Fisheries value chain in Bolivia's Northern Amazon : contributions of native species and an introduced species (paiche – Arapaima gigas)

Resumen en inglés incluidoLos recursos pesqueros de agua dulce de la Amazonía requieren ser estudiados con mayor atención, sobre todo por su valor alimenticio y por su potencial productivo. En Bolivia, las cadenas productivas de pescado han recibido poca atención tanto de los que diseñan las políticas públicas como de los mismos productores, lo cual hace que el sector pesquero no se haya desarrollado con la misma intensidad que otros sectores productivos. La presente investigación, de carácter plenamente participativo con los actores locales, caracteriza y evalúa las actividades pesqueras en el norte amazónico de Bolivia, abriendo así una importante brecha para la investigación - acción y para la definición de políticas de conservación y aprovechamiento sustentable. El estudio identifica los aspectos sociales y económicos de las cadenas productivas tanto de especies nativas como del paiche, especie introducida en la zona, dentro de los cuales se presentan una serie de conflictos como, por ejemplo, los que son el resultado de la falta de definición de los derechos de uso del recurso. Este trabajo contribuye al diseño de estrategias de manejo y conservación de los recursos pesqueros y de los ecosistemas acuáticos en Bolivia

Catálogo de los peces de la cuenca Iténez (Bolivia y Brasil)

Se presenta una lista de los peces de la cuenca Iténez elaborada en base a descripciones taxonómicas originales, registros bibliográficos y estudios recientes de investigadores de Brasil y Bolivia. Las especies fueron seleccionadas considerando cinco criterios de acuerdo con la confiabilidad de la fuente de referencia. Las citas de los taxones fueron acompañadas por observaciones vinculadas a su nomenclatura, distribución geográfica conocida y su registro para la cuenca Iténez. En total, 619 taxones de peces están citadas en la literatura. De estas, 556 especies fueron reconocidas como válidas y 63 tienen identificación incompleta o representan identificaciones dudosas debido a la incompatibilidad entre su área de distribución conocida y su presencia en la cuenca del río Iténez.E apresentada urna lista de espécies de peixes da bacia Iténez*, elaborada com base em descrigóes originais para a mesma, registros bibliográficos e estudos recentes realizados por pesquisadores do Brasil e Bolívia. As espécies foram selecionadas considerando cinco critérios relacionados à veracidade de sua fonte de referencia. As citagóes dos táxons foram acompanhadas por observagóes vinculadas á nomenclatura, à distribuigao conhecida do táxon e ao seu registro na bacia Iténez. Um total de 619 espécies de peixes foram registradas. Destas, 556 espécies foram identificadas como válidas e 63 táxons foram indicados com identificagao incerta ou foram consideradas duvidosas devido às divergencias entre a distribuigao geográfica conhecida para os taxons na literatura recente e seu registro na bacia Iténez.* Iténez e denominado rio Guaporé no Brasil.A check list of the fish species of the Iténez* river basin was compiled on the basis of original species descriptions, main references and recent studies by Bolivian and Brazilian researchers. The species list was based on five criteria ordered according to the reliability of the reference. The citations of taxa were followed by notes on the nomenclature or the divergences between the generally accepted distribution of each taxon and its ocurrence in the Iténez river basin. In total, 619 fish species were recorded in the literature. Of these, 556 species were categorized as valid. Sixty three citations were considered doubtful due to uncertain identification or incompatibility between their original known geographical distribution range and their records in the Iténez river basin.* The Iténez river is known as Guaporé river in Brasil

Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams

Andes-to-Amazon river connectivity controls numerous natural and human systems in the greater Amazon. However, it is being rapidly altered by a wave of new hydropower development, the impacts of which have been previously underestimated. We document 142 dams existing or under construction and 160 proposed dams for rivers draining the Andean headwaters of the Amazon. Existing dams have fragmented the tributary networks of six of eight major Andean Amazon river basins. Proposed dams could result in significant losses in river connectivity in river mainstems of five of eight major systems—the Napo, Marañón, Ucayali, Beni, and Mamoré. With a newly reported 671 freshwater fish species inhabiting the Andean headwaters of the Amazon (>500 m), dams threaten previously unrecognized biodiversity, particularly among endemic and migratory species. Because Andean rivers contribute most of the sediment in the mainstem Amazon, losses in river connectivity translate to drastic alteration of river channel and floodplain geomorphology and associated ecosystem services

Age and growth of the Amazonian migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii in the Madeira River basin before the construction of dams

The goliath catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii has crucial economical and ecological functions in the Amazon basin. Although its life history characteristics have been studied in the Amazon, there is little information in the Madeira River basin, which holds genetically distinct populations and where dams were recently built. Using fish collected in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, this study provides a validation of growth rings deposition and details the growth patterns of B. rousseauxii in the Madeira before the dams' construction. Age structure and growth parameters were determined from 497 otolith readings. The species exhibits two growth rings per year and sampled fish were between 0 and 16 years old. In the Brazilian portion of the basin, mainly young individuals below 5 years old were found, whereas older fish (> 5 years) were caught only in the Bolivian and Peruvian stretches, indicating that after migrating upstream to reproduce, adults remain in the headwaters of the Madeira River. Comparing with previous publications, B. rousseauxii had a slower growth and 20 cm lower maximum standard length in the Madeira River than in the Amazon River. This study provides a baseline for future evaluation of changes in population dynamics of the species following dams closure.Santo Antonio Energia (SAE)Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UNIR)Instituto de Estudos e Pesquisas Agroambientais e Organizacoes Sustentaveis (IEPAGRO)CAPES [1402376, 047/2012, 6632/14-9]CNPq [204344/2015-8]Foundation of Support to Research of the Amazon [PAREV/FAPEAM 019/2010]FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) [2016/07910-0]Univ Fed Rondonia UNIR, Dept Biol, Lab Ictiol & Pesca, BR 364,Km 9,5, BR-76801059 Porto Velho, RO, BrazilPrograma Posgrad Rede Biodiversidade & Biotechnol, BR 364,Km 9,5, BR-76801059 Porto Velho, RO, BrazilUAGRM, IRD, IIAP, LMI,EDIA, Montpellier, FranceINPA, Av Andre Araujo 2936, BR-69067375 Manaus, AM, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas UFAL, Av Lourival Melo Mota,S-N Tabuleiro Martins, BR-57072900 Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Rua Doutor Carvalho Mendonca 144, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Av Gen Rodrigo Octavio Jordao Ramos 3000, BR-69077000 Manaus, AM, BrazilIIAP, Vv Jose Quinones Km 2-5,Apartado Postal 784, Iquitos, PeruIRD, UMR BOREA, MNHN, CNRS 7208,SU,UCN,UA,IRD 207, Ave Agropolis 911, F-34394 Montpellier, FranceUMSS, ULRA, FAUNAGUA, ECOSINTEGRALES SRL, Ave Max Fernandez Final S-N, Cochabamba, BoliviaECOSINTEGRALES SRL, Res Act, Carlos Muller St 211, Cochabamba, Cercado, BoliviaInst Amazon Invest Cient SINCHI, Ave Vasquez Cobo Entre Calles 15 & 16, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Rua Doutor Carvalho Mendonca 144, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilCAPES [1402376, 047/2012, 6632/14-9]CNPq [204344/2015-8][PAREV/FAPEAM 019/2010]FAPESP [2016/07910-0]Web of Scienc

