64 research outputs found
Associations between food portion sizes, insulin resistance, VO2 max and metabolic syndrome in European adolescents: The HELENA study
Background and aims: This study aims to examine the associations of food portion size
(PS) with markers of insulin resistance (IR) and clustered of metabolic risk score in European adolescents.
Methods: A total of 495 adolescents (53.5% females) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by
Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study were included. The association between PS from food
groups and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, VO2 max, and
metabolic risk score was assessed by multilinear regression analysis adjusting for several confounders.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the mean differences of food PS from food groups by HOMA-IR cutoff categories by using maternal education as a covariable.
Results: Larger PS from vegetables in both gender and milk, yoghurt, and milk beverages in males
were associated with higher VO2 max, while larger PS from margarines and vegetable oils were
associated with lower VO2 max (p < 0.05). Males who consumed larger PS from fish and fish
products; meat substitutes, nuts, and pulses; cakes, pies, and biscuits; and sugar, honey, jams,
and chocolate have a higher metabolic risk score (p < 0.05). Males with lower HOMA-IR cutoff
values consumed larger PS from vegetables, milk, yoghurt, and milk beverages (p < 0.05). Females
with lower HOMA-IR cutoff values consumed larger PS from breakfast cereals, while those
with higher HOMA-IR cutoff values consumed larger PS from butter and animal fats (p Z 0.018).
Conclusion: The results show that larger PS from dairy products, cereals, and high energy dense
foods are a significant determinant of IR and VO2 max, and larger PS from food with higher content
of sugar were associated with higher metabolic risk score.European Com-munity Sixth RTD Framework Program FOODCT-2005-007034Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission FJCI-2017-34,96
Association of body composition indices with insulin resistance in European adolescents: The HELENA study
Background: The different body components may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of fat mass and fat free mass indices with markers of insulin resistance, independently of each other and giving, at the same time, gender-specific information in a wide cohort of European adolescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in a school setting was conducted in 925 (430 males) adolescents (14.9 ± 1.2 years). Weight, height, anthropometric, bioimpedance and blood parameters were measured. Indices for fat mass and fat free mass, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were performed adjusting for several confounders including fat free mass and fat mass when possible.
Results: Indices of fat mass were positively associated with HOMA (all p < 0.01) after adjusting for all the confounders including fat free mass indices, in both sexes. Fat free mass indices were associated with HOMA, in both males and females, after adjusting for center, pubertal status, socioeconomic status and cardiorespiratory fitness, but the associations disappear when including fat mass indices in the adjustment’s model.
Conclusion: Fat mass indices derived from different methods are positively associated with insulin resistance independently of several confounders including fat free mass indices. In addition, the relationship of fat free mass with insulin resistance is influenced by the amount of fat mass in European adolescents. Nevertheless, future studies should focus not only on the role of fat mass, but also on other body components such as fat free mass because its role could vary depending of the level and distribution of fat mass
¿Se asocia el consumo de refrescos azucarados con la composición corporal? Estudio transversal en adolescentes españoles
Objectives: Published data about the association between
the consumption of sweetened soft-drinks (SSD)
and obesity in childhood are controversial and still inconsistent.
In addition, data are lacking in the Spanish population.
The purpose of this study was therefore, to explore
the cross-sectional association between body composition-
related parameters and SSD consumption in Spanish
adolescents.
Subjects and methods: A representative sample of 1,523
adolescents (768 boys and 755 girls), with complete dietary
data as well as anthropometric measurements, were
included in this study. Weight, height, waist circumferences,
and 6 skinfolds were measured, and BMI and percentage
body fat were calculated. From a 24h dietary recall
the subjects were grouped in 3 groups according to their
SSD consumption: 1) Non-consumers (0 g of SSD consumption);
2) Moderate consumption (< 336 g/day of
SSD, equivalent to the average SSD portion size); and 3)
High consumption (> 336 g/day of SSD).
