Wavelet-Petrov-Galerkin Method for the Numerical Solution of the KdV Equation

The development of numerical techniques for obtaining approximate solutions of partial differential equations has very much increased in the last decades. Among these techniques are the finite element methods and finite difference. Recently, wavelet methods are applied to the numerical solution of partial differential equations, pioneer works in this direction are those of Beylkin, Dahmen, Jaffard and Glowinski, among others. In this paper, we employ the Wavelet-Petrov-Galerkin method to obtain the numerical solution of the equation Korterweg-de Vries (KdV).The development of numerical techniques for obtaining approximate solutions of partial differential equations has very much increased in the last decades. Among these techniques are the finite element methods and finite difference. Recently, wavelet methods are applied to the numerical solution of partial differential equations, pioneer works in this direction are those of Beylkin, Dahmen, Jaffard and Glowinski, among others. In this paper, we employ the Wavelet-Petrov-Galerkin method to obtain the numerical solution of the equation Korterweg-de Vries (KdV)

Non-arboreal angiosperms of a humid tropical forest in the colombian Andean-Amazon piedmont.

Objetivo: Realizar el inventario de las angiospermas no arbóreas del bosque El Caraño, localizado en el piedemonte Andino Amazónico de Colombia, el cual incluye la lista de especies, síndromes de dispersión, categorías de amenaza, endémismos y novedades corológicas. Alcance: Caracterizar las angiospermas no arbóreas de El Caraño como herramienta de ordenamiento territorial. Metodología: Se recolectaron muestras botánicas entre junio de 2015 y mayo de 2016, registrando sus hábitos de crecimiento y recopilando información sobre sus síndromes de dispersión, categorías de amenaza, endemismos y novedades corológicas. Principales resultados: Se registran 319 taxones, pertenecientes a 165 géneros y 68 familias, las eudicotiledóneas representan el 58% de la flora, mientras que las monocotiledóneas y angiospermas basales agrupan el 35% y 7% respectivamente. Araceae presenta el mayor número de géneros y especies (6/31). Piper andakiensis y Philodendron edwinii son endémicas, 49 especies son novedades corológicas para el departamento del Caquetá y 19 para la Amazonia colombiana. Adicionalmente, tres especies nuevas están siendo descritas. Treinta taxones registran alguna categoría de amenaza, de los cuales Orchidaceae registró el mayor número de especies en peligro de extinción (21 spp.). La zoocoria se presentó como el síndrome de dispersión dominante (72% de las especies). Conclusiones: La diversidad florística de El Caraño representa una transición entre la Amazonia y los Andes, lo cual se señala no solo por su composición, sino también, por el considerable número de taxones registrados. Lo anterior, sumado a las especies endémicas, novedades corológicas y taxonómicas, contrasta con los pocos taxones evaluados que cuentan con alguna categoría de riesgo y a la avanzada deforestación de la zona, promoviendo que la ignorancia de estos recursos derive en la perdida de la flora colombiana. Se espera que este documento soporte futuros programas de conservación y ordenamiento del territorio, basados en la diversidad de su flora y endemismo.Objectives: To carry out the inventory of the non-arboreal angiosperms of El Caraño forest, located in the Andean-Amazon piedmont of Colombia which includes the list of species, dispersion syndromes, threat category, endemism and corological novelties. Scope: To characterize the non-arboreal angiosperm of El Caraño as a territorial ordering tool. Methodology: Botanical samples were collected between June 2015 and May 2016, recording their growth habits, dispersion syndromes, threat categories, endemism, and corological novelties. Main results: A total of 319 taxa belonging to 165 genera and 68 families was recorded; eudicots represent 58% of the flora, while monocots and basal angiosperms group 35% and 7% respectively. Araceae presents the highest number of genera and species (6/31). Piper andakiensis and Philodendron edwinii are endemic; 49 species represent corological novelties for the Department of Caquetá and 19 for the Colombian Amazon. Additionally, three new species are described. Thirty taxa registered some threat category from which Orchidaceae recorded the highest number of endangered species (21 spp.). Zoocoria was presented as the dominant dispersion syndrome (72% of the species). Conclusions: The floristic diversity registered in El Caraño represents a transition between the Amazon and the Andes which is indicated not only by its composition, but also by the considerable number of registered taxa. The foregoing, added to the endemic species, the corological and taxonomic novelties contrasts with the few evaluated taxa that have some threat category and with the advanced deforestation of the area, promoting that the lack of knowledge of this resources derive in the loss of Colombian flora. This document is expected to support future programs of conservation and territorial planning based on the diversity of its flora and its endemism