Aguas del Iténez o Guaporé

Bolivia y Brasil comparten una de las cuencas más atractivas y preservadas de la te-giuri amazônica: la cuenca del rio llénez o Guaporé, que escurre tanto sobre el lecho rocoso del Escudo Precámbrico Brasilefto como sobre las Hanuras del Beni. Estas influencias hacen que la cuenca del iténez tenga una elevada heterogeneidad de habitats, una fauna acuálica peculiar y un alto valor de conservation. Este patrimo­nio binacional posée un potencial importante para la conservación de la diversidad regional y cl dcsar rollo sostcniblc participativo de las comunidades locales. El libro contiene un resumen del conotimìento de la cuenca y sus recursos, generado en los últimos 10 anos por un equipo de investigadores bolivianos, brasilefios y de otras nacionalidades. Se presenta una descripeión del medio fisico, así como resultados relevantes sobre la biodiversidad acuática, con énfasis en algas, peces, reptiles y mamíferos. El aporte más notable del libro, adernas de la descripeión ecológica del ecosistema, son las lecciones aprendidas que surgieron de experiências locales sobre la élaboration participativa de herramientas para la gestion de los recursos hidrobiológicos.A Bolívia e o Brasil compartilham uma das bacias hidrográficas mais atrativas e preservadas da região amazônica: a bacia do Rio Iténez ou Guaporé. A combinação das influências do escudo pré-cambriano brasileiro e da planícies do Beni é uma das razões pela qual existem na região elevada heterogeneidade de habitats, fauna aquática peculiar e alto grau valor dc conservação. Eslc patrimônio binacional possui potencial significativo para a conservação da diversidade regional e desenvolvimento sustentável participativo das comunidades locais. O livro contém um resumo do conhecimento da bacia e seus recursos, gerado nos últimos dez anos por uma equipe de pesquisadores bolivianos, brasileiros e de outras nacionalidades. Apresentamos uma descrição do meio físico, bem como resultados relevantes da biodiversidade aquática, com ênfase em algas, peixes, répteis e mamíferos. A contribuição mais notável do livro, além da descrição ecológica do ecossistema, é a descrição das lições aprendidas que surgiram a partir de experiências locais sobre elaboração participativa de ferramentas para a gestão dos recursos aquáticos presentes nesta bacia

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

A database of freshwater fish species of the Amazon Basin

The Amazon Basin is an unquestionable biodiversity hotspot, containing the highest freshwater biodiversity on earth and facing off a recent increase in anthropogenic threats. The current knowledge on the spatial distribution of the freshwater fish species is greatly deficient in this basin, preventing a comprehensive understanding of this hyper-diverse ecosystem as a whole. Filling this gap was the priority of a transnational collaborative project, i.e. the AmazonFish project - https://www.amazon-fish.com/. Relying on the outputs of this project, we provide the most complete fish species distribution records covering the whole Amazon drainage. The database, including 2,406 validated freshwater native fish species, 232,936 georeferenced records, results from an extensive survey of species distribution including 590 different sources (e.g. published articles, grey literature, online biodiversity databases and scientific collections from museums and universities worldwide) and field expeditions conducted during the project. This database, delivered at both georeferenced localities (21,500 localities) and sub-drainages grains (144 units), represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater fish biodiversity, biogeography and conservation

Peces de Bolivia. Bolivian fishes

Desde la última década, el creciente interés por parte de científicos y autoridades nacionales ha dado lugar a avances considerables en el conocimiento de los peces de Bolivia, llegando a una lista de más de 900 especies. Esta riqueza representa el 6% de todas las especies de agua dulce descritas en el mundo, haciendo de Bolivia uno de los países con mayor diversidad de peces. Este libro, primero de su categoría en Bolivia, presenta una compilación de informaciones sobre una centena de especies de peces, entre las más conocidas o notables, incluyendo fotos, informaciones sobre sus rasgos biológicos y mapas de distribución. Está dirigido a quienes quieren descubrir o conocer más sobre los peces de Bolivia y la biodiversidad en general. Esperamos que el presente trabajo resalte la necesidad de preservar la singularidad que representan las aguas bolivianas con su diversa fauna, y que ayude al pueblo boliviano a conocer mejor y valorar su patrimonio natural

Contribución al conocimiento de los peces del género Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) en los Andes de Bolivia

Distribución del género Trichomycterus en los Andes de Bolivia. Conservación y biodiversidad de bagres endémicos.El género Trichomycterus Valenciennes 1832 posee más de cien especies válidas distribuidas en América del Sur, constituyéndose como el mayor representante de la familia Trichomycteridae. Según Alencar y Costa (2004), cerca de 60 especies son endémicas de las vertientes de drenaje de los Andes y alrededor de 30 son endémicas del Escudo Brasilero (De Pinna, 1998). Las especies de Trichomycterus descritas y citadas para Bolivia llegan a diez: T. tiraquae (Fowler 1940); T. chaberti Durand 1968, T. barbouri (Eigenmann 1910) y T. fassli (Steindachner 1915) para la cuenca del Amazonas; T. duellmani Arratiay Menu-Marque 1984; T. aguarague Fernández y Osinaga 2006; T. roigi Arratia y Menu-Marque 1984 yT. therma Fernández y Miranda 2007 para la cuenca del Plata; Trichomycterus rivulatus (Valenciennes 1846) y T. dispar' (Tschudi 1846) para la cuenca del Altiplano. Los registros de estas especies para Bolivia se encuentran en Eigenmann (1918), Arratia (1983) Fernández y Osinaga (2006) y Fernández y Miranda (2007). El género Trichomycterus ha sido muy poco estudiado en los Andes bolivianos y no existe un trabajo que sintetice el inventario y distribución de las especies. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo aportar una lista actualizada de especies y establecer su distri­bución en los Andes de Bolivia a partir de información existente y material obtenido en diferentes cuencas.Fil: Arraya, Mariana. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Maldonado, Mabel. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Carvajal Vallejos, Fernando M.. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Fernandez, Luis Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentin

Phreatobius sanguijuela Fernandez, Saucedo, Carvajal-Vallejos & Schaefer, 2007, new species

Phreatobius sanguijuela new species (Figs. 2–3) Holotype. UMSS 1785, 42.1 mm SL, Bolivia, Departamento Santa Cruz, Río Iténez basin, Comunidad de Porvenir, artificial well, 6 m depth near Río Paraguá, 172 m elevation, 13 º 59 ' 14.44'' S, 61 º 32 ' 27.05'' W, collected by L. Saucedo, 1 June 2006. Paratypes. MNKP 5373, 2 specimens: 27.8–32.3 mm SL, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Assigned to Phreatobius among siluriform genera based on the possession of the following combination of characters: dorsal and ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays extended rostrally, dorsally reaching a vertical position on dorsal-fin base posterior to dorsal-fin insertion, ventrally continuous with anal fin (Fig. 2 A); caudal fin round; all anal-fin rays unbranched; mouth prognathous, with jaws displaced dorsally on head; adductor mandibulae muscle hypertrophied, covering most of skull and inserting posteriorly onto first neural spine (Fig. 2 B); first pectoral-fin ray soft, not spinous; bright red in life. Uniquely diagnosed relative to its congener by the absence of eyes (versus eyes present, minute; Fig. 3), presence of 25–34 dorsal procurrent caudal fin rays (versus 42–50); 14–16 ventral procurrent caudal fin rays (versus 22–26); 45–46 vertebrae (versus 54–59). Description. Morphometric data for the holotype and paratypes presented in Table 1. Body round in cross section from head through dorsal-fin origin, gradually more compressed posteriorly, tapering to caudal fin. Dorsal and ventral trunk profiles nearly straight from head to base of caudal fin. Body depth nearly uniform through middle of anal-fin length, narrowing to caudal-fin base. Dorsal head profile markedly wider than trunk, due to hypertrophied jaw adductor musculature (Fig. 2 B). Integument of head and body thick, underlain with thick layer of round, adipose bodies individually visible under stereomicroscope; myotomes and intermuscular septa not externally visible. Head slightly depressed, longer than broad in dorsal view. Snout blunt in dorsal and lateral views. Mouth prognathous, lower jaw extending further anteriorly than upper jaw. Cleft of mouth straight. Lower jaw projected dorsally, its ventral surface markedly convex. Upper jaw strongly depressed, its depth one-third or less than that of lower jaw in lateral view. Mouth as wide as head, its lateral margins strongly curved posteriorly; mouth corner at vertical though anterior third of head length. Upper lips narrow, well defined laterally by fold of integument. Lower lip poorly defined, mostly continuous with ventral surface of head. Eyes absent (Fig. 2 B). Branchiostegal membranes mostly free, narrowly attached to isthmus anteriorly at midline, with wide and almost free branchial openings; posterior origin of membranes located immediately dorsal to origin of pectoral fin. Maxillary barbel long and thin, reaching to slightly beyond posterior margin of pectoral-fin base. Outer mental barbel longer than maxillary barbel, reaching pectoral-fin base or posterior third of pectoral fin. Inner mental barbel shortest, when extended parallel to body reaching to point slightly posterior to margin of branchial membrane; its origin slightly anterior to that of lateral mental barbel. All barbels with fine round tips. Anterior naris prolonged as tube of integument directed anterodorsally, about twice as long as wide, narial opening small, round, located close to upper lip. Posterior naris large, anterior margin crescentic and framed by low rim of elevated integument, located close to base of maxillary barbel but not continuous with its margin. Distance between two posterior nares slightly greater than that between anterior nares. Cephalic sensory canals comprised of three pores dorsally on anterior snout region near nares. Anterior pair (pore I of Reichel 1927: fig. 3, 305) closely spaced relative to one another along midline, positioned mesially to base of anterior nares. Mid-posterior pair (pore II) located posteromesially to posterior nares. Posterior pair (pore III) located posterolaterally to posterior nares and aligned with maxillary barbel base. Two laterosensory pores visible in lateral view. Anterior-most (pore V) located approximately at median