Results: 67% males and 75% females did not consume
any SSD the day before the dietary recall interview.
Males consumed more SSD than females. Regarding the
association between SSD consumption and measures of
obesity, no difference was observed between the three
groups of SSD consumption in any of the anthropometric
measurement, BMI or body fat.
Conclusion: As no association was present between
SSD consumption and obesity in our cross-sectional study
we suggest that dietary patterns and habits as well as
lifestyle factors such as physical activity should be present when examining cross-sectional or longitudinal relationships
with obesity. Multidisciplinary intervention
studies are crucial when trying to develop solutions
against the increasing obesity epidemic.Objetivos: Los datos publicados sobre la asociación
entre el consumo de refrescos azucarados (SSD) y la obesidad
en la infancia son controvertidos y todavía inconsistentes.
Además, estos datos son muy escasos en la población
española. Por ello, el propósito de este estudio ha sido
estudiar la asociación entre los parámetros relacionados
con la composición corporal y el consumo de SSD en adolescentes
españoles.
Sujetos y métodos: Se ha realizado el estudio en una
muestra de 1.523 adolescentes (768 chicos y 755 chicas)
que tenían cumplimentados los datos dietéticos y los
parámetros antropométricos (peso, altura, circunferencias
de cintura, y 6 pliegues). Se calculó el IMC y el porcentaje
de grasa corporal. La dieta ha sido calculada a
partir de un recordatorio de 24h. Los sujetos fueron divididos
en grupos dependiendo de la cantidad de SSD que
consumían: 1) No consumidores (0 g de consumo SSD); 2)
Consumo moderado (< 336 g/día de SSD, equivalente a
una bebida al día de SSD); y 3) Consumo alto (> 336 g/día
de SSD).
Resultados: El 67% de los varones y el 75% de las
mujeres indican no consumir este tipo de bebidas el día
anterior a la encuesta. Los varones en general consumieron
más SSD que las mujeres. En cuanto a la asociación
entre consumo SSD y medidas antropométricas y de composición
corporal, no se encontraron diferencias significativas
entre los tres grupos de estudio en los parámetros
antropométricos, IMC o grasa corporal.
Conclusión: Dado que no se ha encontrado en este estudio
ninguna asociación entre el consumo de SSD y la obesidad,
sugerimos que los patrones y hábitos dietarios así
como los factores del estilo de vida, y la actividad física,
deberían tenerse en cuenta al examinar las relaciones
transversales o longitudinales con la obesidad, y que los estudios de intervención multidisciplinar son cruciales
cuando se trata de desarrollar soluciones contra el incremento
de una epidemia como la obesidad.The AVENA study was supported by Spanish Ministry
of Health (00/0015) and by grants from the Spanish Higher
Sports Council (05/UPB32/01, 09/UPB31/03 and
13/UPB20/04), the Spanish Ministry of Education
(AP2003-2128 and AP2004-2745), Coca-Cola, Panrico
SA, Madaus SA and Procter & Gamble SA
Measuring nutritional knowledge using Item Response Theory and its validity in European adolescents
Objective: To analyse the Nutritional Knowledge Test (NKT) using Item Response Theory (ITR) analysis and to assess the construct validity of the Nutritional Knowledge Scale (NKTS) and its associations with adolescent food group consumption and nutritional biomarkers.
DesignCross-sectional study: SettingMulticentre investigation conducted in ten European cities.ParticipantsAdolescents aged 12·5-17·5 years (n 3215) who completed over 75 % of the NKT.
Results: Factor analysis indicated that the NKT can be analysed with a one-dimensional model. Eleven out of twenty-three items from the NKT presented adequate parameters and were selected to be included in the NKTS. Nutrition knowledge was positively associated with consumption of fruits, cereals, dairy products, pulses, meat and eggs, and fish, as well as with blood concentrations of vitamin C, ß-carotene, n-3 fatty acids, holo-transcobalamin, cobalamin and folate; nutrition knowledge was negatively associated with intake of olives and avocado, alcohol and savoury snacks.
Conclusions: The NKTS assessed nutritional knowledge adequately and it is proposed as a new tool to investigate this subject in future studies
Physical Fitness Enhancement Through Education, EDUFIT Study: Background, Design, Methodology and Dropout Analysis
El nivel de forma física es un potente indicador del estado de
salud cardiovascular ya desde edades tempranas. Mejorar el nivel de
condición física es una necesidad educativa ya que contribuye a
aumentar la salud pública y el bienestar presente y futuro. El objeto
del presente artículo es describir la metodología y diseño de un pro
yecto educativo diseñado con esta finalidad, denominado EDUFIT
(EDUcación para el FITness). EDUFIT se llevó a cabo en 2007 y
participaron 67 escolares de 13±1 años, pertenecientes a tres clases
de Enseñanza Secundaria. Las clases fueron aleatoriamente asigna
das a grupo control (GC), grupo experimental 1 (GE1) o grupo expe
rimental 2 (GE2). El GC recibió 2 sesiones de educación física por
semana, el GE1 recibió 4 sesiones (incremento del volumen) y el
GE2 recibió 4 sesiones de alta intensidad (incremento del volu
men+intensidad). Al inicio y tras 16 semanas de intervención se valoró: condición física, composición corporal, perfil lipídico
metabólico, parámetros ventilatorios, tensión arterial, y rendimiento
cognitivo y escolar. La intervención fue viable y tuvo buena acepta
ción entre el alumnado, padres y centro educativo. Se observaron
altas tasas de participación (96%, n=67) y de adhesión al programa
(84%, n=56). El análisis de adhesión/abandono mostró que, aunque
no llega a ser una diferencia significativa (0,1>P>0,05), los adoles
centes que completaron el programa mostraron mejores valores en
capacidad cognitiva y rendimiento académico, y peores en adiposi
dad, tensión diastólica, fuerza de prensión manual y presión espira
toria máxima. La hipótesis del estudio EDUFIT es que duplicar el
número de clases de educación física por semana mejorará la condi
ción física de los adolescentes. Si dicha hipótesis se constata, las
implicaciones desde el punto de vista de salud pública podrían ser
importantes.Physical fitness is a powerful marker of cardiovascular health already at early stages in life. To promote physical fitness enhancement from the school is therefore needed. The present study describes a school intervention program specifically designed for these purposes, called EDUFIT (EDUcation for FITness). The study was carried out in 2007 and comprised 67 adolescents aged 13+/-1 years from a secondary school who belonged to three different classes. The classes were randomly allocated to control group (CG), experimental group 1 (EG1) and experimental group 2 (EG2). The CG was involved in 2 physical education sessions/week, the EG1 was involved in 4 physical education sessions/week (volume increased) and the EG2 was involved in 4 physical education sessions/week of high intensity (volume+intensity increased). Several health parameters were assessed before and after a 16-weeks intervention: physical fitness, body composition, lipid-metabolic profile, ventilatory parameters, blood pressure, and cognitive and academic performance. The intervention was feasible and well-tolerated. There were high participation and adherence rates, i.e. 96% (n=67) and 84% (n=56) respectively. Yet not always significant (0,1>P>0,05), we observed that the adolescents who satisfactory complete the program showed better cognitive and academic performance, and worse levels of adiposity, diastolic tension, handgrip strength and maximal expiratory pressure. The hypothesis of the EDUFIT study is that to double the number of physical education classes will improve physical fitness in adolescents. The confirmation of the hypothesis could have important public health implications.El presente estudio tiene lugar gracias a recursos materiales y humanos procedentes de dos proyectos europeos financiados por la Comisión Europea: el estudio HELENA (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034) y el estudio ALPHA (Ref: 2006120). También gracias a fondos FEDER del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Acciones Complementarias DEP2007-29933-E) y del Grupo de Trabajo 0123/07 del Centro de Profesores y Recursos Murcia II de la Consejería de Educación, Formación y Empleo de la Región de Murcia. Algunos de los investigadores involucrados en este estudio están financiados por becas pre-doctorales y post-doctorales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (AP-2005-3827, AP2005-4358, EX-2007-1124, EX-2008-0641)
Influence of daily beer or ethanol consumption on physical fitness in response to a high-intensity interval training program. The BEER-HIIT study
The authors would like to thank all the participants that took part of the
study for their time and effort. We are grateful to Ms. Ana Yara PostigoFuentes for her assistance with the English language. This study is part of
Cristina Molina-Hidalgo’s Doctoral Thesis conducted in the Official Doctoral
Programme in Psychology of the University of Granada, Spain.Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective approach to improve physical fitness, but
consuming beer, which is a regular practice in many physically active individuals, may interfere with these effects.
The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on
cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and power parameters, and also to assess the possible influence on them
of a moderate consumption of beer (at least from Monday to Friday) or its alcohol equivalent.
Methods: Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults (n = 73, 35 females) were allocated to five groups. Four groups
participated in the HIIT intervention program while the fifth group was a control Non-Training group (n = 15).
Participants in the training groups chose whether they preferred receiving alcohol or alcohol-free beverages. Those
choosing alcohol were randomized to either beer or ethanol intake: (i) T-Beer group (alcohol beer, 5.4%; n = 13) or
(ii) T-Ethanol (sparkling water with vodka, 5.4%; n = 14). Those choosing alcohol-free intake were randomized to (iii)
T-Water group (sparkling water, 0.0%; n = 16), or (iv) T-0.0Beer group (alcohol-free beer, 0.0%; n = 15). Men ingested
330 ml of the beverage at lunch and 330 ml at dinner; women ingested 330 ml at dinner. Before and after the
intervention, maximal oxygen uptake in absolute and relative terms (VO2max.), maximal heart rate, total test
duration, hand grip strength and four types of vertical jumps were measured.
Results: HIIT induced significant improvements in absolute and relative values of VO2max, and total test duration
(all p < 0.05) in all the training groups; also, clinical improvements were found in hand grip strength. These positive
effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. No changes in the vertical jumps occurred in
any of the groups.
Conclusions: A moderate beer or alcohol intake does not mitigate the positive effect of a 10-week HIIT on physical
fitness in young healthy adults.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03660579. Registered 20 September 2018. Retrospectively registered.Centro de Informacion Cerveza y Salud (CICS), Madrid, SpainSpanish Government
FPU14/04172
FPU15/0396
Los procesos corpoemocionales en los estudios de género y sexualidades
En esta obra se piensa al cuerpo en su vínculo con las emociones y con su correlato social, en tanto que profundiza en la utilización de estas como un lenguaje político y no solo como un asunto exclusivo de la esfera de la intimidad.
En esta obra colectiva, dirigida a investigadores, especialistas y profesionales relacionados con la sexualidad, las autoras aportan lecturas que develan la importancia de abordar la vida emocional en los estudios de género, sociológicos y de la cultura. Profundizan en temas como la historia de la salud mental, el amor materno como construcción social, la violencia sexual en los espacios públicos o los derechos de la comunidad LGBTTTI.ITESO, A.C
Conceptions of learning factors in postgraduate health sciences master students: a comparative study with nonhealth science students and between genders
Background: The students’ conceptions of learning in postgraduate health science master studies are poorly
understood. The aim of this study was to compare the factors influencing conceptions of learning in health
sciences and non-health sciences students enrolled in postgraduate master programs in order to obtain
information that may be useful for students and for future postgraduate programs.
Methods: A modified version of the Learning Inventory Conception Questionnaire (COLI) was used to compare
students’ conception learning factors in 131 students at the beginning of their postgraduate studies in health
sciences, experimental sciences, arts and humanities and social sciences.
