289 research outputs found

    Conception et dĂ©veloppement d’un outil automatisĂ© basĂ© sur la stratĂ©gie de maintenance prĂ©visionnelle des Ă©quipements miniers

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    Les concepts de fiabilitĂ©, de maintenabilitĂ©, de disponibilitĂ© et de sĂ©curitĂ© sont des paramĂštres clĂ©s dans l’industrie miniĂšre en raison de la complexitĂ© de l’environnement et de la gestion des coĂ»ts liĂ©s au bon fonctionnement des Ă©quipements miniers. La comprĂ©hension de ces concepts est essentielle lorsqu’il s’agit d’analyser l’état d’un Ă©quipement minier et de prĂ©dire la maintenance adĂ©quate. La recherche de stratĂ©gies appropriĂ©es pour amĂ©liorer les performances globales des maintenances vise Ă  contrĂŽler les dĂ©faillances et Ă  dĂ©finir les actions menant au renforcement de la fiabilitĂ©. Toutefois, le manque de renseignements lors du suivi des maintenances en temps rĂ©el ajoutĂ© Ă  la complexitĂ© de recherche d’informations dans la base de donnĂ©es mĂšnent parfois Ă  des problĂ©matiques liĂ©es Ă  la gestion des maintenances pour les Ă©quipements miniers et leurs composants. Par l’entremise du partenaire industriel, le sujet de recherche propose la conception et le dĂ©veloppement d’un procĂ©dĂ© qui gĂ©nĂšre des statistiques de fiabilitĂ© et de maintenance pour les Ă©quipements miniers dans le but d’anticiper les maintenances prĂ©visionnelles et de dĂ©celer des anomalies dans les interventions. La conception du nouvel outil de calcul automatisĂ© est rĂ©alisĂ©e en exploitant les modĂšles mathĂ©matiques des processus stochastiques tels que le processus de renouvellement (RP), le processus de Poisson homogĂšne (HPP) et le processus de Poisson non homogĂšne (NHPP). Cette thĂšse considĂšre aussi des approches moins conventionnelles comme le processus de branchement de Poisson (BPP) ainsi que l’approche de Bayes avec un modĂšle a priori de type non informatif pour un Ă©chantillon de trĂšs faible taille. Au-delĂ  des aspects thĂ©oriques des processus recensĂ©s dans la revue de la littĂ©rature, la conception de l’outil est transposable dans un contexte unique rĂ©el. En employant, entre autres, le langage de programmation VBA, un outil est mis en place pour dĂ©terminer les paramĂštres associĂ©s aux processus stochastiques, les lois de probabilitĂ© ajustĂ©es aux donnĂ©es observĂ©es, la durĂ©e de vie moyenne et l’estimation de la fiabilitĂ© des composants prĂ©sents sur les Ă©quipements du site minier. La stratĂ©gie de maintenance prĂ©visionnelle proposĂ©e aide Ă  prendre de meilleures dĂ©cisions lors des interventions. Les mĂ©thodologies dĂ©veloppĂ©es peuvent de leur cĂŽtĂ© ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es lors de l’évaluation de la fiabilitĂ© et l’optimisation de la maintenance de tous les Ă©quipements miniers ayant des temps de bon fonctionnement. Pour mettre en Ă©vidence la pertinence de l’approche dĂ©veloppĂ©e, des analyses de dĂ©faillances et de fiabilitĂ© des sous-systĂšmes provenant des flottes de boulonneuses, boulonneuses Ă  plateforme et foreuses long trou ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  partir des donnĂ©es d’interventions et des temps de bon fonctionnement du partenaire industriel. L’étude tient compte du systĂšme de maintenance existant et de l’historique des Ă©quipements critiques. La derniĂšre contribution considĂšre l’optimisation du temps de remplacement prĂ©ventif de composants critiques. Divers modĂšles sont prĂ©sentĂ©s, Ă  savoir les stratĂ©gies de maintenance de type Ăąge, de type bloc et sĂ©quentielle. Cette thĂšse propose des temps de remplacement optimal en fonction de la stratĂ©gie la mieux adaptĂ©e aux donnĂ©es d’interventions. Ainsi, cette recherche offre des rĂ©sultats inĂ©dits sur la maintenance des Ă©quipements mobiles considĂ©rĂ©s critiques et essentiels dans les opĂ©rations miniĂšres souterraines. Les rĂ©sultats observĂ©s entourant la fiabilitĂ© des sous-systĂšmes contribuent Ă  la comprĂ©hension de leurs modes de dĂ©faillance, leur criticitĂ©, leurs Ă©tats de fonctionnement, leurs similitudes et leurs diffĂ©rences avec les flottes d’équipements. Les constats Ă©mis permettront de mieux prĂ©venir les dĂ©faillances de ces machines en appliquant des stratĂ©gies de maintenance appropriĂ©es et en optimisant le temps de remplacement de leurs composants selon les performances et les coĂ»ts des maintenances. The concepts of reliability, maintainability, availability and safety are key parameters in the mining industry because of the environment’s complexity and the cost of management needed for an effective mining equipment functioning. A thorough understanding of these concepts is essential to conduct a proper analysis of the mining equipment’s condition and to predict a proper maintenance. Developing appropriate strategies to improve overall maintenance performance aims to control failures and define actions, altogether leading to an increased reliability. However, the lack of information while monitoring maintenance in real time coupled to the complexity in seeking information through the database sometimes generates problems related to maintenance of mining equipment and its components. Through the industrial partnership, this research subject puts forward a design and process development generating reliability and maintenance statistics on mining equipment in the aims of anticipating the forecast maintenance and detecting anomalies in the interventions. The design of the new automated calculation tool is performed by exploiting mathematical models of stochastic processes such as the Renewal Process (RP), the Homogeneous Poisson Process (HPP) and the NonHomogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). This thesis also considers less conventional approaches such as the Branching Poisson Process (BPP) and the Bayesian approach with a non-informative prior model designed for a very small sample. Beyond the theory of resolution processes found in the literature review, this tool’s design is easily transferrable to a unique and actual context. By using, among others, the VBA programming language, the tool development is implemented to determine the parameters associated with the stochastic processes, the probability laws based on observed data, the average operating time and estimated reliability of the equipment part on the mining site. The proposed predictive maintenance strategy helps in the decision-making during the intervention process, whereas the developed methodologies may be used in the evaluation of the maintenance’s reliability and optimization for all mining equipment with times ranging between failure data. To highlight the relevance of the approach developed, failure and reliability analysis of subsystems from rock bolters fleet, platform rock bolters fleet and drill rigs fleet were carried out using intervention data and time between the mining partner’s failures. The study takes into account the existing maintenance system as well as the critical equipment’s history. The last contribution considers the optimization of the preventive critical components’ replacement time. Various maintenance models are suggested : age PM policy, block PM policy and sequential PM policy. This thesis proposes optimal replacement times according to the best strategy able to adapt to the intervention data. Thus, this research generates unprecedented results regarding mobile equipment maintenance, which is considered critical in the comprehension of underground mining operations. The observed results related to the subsystems’ reliability contribute to the understanding of their failure modes, their criticality, their operating states as well as the similarities and differences between equipment fleets. The study results will hopefully prevent future failures through the application of appropriate maintenance strategies and the optimization of the components’ replacement time according to performance and maintenance costs