Evaluación de la calidad de la educación primaria y secundaria en Bogotá factores asociados al logro académico : informe final

El presente documento presenta los resultados del estudio de los factores asociados al logro académico de los alumnos de primaria y de secundaria de los establecimientos educativos en Bogotá. El análisis enfatiza El análisis enfatiza los factores institucionales relacionados con la organización y la gestión escolar. La gestión gerencial y administrativa comprende las decisiones sobre la cantidad y la combinación específica de recursos que requiere la institución y su disponibilidad, la forma y oportunidad de su distribución. Ambas constituyen el soporte de la gestión pedagógica y de la práctica docente

String and string-inspired phenomenology

In these lectures I review the progress made over the last few years in the subject of string and string-inspired phenomenology. I take a practical approach, thereby concentrating more on explicit examples rather than on formal developments. Topics covered include: introduction to string theory, the free-fermionic formulation and its general features, generic conformal field theory properties, $SU(5)\times U(1)$ GUT and string model-building, supersymmetry breaking, the bottom-up approach to string-inspired models, radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, the determination of the allowed parameter space of supergravity models and the experimental constraints on this class of models, and prospects for direct and indirect tests of string-inspired models. (Lectures delivered at the XXII ITEP International Winter School of Physics, Moscow, Russia, February 22 -- March 2, 1994)Comment: CTP-TAMU-17/94, 39 pages (latex), 27 figures (not included). Figures are available via anonymous ftp from hplaa02.cern.ch (/pub/lopez) as one uuencoded file (MoscowFigs.uu, 1.31MB

Breaking the photoswitch speed limit

The forthcoming generation of materials, including artificial muscles, recyclable and healable systems, photochromic heterogeneous catalysts, or tailorable supercapacitors, relies on the fundamental concept of rapid switching between two or more discrete forms in the solid state. Herein, we report a breakthrough in the “speed limit” of photochromic molecules on the example of sterically-demanding spiropyran derivatives through their integration within solvent-free confined space, allowing for engineering of the photoresponsive moiety environment and tailoring their photoisomerization rates. The presented conceptual approach realized through construction of the spiropyran environment results in ~1000 times switching enhancement even in the solid state compared to its behavior in solution, setting a record in the field of photochromic compounds. Moreover, integration of two distinct photochromic moieties in the same framework provided access to a dynamic range of rates as well as complementary switching in the material’s optical profile, uncovering a previously inaccessible pathway for interstate rapid photoisomerization.</p

Prognostic significance of FLT3-ITD length in AML patients treated with intensive regimens

FLT3-ITD mutations are detected in approximately 25% of newly diagnosed adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and confer an adverse prognosis. The FLT3-ITD allelic ratio has clear prognostic value. Nevertheless, there are numerous manuscripts with contradictory results regarding the prognostic relevance of the length and insertion site (IS) of the FLT3-ITD fragment. We aimed to assess the prognostic impact of these variables on the complete remission (CR) rates, overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of AML patients with FLT3-ITDmutations. We studied the FLT3-ITD length of 362 adult AML patients included in the PETHEMA AML registry. We tried to validate the thresholds of ITD length previously published (i.e., 39 bp and 70 bp) in intensively treated AML patients (n = 161). We also analyzed the mutational profile of 118 FLT3-ITD AML patients with an NGS panel of 39 genes and correlated mutational status with the length and IS of ITD. The AUC of the ROC curve of the ITD length for OS prediction was 0.504, and no differences were found when applying any of the thresholds for OS, RFS or CR rate. Only four out of 106 patients had ITD IS in the TKD1 domain. Our results, alongside previous publications, confirm that FLT3-ITD length lacks prognostic value and clinical applicability. © 2021, The Author(s)

SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Lung Edema and Replication Are Diminished by Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators

20 Pág.Coronaviruses (CoVs) of genera α, β, γ, and δ encode proteins that have a PDZ-binding motif (PBM) consisting of the last four residues of the envelope (E) protein (PBM core). PBMs may bind over 400 cellular proteins containing PDZ domains (an acronym formed by the combination of the first letter of the names of the three first proteins where this domain was identified), making them relevant for the control of cell function. Three highly pathogenic human CoVs have been identified to date: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. The PBMs of the three CoVs were virulence factors. SARS-CoV mutants in which the E protein PBM core was replaced by the E protein PBM core from virulent or attenuated CoVs were constructed. These mutants showed a gradient of virulence, depending on whether the alternative PBM core introduced was derived from a virulent or an attenuated CoV. Gene expression patterns in the lungs of mice infected with SARS-CoVs encoding each of the different PBMs were analyzed by RNA sequencing of infected lung tissues. E protein PBM of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 dysregulated gene expression related to ion transport and cell homeostasis. Decreased expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA, essential for alveolar edema resolution, was shown. Reduced CFTR mRNA levels were associated with edema accumulation in the alveoli of mice infected with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Compounds that increased CFTR expression and activity, significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 growth in cultured cells and protected against mouse infection, suggesting that E protein virulence is mediated by a decreased CFTR expression. IMPORTANCE Three highly pathogenic human CoVs have been identified: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The E protein PBMs of these three CoVs were virulence factors. Gene expression patterns associated with the different PBM motifs in the lungs of infected mice were analyzed by deep sequencing. E protein PBM motif of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 dysregulated the expression of genes related to ion transport and cell homeostasis. A decrease in the mRNA expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is essential for edema resolution, was observed. The reduction of CFTR mRNA levels was associated with edema accumulation in the lungs of mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Compounds that increased the expression and activity of CFTR drastically reduced the production of SARS-CoV-2 and protected against its infection in a mice model. These results allowed the identification of cellular targets for the selection of antivirals.This work was supported by grants from the Government of Spain (BIO2016-75549-R; PID2019-107001RB-I00 AEI/FEDER, UE; SEV 2017-0712 and PIE_INTRAMURAL_LINEA 1- 202020E079), CSIC (PIE_INTRAMURAL-202020E043), the European Zoonotic Anticipation and Preparedness Initiative (ZAPI) (IMI_JU_115760), the European Commission (H2020-SC1- 2019, ISOLDA Project No. 848166-2), and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2P01AI060699). J.M.H. received a contract from Comunidad de Madrid (Y2020/BIO-6576, COVID-PREclinical-MODels-CM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. In vivo experiments were performed at INIA-CISA (Madrid, Spain)Peer reviewe

First Colombian Multicentric Newborn Screening for Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Congenital toxoplasmosis can result in permanent sequel as blindness or neurological damage in children and it seems to be more severe in South America than in other continents. There is a lack of information about this frequency in Colombia, where no control program is established, although it is a recognized cause of potentially preventable congenital blindness. We propose the first Colombian multicentric study to determine the frequency and impact of congenital toxoplasmosis. More than 15,000 newborns in seven cities were studied. Newborns were tested at birth by doing a cord blood test for toxoplasmosis. Additionally, children from mothers with history of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy were recalled for a follow-up. The program identified fifteen children otherwise undiagnosed; three of these children died as consequence of congenital toxoplasmosis. The frequency of the congenital infection varied significantly between cities, being higher in Armenia and Florencia, intermediate in Bogota, Bucaramanga and Barranquilla and very low in western cities such as Cucuta and Riohacha. For the first time a significant correlation was found between mean rainfall at the city and the incidence of this congenital infection

Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning