Protection des forêts contre l'incendie et système d'information géographique : application à la commune d'Auribeau-sur-Siagne (Alpes Maritimes)

L'évaluation du risque-feu constitue la première étape du P.Z.S.I.F. ; pour cela, un Système d'informations géographiques en mode-image a été mis en route afin d'évaluer de la manière la plus objective possible l'intensité du risque d'incendies de forêts ; ce travail débouchera sur le zonage prévu par la Loi. L'usage du S.I.G. n'exclut pas les autres méthodes graphiques de traitement de données anciennes permettant de comprendre l'histoire des paysages de la commune

Planck intermediate results. VIII. Filaments between interacting clusters

About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of filaments of hot and low density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories which are limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low density medium. The Planck satellite has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for studying extended low density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Cluster pairs are good candidates for searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of clusters and the Planck data, we select physical pairs of clusters as candidates. Using the Planck data we construct a local map of the tSZ effect centered on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data is used to construct X-ray maps of these pairs. After having modelled and subtracted the tSZ effect and X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair we study the residuals on both the SZ and X-ray maps. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of kT = 7.1 +- 0.9, keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density of (3.7 +- 0.2)x10^-4, cm^-3. The Planck satellite mission has provided the first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas.Comment: Accepted by A&

A subset of epithelioid and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas is associated with TFCP2 fusions and common ALK upregulation

Rhabdomyosarcomas with TFCP2 fusions represent an emerging subtype of tumors, initially discovered by RNA-sequencing. We report herein the clinicopathological, transcriptional, and genomic features of a series of 14 cases. Cases were retrospectively and prospectively recruited and studied by immunohistochemistry (MYF4, MYOD1, S100, AE1/E3, ALK), fluorescence in situ hybridization with TFCP2 break-apart probe (n = 10/14), array-comparative genomic hybridization (Agilent), whole RNA-sequencing (Truseq Exome, Illumina), or anchored multiplex PCR-based targeted next-generation sequencing (Archer (R) FusionPlex (R) Sarcoma kit). Patient's age ranged between 11 and 86 years, including 5 pediatric cases. Tumors were located in the bone (n = 12/14) and soft tissue (n = 2/14). Most bone tumors invaded surrounding soft tissue. Craniofacial bones were over-represented (n = 8/12). Median survival was 8 months and five patients are currently alive with a median follow-up of 20 months. Most tumors displayed a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid pattern with frequent vesicular nuclei. All tumors expressed keratins and showed a rhabdomyogenic phenotype (defined as expression of MYF4 and/or MYOD1). ALK was overexpressed in all but three cases without underlying ALK fusion on break-apart FISH (n = 5) nor next-generation sequencing (n = 14). ALK upregulation was frequently associated with an internal deletion at genomic level. TFCP2 was fused in 5 ' either to EWSR1 (n = 6) or FUS (n = 8). EWSR1 was involved in both soft tissue cases. FISH with TFCP2 break-apart probe was positive in all tested cases (n = 8), including one case with unbalanced signal. On array-CGH, all tested tumors displayed complex genetic profiles with genomic indexes ranging from 13 to 107.55 and recurrent CDKN2A deletions. FET-TFCP2 rhabdomyosarcomas clustered together and distinctly from other rhabdomyosarcomas subgroups. Altogether, our data confirm and expand the spectrum of the new family of FET-TFCP2 rhabdomyosarcomas, which are associated with a predilection for the craniofacial bones, an aggressive course, and recurrent pathological features. Their association with ALK overexpression might represent a therapeutic vulnerability.Imaging- and therapeutic targets in neoplastic and musculoskeletal inflammatory diseas

Planck intermediate results V : Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

This article has an erratum: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220040ePeer reviewe

Planck intermediate results X. Physics of the hot gas in the Coma cluster

We present an analysis of Planck satellite data on the Coma cluster observed via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Thanks to its great sensitivity, Planck is able, for the first time, to detect SZ emission up to r ≈ 3 × R500. We test previously proposed spherically symmetric models for the pressure distribution in clusters against the azimuthally averaged data. In particular, we find that the Arnaud et al. (2010, A&A, 517, A92) "universal" pressure profile does not fit Coma, and that their pressure profile for merging systems provides a reasonable fit to the data only at r R500 than the mean pressure profile predicted by the simulations used to constrain the models. The Planck image shows significant local steepening of the y profile in two regions about half a degree to the west and to the south-east of the cluster centre. These features are consistent with the presence of shock fronts at these radii, and indeed the western feature was previously noticed in the ROSAT PSPC mosaic as well as in the radio. Using Plancky profiles extracted from corresponding sectors we find pressure jumps of 4.9-0.2+0.4 and 5.0-0.1+1.3 in the west and south-east, respectively. Assuming Rankine-Hugoniot pressure jump conditions, we deduce that the shock waves should propagate with Mach number Mw = 2.03-0.04+0.09 and Mse = 2.05-0.02+0.25 in the west and south-east, respectively. Finally, we find that the y and radio-synchrotron signals are quasi-linearly correlated on Mpc scales, with small intrinsic scatter. This implies either that the energy density of cosmic-ray electrons is relatively constant throughout the cluster, or that the magnetic fields fall off much more slowly with radius than previously thought. © 2013 ESO

L'aménagement des pentes et des sols dans les Alpes-Maritimes et le Var

The development of slopes and their soils terrace cultivation, developed fields, gentle slopes, stone clearings constitute an important feature of the landscape of these regions. Their location within a "commune " can be explained by the interplay of such factors as altitude, exposure, the nature of the slopes and soils, technical means; the main factor being the proximity to or the distance away from an inhabited locality. The way in which they are arranged could be the result of both the increase in population in the 16 th and 17 th centuries and a specialization of some soils on the slopes. Their resistance to linear erosion is quite clear, but they are in fact already subject to surface erosion. The forms of ground are arranged around the inhabited locality, first according to the extent or limited nature of the development ; secondly to their size, differences in level, hori- zontality; and finally to the geometric limits and the presence of piles of stones resulting from stone-clearing. They can be considered as a morphological and spatial test of the intensive utilization - past or present - of the slopes and their soils.Les aménagements des pentes et des sols (terrasses de culture, champs aménagés, pentes douces, épierrements) sont un élément important des paysages de ces départements. Leur localisation dans les finages s'explique par le jeu de facteurs tels que l'altitude, l'exposition, la valeur des pentes, les sols, les techniques, la nature des cultures, et, en premier lieu, la proximité ou l'éloignement d'un centre habité. Leur façonnement pourrait résulter tout à la fois des poussées démographiques des XVI-XVIIème siècles et d'une spécialisation de certains terroirs. Leur résistance à l'érosion linéaire est certaine, mais ils subissent toujours une érosion aréolaire. Une zonation des formes s'ordonne par rapport au centre habité, en fonction de l'extension ou du caractère ponctuel des aménagements, de leur largeur, dénivellation, horizontalité, du caractère géométrique des limites, de l'existence de tas d'épierrement. Ils sont un critère spatial et morphologique de l'intensivité de la mise en valeur, passée ou présente, des pentes et des sols.Castex J.M. L'aménagement des pentes et des sols dans les Alpes-Maritimes et le Var. In: Méditerranée, troisième série, tome 47, 1-1983. pp. 3-15

Effets des pluies des 25-26 septembre 1981 sur les aménagements des pentes au nord-ouest de Nice (Alpes-Maritimes)

Slopes partly converted for the growing of vine and flowers received particularly heavy rain. The resistance of the different sorts ot converted grounds varied according to the extent ot the level surfaces and the volume of filled up grounds. Yet not converted slopes mainly were touched by mud avalanches and lanslides.Des versants partiellement aménagés pour la culture de la vigne et des fleurs ont reçu des précipitations d'intensité exceptionnelle. La résistance des divers types d'aménagements a varié en fonction de la largeur des plans et du volume de terre remblayée. Mais, coulées boueuses et glissements ont surtout affecté des versants non aménagés.Castex J.M. Effets des pluies des 25-26 septembre 1981 sur les aménagements des pentes au nord-ouest de Nice (Alpes-Maritimes). In: Méditerranée, troisième série, tome 56, 4-1985. pp. 69-75

Protection des forêts contre l'incendie et système d'information géographique : application à la commune d'Auribeau-sur-Siagne (Alpes Maritimes)

International audienceL'évaluation du risque-feu constitue la première étape du P.Z.S.I.F. ; pour cela, un Système d'informations géographiques en mode-image a été mis en route afin d'évaluer de la manière la plus objective possible l'intensité du risque d'incendies de forêts ; ce travail débouchera sur le zonage prévu par la Loi. L'usage du S.I.G. n'exclut pas les autres méthodes graphiques de traitement de données anciennes permettant de comprendre l'histoire des paysages de la commune

Systèmes d'Information. Géographique et gestion des espaces forestiers et sub-forrestiers. Les Plans de Zones Sensibles aux Incendies de Forêt dans les Alpes-Maritimes (1ère partie)

Dagorne A., Foucault B., Duché Y., Castex J.-M., Ottavi J.-Y. Systèmes d'Information. Géographique et gestion des espaces forestiers et sub-forrestiers. Les Plans de Zones Sensibles aux Incendies de Forêt dans les Alpes-Maritimes (1ère partie). In: L'information géographique, volume 59, n°5, 1995. pp. 196-197