lateral line of body, posterior (pore VI) located slightly laterodorsally. One large pore (IV) located posterolaterally close to end of head. Anterior portion of mandibular canal with two pores (VII, VIII) located ventrally close to barbel and two posterior (IX, X) pores located laterally. Pores of epiphyseal branch absent. Infraorbital canal absent. Laterosensory canal system absent along most of body, restricted anteriorly to short tube with two pores. Pectoral fin small, base short; four rays total, all soft, first ray unbranched; last ray markedly shorter than anterior rays. Pectoral-fin insertion approximately horizontal. Pelvic fin with four* (n= 2) or five (n= 1) rays, one or two branched, all projecting beyond fin membrane. Pelvic fin reaching or covering anus, not reaching anal fin. Dorsal-fin margin straight and short, with seven rays (n= 3), none, one or three* branched, all soft; fin origin closer to tip of snout than to base of caudal fin, positioned slightly anteriorly to vertical through pelvic fin origin, its posterior insertion approximately at middle of SL. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted posterior to neural spine of vertebra 13. Anal fin straight in profile and long, with 19 (n= 2) and 20 * (n= 1) unbranched rays. Anal-fin origin located slightly posterior to anus and vertical through dorsal fin origin. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted on centrum 18. Anal-fin continuous posteriorly with ventral procurrent caudal fin rays, fins clearly demarkated by slight indentation along membranous fin margin. Caudal fin margin nearly round, continuous dorsally and ventrally with procurrent rays. Principal caudal-fin rays eight branched plus two unbranched* (n= 2) or nine branched plus 2 unbranched (n= 1), all soft. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 25, 31 and 34 *. Ventral procurrent caudal fin rays 14, 15, 16 *; almost vertically aligned, rays becoming gradually longer posteriorly. Caudal peduncle markedly expanded in area of procurrent rays, like a single extended fin. Vertebrae 45 (n= 1) and 46 * (n= 2). Pleural ribs one or three*. Pigmentation in alcohol: All specimens nearly whitish, without trace of red coloration characteristic of living specimens. Holotype and largest paratype with pigment concentration along midline of body, forming thin midlateral line (Fig. 2 A). Tubelike extension of anterior naris white. All barbels white. Pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, as well as region corresponding to dorsal and ventral procurrent caudal fin rays, lack dark pigment. Coloration in life: Body bright red, slightly translucent, not whitish as in preserved specimens. Outline of vertebral column visible along post-abdominal region. Gut contents evident as dark shadows along ventral translucent region of abdomen. Etymology. The specific name sanguijuela is the local name for these catfishes in this area of Bolivia, treated here as a noun in apposition to the generic name. Distribution. Phreatobius sanguijuela is known only from artificial wells of 6 m depth at Comunidad de Porvenir, near Río Paraguá (Fig. 1). The Río Paraguá forms part of the headwaters of the Río Itenéz in eastern Santa Cruz Department, northeastern Bolivia. Habitat. The artificial wells where P. sanguijuela were collected are separated from the Río Paraguá main channel by approximately 2 km. The wells range in depth from 6 to 12 m with a diameter of approximately one meter, with surface openings covered and sidewalls unfinished. The bottom consists of unconsolidated sand and reddish lime. The water is transparent and water depth is about 1 m. The specimens were captured using a bucket during the dry season (June) and they become much less frequent during the rainy season. Water is used locally for human consumption and the catfish are captured incidentally and killed, often mistaken for parasitic leeches (“sanguijuelas”) due to their bright, blood-red coloration.Published as part of Fernandez, Luis, Saucedo, Lisandro J., Carvajal-Vallejos, Fernando M. & Schaefer, Scott A., 2007, A new phreatic catfish of the genus Phreatobius Goeldi 1905 from groundwaters of the Iténez River, Bolivia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), pp. 51-58 in Zootaxa 1626 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17927