Results: The present study demonstrates that a set of factors may influence conception of learning of health
sciences postgraduate students, with learning as gaining information, remembering, using, and understanding
information, awareness of duty and social commitment being the most relevant. For these students, learning as a
personal change, a process not bound by time or place or even as acquisition of professional competences, are less
relevant. According to our results, this profile is not affected by gender differences.
Conclusions: Our results show that the overall conceptions of learning differ among students of health sciences
and non-health sciences (experimental sciences, arts and humanities and social sciences) master postgraduate
programs. These finding are potentially useful to foster the learning process of HS students, because if they are
metacognitively aware of their own conception or learning, they will be much better equipped to self-regulate
their learning behavior in a postgraduate master program in health sciences.Supported by CTS-115 (Tissue Engineering Group of the University of Granada).
The funding body did not took part in the design of the study and collection,
analysis and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript
The Power of Exercise: Buffering the Effect of Chronic Stress on Telomere Length
Background: Chronic psychological stress is associated with detrimental effects on physical health, and may operate in part through accelerated cell aging, as indexed by shorter telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. However, not all people under stress have distinctly short telomeres, and we examined whether exercise can serve a stress-buffering function. We predicted that chronic stress would be related to short telomere length (TL) in sedentary individuals, whereas in those who exercise, stress would not have measurable effects on telomere shortening. Methodology and Principal Findings: 63 healthy post-menopausal women underwent a fasting morning blood draw for whole blood TL analysis by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and for three successive days reported daily minutes of vigorous activity. Participants were categorized into two groups-sedentary and active (those getting Centers for Disease Control-recommended daily amount of activity). The likelihood of having short versus long telomeres was calculated as a function of stress and exercise group, covarying age, BMI and education. Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant moderating effect of exercise. As predicted, among non-exercisers a one unit increase in the Perceived Stress Scale was related to a 15-fold increase in the odds of having short telomeres (p,.05), whereas in exercisers, perceived stress appears to be unrelated to TL (B = 2.59, SE =.78, p =.45)
Relationship between self-reported dietary intake and physical activity levels among adolescents: The HELENA study
Background
Evidence suggests possible synergetic effects of multiple lifestyle behaviors on health risks like obesity and other health outcomes. Therefore it is important to investigate associations between dietary and physical activity behavior, the two most important lifestyle behaviors influencing our energy balance and body composition. The objective of the present study is to describe the relationship between energy, nutrient and food intake and the physical activity level among a large group of European adolescents.
Methods
The study comprised a total of 2176 adolescents (46.2% male) from ten European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls and self-reported questionnaires respectively. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare the energy and nutrient intake and the food consumption between groups of adolescents with different physical activity levels (1st to 3rd tertile).
Results
In both sexes no differences were found in energy intake between the levels of physical activity. The most active males showed a higher intake of polysaccharides, protein, water and vitamin C and a lower intake of saccharides compared to less active males. Females with the highest physical activity level consumed more polysaccharides compared to their least active peers. Male and female adolescents with the highest physical activity levels, consumed more fruit and milk products and less cheese compared to the least active adolescents. The most active males showed higher intakes of vegetables and meat, fish, eggs, meat substitutes and vegetarian products compared to the least active ones. The least active males reported the highest consumption of grain products and potatoes. Within the female group, significantly lower intakes of bread and cereal products and spreads were found for those reporting to spend most time in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The consumption of foods from the remaining food groups, did not differ between the physical activity levels in both sexes.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that dietary habits diverge between adolescents with different self-reported physical activity levels. For some food groups a difference in intake could be found, which were reflected in differences in some nutrient intakes. It can also be concluded that physically active adolescents are not always inclined to eat healthier diets than their less active peers.The HELENA study took place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOOD-CT: 2005-007034). This work was also partially supported by the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (ALPHA project, Ref: 2006120), the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS), the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2007-1124, and EX-2008-0641), and the Spanish Ministry of Health, Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (number RD08/0072) (JPRL, LAM)
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