Association between cognitive impairment and criteria for frailty syndrome among older adults

OBJECTIVE: The association between cognitive impairment and physical frailty has been studied in older adults. The criteria degree of frailty may be keys to associated cognitive impairment. To analyze the association between cognitive impairment and the criteria for frailty. METHODS: We cross-sectionally examined data from 667 older adults (≥60 years of age) from a study entitled 'Variables associated to cognition in elderly caregivers' involving patients in an urban and rural primary healthcare center. We defined cognitive impairment based on different groups of scores on the Mini Mental State Examination, and defined frailty and prefrailty using the criteria by the Cardiovascular Health Study. We performed multinomial regression models to analyze the association between levels of frailty and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Similar proportions of women (54.8%) and men (45.2%) participated in the study (mean age: 71 years old). We found cognitive impairment, prefrailty and frailty in 34, 54, and 24% of the participants, respectively. Concomitant cognitive impairment and frailty was found in 13% of them. The chances of cognitive impairment increased up to 330% (Odds Ratio [OR]: 4.3; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 2.4‒7.7; p<0.001) among frail individuals, and 70% (OR: 1.7; 95%CI 1.0‒2.8; p=0.033) among prefrail individuals compared to robust/non-frail individuals. After controlling for age, education, place of residence and functional dependence, slowness and fatigue criteria were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: Older adults with frailty have a greater likelihood of concomitant cognitive impairment than prefrail and robust older adults. The prevalence of cognitive impairment and frailty is consistent with data reported in literature. The present findings contribute to the investigation of cognitive frailty

Transgenic mosquito: from paper to reality

Vector-borne diseases are currently the worst challenge of public health in Brazil and worldwide, being the current control measures inefficient. Innovations concerning vector control point to a new perspective to handling with gene engineering, as they may interfere with disease transmission, preventing the pathogen to complete its cycle in the vector, ie, reducing mosquito population. We present some of the mean genetic tools available, SIT and RIDL for example. We discuss how these tools work, some risks and benefitsDoenças transmitidas por vetores são atualmente os maiores desafios da saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, sendo as atuais medidas de controle ineficientes. Inovações no âmbito do controle vetorial apontam para uma nova perspectiva com a manipulação genética, já que podem interferir na transmissão da doença, seja impedindo que o patógeno complete seu ciclo no vetor, como reduzindo a população de mosquitos vetores. Apresentamos algumas diretrizes das principais ferramentas disponíveis, SIT e RIDL por exemplo. Abordamos ainda a forma como estas ferramentas funcionam, alguns riscos e benefício

A eutanásia, Ã luz da DUBDH, no mundo e no Brasil

Euthanasia can be understood as the act, practiced by a third party, of intentionally ending the life of a person upon his/her request. This document analyzes some legislation on euthanasia around the word, in the light of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. It was documented that only four European countries have regulated some form of euthanasia. The Belgian legislation, enacted in 2002, does not violate the provisions of the Declaration. There are not, in Brazil, specific rules governing euthanasia, and initiatives in this area do not advance in Parliament. It is important these regulations to be related to the reality of each country, but preventing the main morality to be imposed on the morality of a vulnerable minority. The creation of a National Council on Bioethics in Brazil would be an important step to regulate such issues.A eutanásia pode ser entendida como o ato, praticado por um terceiro, que põe intencionalmente fim à vida de uma pessoa sob demanda desta. Este documento analisa algumas legislações internacionais a respeito, à luz da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos da Unesco. O referido documento serviu de base para muitos países europeus regular diferentes formas de eutanásia. Encontrou-se que a legislação belga, promulgada em 2002, não fere o disposto na Declaração e que não há, no Brasil, normativa específica que regulamente a eutanásia, além de que, iniciativas neste tema não avançam no parlamento nacional. É importante que as regulamentações do assunto se adequem à realidade de cada país, mas evitando que a visão moral majoritária sobre o assunto se imponha sobre a moralidade de uma minoria vulnerável. A criação de um Conselho Nacional de Bioética no Brasil seria importante passo para apoio à regulamentação da questão

Euthanasia, in the light of the UDBHR, around the world and in Brazil

A eutanásia pode ser entendida como o ato, praticado por um terceiro, que põe intencionalmente fim à vida de uma pessoa sob demanda desta. Este documento analisa algumas legislações internacionais a respeito, à luz da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos da Unesco. O referido documento serviu de base para muitos países europeus regular diferentes formas de eutanásia. Encontrou-se que a legislação belga, promulgada em 2002, não fere o disposto na Declaração e que não há, no Brasil, normativa específica que regulamente a eutanásia, além de que, iniciativas neste tema não avançam no parlamento nacional. É importante que as regulamentações do assunto se adequem à realidade de cada país, mas evitando que a visão moral majoritária sobre o assunto se imponha sobre a moralidade de uma minoria vulnerável. A criação de um Conselho Nacional de Bioética no Brasil seria importante passo para apoio à regulamentação da questão.Euthanasia can be understood as the act, practiced by a third party, of intentionally ending the life of a person upon his/her request. This document analyzes some legislation on euthanasia around the word, in the light of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. It was documented that only four European countries have regulated some form of euthanasia. The Belgian legislation, enacted in 2002, does not violate the provisions of the Declaration. There are not, in Brazil, specific rules governing euthanasia, and initiatives in this area do not advance in Parliament. It is important these regulations to be related to the reality of each country, but preventing the main morality to be imposed on the morality of a vulnerable minority. The creation of a National Council on Bioethics in Brazil would be an important step to regulate such issues

O conflito entre os direitos fundamentais a intimidade e a informação na ação direta de inconstitucionalidade nº 4.815/DF: o caso das biografias não autorizadas

A definição de critérios para auxiliar na resolução do conflito entre os direitos fundamentais a intimidade e a informação, no âmbito da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade nº 4.815/DF é o tema posto em debate, a partir da análise da eficácia dos direitos fundamentais na ordem jurídico-constitucional após a redemocratização brasileira e o método de resolução dos seus conflitos, a análise do papel da corte constitucional na proteção dos valores constitucionais e democráticos, a verificação da tensão dos referidos direitos na questão da publicação de biografias não autorizadas, os modelos de resolução de conflito e, por fim, a proposição de standards para a aplicação otimizada dos direitos fundamentais no referido caso concreto. Pretende-se demonstrar que embora adote-se o entendimento de inexistência de hierarquia axiológica entre os direitos fundamentais em conflito, o direito da informação irá trazer uma cadeia de argumentos que sustentam sua precedência, conquanto impregnado de valores que fortalecem e consolidam a democracia constitucional

Development and Validation Dissolution Analytical Method of Nimesulide beta-Cyclodextrin 400 mg Tablet

The nimesulide (N-(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide) belongs to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and category II of the biopharmaceutical classification, The complexation of nimesulide with b-cyclodextrin is a pharmacological strategy to increase the solubility of the drug The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical methodology for dissolving the nimesulide beta-cyclodextrin 400 mg tablet and meets the guidelines of ANVISA for drug registration purposes. Once developed, the dissolution methodology was validated according to the RE of parameters no. &nbsp;899/2003. In the development of the method it was noted that the duration of the dissolution test was 60 minutes, the volume and the most suitable dissolution medium was 900 mL of aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate 1% (w/ v). It was also noted that rotation of 100 rpm and the paddle apparatus was the most appropriate to evaluate the dissolution of the drug. Spectrophotometric methodology was used to quantify the percentage of dissolved drug. The wavelength was 390 nm using the quantification. The validation of the methodology, system suitability parameters, specificity/selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness were satisfactory and proved that the developed dissolution methodology was duly executed. DOI:&nbsp;http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i5.82

Tissue expresion of the genes mutyh and ogg1 in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer

sem informaçãoMTUYH and OGG1 genes have importance in the base excision repair systems of oxidized DNA bases. Modification of the tissue expression of these genes is related to the increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Aim: To evaluate the tissue expression o30298102sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Complicated acute diverticulitis: a clinical case report

Diverticular disease is a benign disease, with a good response to clinical treatment, based on changes in eating habits, greater fiber consumption, potent antibiotic therapy in the simplest inflammatory processes, and the use of interventional radiology in abscesses. A surgical indication is restricted to failure of clinical therapy and more severe forms of the disease, such as strictures, abscesses, and perforations. The present study aimed to present a clinical case report on acute diverticulosis of the left colon that progressed to a reconstruction of the intestinal transit

Epidemiological evaluation of notified cases of tuberculosis in Minas Gerais, Brasil / Avaliação epidemiológica de casos notificados de tuberculose em Minas Gerais, Brasil

Due to the situation of growing poverty in the state of Minas Gerais and the tuberculosis’ severity, a pathology associated with poor living conditions, it is necessary to study the incidence of new cases of this pathology so that public health measures can be taken to revert this scenario. So, the objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of notified cases of tuberculosis in the state of Minas Gerais between 2015 and 2020. The number of confirmed and notified cases of tuberculosis in the state of Minas Gerais from 2015 to 2020 was collected in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the IT department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS), through the Tabnet system. Between 2015 and 2020, 24717 new cases of tuberculosis were reported in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Regarding the year, 4053 occurred in 2015, 4071 in 2016, 4055 in 2017, 4214 in 2018, 4349 in 2019 and 3975 in 2020. For all of the foregoing, the great significance and need for attention focused on the prevention and treatment of Tuberculosis is highlighted

Sarcoidosis of the breast: an unusual clinical presentation

Introdução: a sarcoidose é uma doença granulomatosa sistêmica crônica de etiologia desconhecida. A mama pode ser envolvida em menos de 1% dos casos e, muitas vezes, imita os carcinomas ao exame clínico. Relato de caso: aqui, os autores relatam uma mulher de 54 anos que teve história de eritema nodoso, apresentou quadro clinico sugestivo de mastalgia, cuja mamografia e ultra-somapresentaram densidades parenquimatosas heterogêneas inespecíficas ilaterais. O estudo histopatológico revelou granulomas de células gigantes não-caseosos. Especificamente, os níveis séricos de enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) estavam elevados e uma TC apresentou pequenos nódulos pulmonares bilaterais distribuídos ao longo da pleura e feixes broncovasculares (padrãoperilinfático), porém sem gânglios bilaterais hilar e mediastinal. A paciente foi tratado com prednisolona e metotrexato, e atualmente está assintomática. Conclusão: o envolvimento mamário por sarcoidose, embora raro, deve ser considerado ao lidar com lesões granulomatosas da mama