guidelines established for IP addressing, etherchannels, VLANs and other aspects that are part of the proposed scenario. This is done through the use of tools available such as simulation software such as Gns3, allowing to create networks and the part of the network electronics in charge of the infrastructure that allows us to interconnect computers and peripherals using mainly two types of equipment: Routers and Switches helping to development of the diplom

Differential impact of hotter drought on seedling performance of five ecologically distinct pine species

Increasing temperature and drought intensity is inducing the phenomenon of so called “hotter drought”, which is expected to increase in frequency over the coming decades across many areas of the globe, and is expected to have major implications for forest systems. Consequences of hotter drought could be especially relevant for closely-related species overlapping their distributions, since differences in response can translate into range shifts. We assessed the effect of future climatic conditions on the performance of five ecologically distinct pine species common in Europe: Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. uncinata. We hypothesised that Mediterranean species inhabiting dry, low-elevation sites will be less affected by the expected warming and drought increase than species inhabiting cold-wet sites. We performed a controlled-conditions experiment simulating current and projected temperature and precipitation and analysed seedling responses in terms of survival, growth, biomass allocation, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and plant water potential (Ψ). Either an increase of temperature or a reduction of water input alone reduced seedling performance, but the highest impact occurred when these two factors acted in combination. Warming and water limitation reduced Ψ, whereas warming alone reduced biomass allocation to roots and Fv/Fm. However, species responded differentially to warmer and drier conditions, with lowland Mediterranean pines (P. halepensis and P. pinaster) showing higher survival and performance than mountain species. Interspecific differences in response to warmer, drier conditions could contribute to changes in the relative dominance of these pine species in Mediterranean regions where they co-occur and a hotter, drier climate is anticipated.Supported by Stirling-held EU Marie Curie (FP7-2011-IEF-300825

Vortex formation for a non-local interaction model with Newtonian repulsion and superlinear mobility

We consider density solutions for gradient flow equations of the form $u_t = \nabla \cdot ( \gamma(u) \nabla \mathrm N(u))$, where $\mathrm N$ is the Newtonian repulsive potential in the whole space $\mathbb R^d$ with the nonlinear convex mobility $\gamma(u)=u^\alpha$, and $\alpha>1$. We show that solutions corresponding to compactly supported initial data remain compactly supported for all times leading to moving free boundaries as in the linear mobility case $\gamma(u)=u$. For linear mobility it was shown that there is a special solution in the form of a disk vortex of constant intensity in space $u=c_1t^{-1}$ supported in a ball that spreads in time like $c_2t^{1/d}$, thus showing a discontinuous leading front or shock. Our present results are in sharp contrast with the case of concave mobilities of the form $\gamma(u)=u^\alpha$, with $0<\alpha<1$ studied in [9]. There, we developed a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that are positive everywhere and moreover display a fat tail at infinity. Here, we also develop a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that in the radial case leads to a very detail analysis allowing us to show a waiting time phenomena. This is a typical behavior for nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations such as the porous medium equation. We will also construct explicit self-similar solutions exhibiting similar vortex-like behaviour characterizing the long time asymptotics of general radial solutions under certain assumptions. Convergent numerical schemes based on the viscosity solution theory are proposed analysing their rate of convergence. We complement our analytical results with numerical simulations ilustrating the proven results and showcasing some open problems