Desarrollo del lenguaje como facilitador social en tres niños con discapacidad auditiva de la ciudad de Ibagué

Entrevistas, formatos de consentimientos, preguntas generadorasEl objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es analizar el desarrollo del lenguaje como facilitador social en 3 niños con discapacidad auditiva de la ciudad de Ibagué, pertenecientes a la institución educativa Niño Jesús de Praga (ITSOR); se observó a los niños en sus tres contextos primordiales familiar, escolar y pares, que permiten evaluar su contexto social y este a su vez, logra el desarrollo de lenguaje como lo propone Bruner, J (1969) quien ha desarrollado una teoría constructivista del aprendizaje, en la que, entre otras cosas, ha descrito el proceso de aprender, los distintos modos de representación y las características de una teoría de la instrucción; la teoría de la instrucción se ocupa de la forma en que lo que uno desea enseñar pueda ser mejor aprendido, de mejorar más que describir el aprendizaje. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativo y a través de las historias de vida se llegó a la conclusión que el Sistemas de Apoyo a la Adquisición del Lenguaje (LASS) es importante para la adquisición del lenguaje, en cuanto los procesos de representación (Enactivo, Icónico, y Simbólico) se dan sin oralidad porque el lenguaje es un acto comunicativo.The objective of this research project is to analyze the development of language as social facilitator in 3 children with hearing impairment in the city of Ibague, belonging to the school Infant Jesus of Prague (ITSOR) children was observed in three contexts primary family, school and peers, which to assess its social context and this in turn, manages the development of language as proposed by Bruner, J (1969) who has developed a constructivist theory of learning, in which, among other things, described the process of learning, the different modes of representation and the characteristics of a theory of instruction, instructional theory deals with the way I want to teach you to be better learned, to improve rather than describing the learning. This research is qualitative and through the life stories is concluded that the Support System Language Acquisition (LASS) is important for language acquisition, as the processes of representation (enactive, iconic, and symbolic) are given without orality because language is a communicative act

La red literaria de París no se acaba nunca de Enrique Vila-Matas : un acto de lectura e interpretación

Este trabajo pretende realizar un acto de lectura e interpretación del texto de Enrique Vila-Matas París no se acaba nunca (2003). La lectura se sitúa desde la perspectiva concreta y delimitada de la red literaria que se teje en el novela. La metáfora de la red, atendiendo a sus tres acepciones: red como tejido, red como ardid y red como conexión, da las directrices del trabajo que intenta responder a estas cuestiones: a) qué hilos forman su tejido narrativo, b) cómo se configura la red, c) qué posibles mecanismos establecen la red como conexión. La lectura se inscribe en el doble marco de la intertextualidad y de la ironía. A través de las citas, alusiones y referencias literarias se destacan algunos procedimientos e intencionalidades en la configuración de la novelística de Enrique Vila-Matas, en su Manifiesto estéticoAquest treball pretén realitzar un acte de lectura i interpretació del text d'Enrique Vila-Matas París no se acaba nunca (2003). La lectura se situa des de la perspectiva concreta i delimitada de la xarxa literària que es teixeix en la novel·la. La metàfora de la xarxa, atenent a les seves tres accepcions: xarxa com a teixit, xarxa com a ardit i xarxa com a connexió, dóna les directrius del treball que intenta respondre a aquestes qüestions: a) quins fils formen el seu teixit narratiu, b) com es configura la xarxa, c) quins possibles mecanismes estableixen la xarxa com a connexió. La lectura s'inscriu en el doble marc de la intertextualitat i de la ironia. A través de les cites, al·lusions i referències literàries es destaquen alguns procediments i intencionalitats en la configuració de la novel·lística d'Enrique Vila-Matas, en el seu Manifest estèti

Pharmacology and clinical drug candidates in redox medicine

SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is suggested to be a disease mechanism common to a wide range of disorders affecting human health. However, so far, the pharmacotherapeutic exploitation of this, for example, based on chemical scavenging of pro-oxidant molecules, has been unsuccessful. Recent Advances: An alternative emerging approach is to target the enzymatic sources of disease-relevant oxidative stress. Several such enzymes and isoforms have been identified and linked to different pathologies. For some targets, the respective pharmacology is quite advanced, that is, up to late-stage clinical development or even on the market; for others, drugs are already in clinical use, although not for indications based on oxidative stress, and repurposing seems to be a viable option. CRITICAL ISSUES For all other targets, reliable preclinical validation and drug ability are key factors for any translation into the clinic. In this study, specific pharmacological agents with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles are still lacking. Moreover, these enzymes also serve largely unknown physiological functions and their inhibition may lead to unwanted side effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The current promising data based on new targets, drugs, and drug repurposing are mainly a result of academic efforts. With the availability of optimized compounds and coordinated efforts from academia and industry scientists, unambiguous validation and translation into proof-of-principle studies seem achievable in the very near future, possibly leading towards a new era of redox medicine

Elucidating the Effect of Nutritional Imbalances of N and K on the Infection of Verticillium dahliae in Olive

The effect of mineral nutrition on wilt diseases has been previously reported in many herbaceous hosts, though such an effect on Verticillium wilt in olive (Olea europaea L.; VWO), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is still uncertain. Field observations reveal that nitrogen (N) excess or imbalances of N-potassium (K) favour VWO epidemics. However, this has yet to be demonstrated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of nutritional imbalances of N and K in V. dahliae infection of olive. To this end, adjusted treatments with N excess (↑N+↑Na), K deficiency (↓K) and their combination (↑N+↑Na+↓K) were evaluated on the viability of V. dahliae microsclerotia (MS), as well as on disease development in olive plants. In parallel, the potential indirect effect of the treatments on the viability of conidia and MS of V. dahliae was evaluated through the stimuli of root exudates. Treatments ↑N+↑Na and ↑N+↑Na+↓K decreased MS germination and disease progress, whereas ↓K significantly increased both parameters. Root exudates from treated plants increased the conidia germination of V. dahliae but reduced the MS germination. The results of this study will be the basis for planning further research towards a better understanding of the effect of mineral nutrition on VWO

Impacts of Early Holocene environmental dynamics on open-air occupation patterns in the Western Mediterranean: insights from El Arenal de la Virgen (Alicante, Spain)

Open-air sites represent a fundamental proxy of the Early Holocene adaptive systems in the Iberian Peninsula. However, its research potential for the study of human–environmental interactions has been minimally explored. In this work, we present the results of an integrated research programme focused on open-area excavations at the Mesolithic site of Arenal de la Virgen (Alicante, Spain). Novel multi-scalar geoarchaeological and archaeo-stratigraphic studies, coupled with featured-based palaeobotanical analysis, were used to design an extensive radiocarbon dating programme and produce different Bayesian chronological models. Our results distinguish two different Mesolithic occupation phases, dating to 9.3–9.1 and 8.6–8.3k cal a bp respectively, consisting of combustion features and lithic scatters. The comparison of occupational dynamics with the nearby palaeoecological records of Salines and Villena indicated that both Mesolithic phases occurred under relatively stable environmental conditions. The second Mesolithic phase, however, ended during the onset of the 8.2k cal a bp climatic event, when sedimentation processes shifted from soil formation to accretion of aeolian sands. We demonstrate that the end of the Mesolithic occupations at Arenal de la Virgen coincides with the cessation of radiocarbon-dated activity in other open-air Postglacial sites in the central Mediterranean region of Iberia.This research is primarily part of a project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 683018) to JFLdP. Additional analyses on the pollen data sets have been produced in the context of the research project HAR2017-88503-P supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. JFLdP is additionally supported by the Plan Gen-T programme (Ref.CIDEGENT-18/040) from the Generalitat Valenciana. JRR is currently supported by a Margarita Salas fellowship (ref. MARSALAS21-22) at the University of Alicante, and AP-D is holder of a María Zambrano fellowship at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) both funded by the European Union-Next Gene and the Ministry of Universities (Government of Spain)

La educación moral ante el reto de la sostenibilidad

Ante los indicadores de insostenibilidad ambiental y social, se busca un enfoque educativo eficaz que contribuya a revertirla. A tal efecto, se propone una educación moral, que no se centre tanto en contenidos como en facilitar que cada estudiante aprenda a buscarlos, hacerlos propios y los traduzca en compromisos de conducta personal. La propuesta educativa se presenta ejemplificada en una asignatura concreta, que sirve de hilo expositivo y ejemplo de aplicación. Tras una breve introducción sobre los indicadores de insostenibilidad, se presenta la planificación, metodología y objetivo de la asignatura. A continuación, se reflexiona sobre dos de los obstáculos a los que se enfrenta la educación moral en la actualidad: la fragmentación del saber y la dificultad para que los aprendizajes teóricos se traduzcan en conductas. Por último, se exploran dos oportunidades para la educación moral que pueden facilitar ese vínculo: la búsqueda de las causas profundas de problemas ambientales y sociales actuales, y el empleo de la belleza.Current indicators of environmental and social unsustainability point out the need of effective educational approaches that revert those trends. From this viewpoint, we propose a focus on moral education, which does not just aim to transmitting academic contents but to helping each student individually explore and acquire them, to originate personal commitments that concern personal behavior. To explain and illustrate this, we describe the example of a specific course. After introducing some sustainability indicators, we describe the planning, methodology and objective of the course. Afterwards, we analyze two obstacles for moral education: fragmented knowledge of the world, and the difficulty of helping the students link knowledge and personal, moral behavior. Finally, we explore two opportunities for helping students build such connection: using sustainability indicators to look for deep causes of current unsustainable behaviors, and using beauty to look for personal answers to such problems

Reactive oxygen-related diseases: therapeutic targets and emerging clinical indications

SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with different disease states. Most attempts to validate and exploit these associations by chronic antioxidant therapies have provided disappointing results. Hence, the clinical relevance of ROS is still largely unclear. RECENT ADVANCES We are now beginning to understand the reasons for these failures, which reside in the many important physiological roles of ROS in cell signaling. To exploit ROS therapeutically, it would be essential to define and treat the disease-relevant ROS at the right moment and leave physiological ROS formation intact. This breakthrough seems now within reach. CRITICAL ISSUES Rather than antioxidants, a new generation of protein targets for classical pharmacological agents includes ROS-forming or toxifying enzymes or proteins that are oxidatively damaged and can be functionally repaired. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Linking these target proteins in future to specific disease states and providing in each case proof of principle will be essential for translating the oxidative stress concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 1171-1185

Ghrelin causes a decline in GABA release by reducing fatty acid oxidation in cortex

Lipid metabolism, specifically fatty acid oxidation (FAO) mediated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1A, has been described to be an important actor of ghrelin action in hypothalamus. However, it is not known whether CPT1A and FAO mediate the effect of ghrelin on the cortex. Here, we show that ghrelin produces a differential effect on CPT1 activity and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in the hypothalamus and cortex of mice. In the hypothalamus, ghrelin enhances CPT1A activity while GABA transaminase (GABAT) activity, a key enzyme in GABA shunt metabolism, is unaltered. However, in cortex CPT1A activity and GABAT activity are reduced after ghrelin treatment. Furthermore, in primary cortical neurons, ghrelin reduces GABA release through a CPT1A reduction. By using CPT1A floxed mice, we have observed that genetic ablation of CPT1A recapitulates the effect of ghrelin on GABA release in cortical neurons, inducing reductions in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, cell content of citrate and α-ketoglutarate, and GABA shunt enzyme activity. Taken together, these observations indicate that ghrelin-induced changes in CPT1A activity modulate mitochondrial function, yielding changes in GABA metabolism. This evidence suggests that the action of ghrelin on GABA release is region specific within the brain, providing a basis for differential effects of ghrelin in the central nervous system. Keywords: Ghrelin, GABA, Fatty acid oxidation, CPT1A, Cortical neuron