    DĂ©veloppement d’un outil numĂ©rique amĂ©liorant la conception et les performances des pompes centrifuges multi-Ă©tages

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    Pour des constructeurs de pompes hydrauliques, la conception, la fabrication et la caractĂ©risation des pompes centrifuges prĂ©sentent toujours un grand dĂ©fi. Une meilleure fabrication de ce type de pompe exige une connaissance de tous les paramĂštres fondamentaux des composantes de la pompe. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, il s'agissait de dĂ©velopper des modĂšles numĂ©riques fiables et prĂ©cis d'un Ă©tage de pompe centrifuge multi-Ă©tage permettant d'Ă©tudier les Ă©coulements complexes de liquide dans la pompe dans le but d'amĂ©liorer les performances des pompes centrifuges. Les Ă©tapes de conceptions pour les composantes qui forment un Ă©tage de pompe centrifuge multi-Ă©tage ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies dans diverses sources scientifiques. À partir du point opĂ©rationnel de la pompe souhaitĂ©, un systĂšme de calcul permet de fournir les paramĂštres dimensionnels nĂ©cessaires aux composantes de la pompe. À l'aide du logiciel commercial ANSYS-CFX, les simulations numĂ©riques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es pour Ă©tudier l'influence des paramĂštres gĂ©omĂ©triques des impulseurs, des diffuseurs et des aubes de retour sur les performances et les comportements d'Ă©coulement du liquide dans les pompes. De plus, l'influence de la position relative de l'impulseur par rapport au diffuseur sur les champs de pression et de vitesse a Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement examinĂ©e. La validation des modĂšles numĂ©riques dĂ©veloppĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e en comparant les rĂ©sultats des simulations numĂ©riques avec les rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux provenant du banc d'essais de pompes de Technosub. Avec ces comparaisons, les paramĂštres gĂ©omĂ©triques des modĂšles numĂ©riques furent modifiĂ©s afin d'obtenir le plus petit Ă©cart possible entre les courbes fournies par Technosub et ceux obtenus par les simulations numĂ©riques. Pour amĂ©liorer la conception d'un Ă©tage de pompe centrifuge multi-Ă©tage, les impacts de la hauteur des aubes de l'impulseur, le nombre d'aubes de l'impulseur, du diffuseur et des aubes de retour, l'angle de fuite de l'impulseur, et l'Ă©paisseur des aubes de l'impulseur et du diffuseur sur les performances d'un Ă©tage d'une pompe centrifuge multi-Ă©tage ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. De plus, une Ă©tude sur une pompe comportant plus d'un Ă©tage a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que les paramĂštres sĂ©lectionnĂ©s affectent la hauteur manomĂ©trique, la puissance Ă  l'arbre et l'efficacitĂ© d'une maniĂšre qui varie selon le cas ciblĂ©

    Improving WCET Evaluation using Linear Relation Analysis

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    International audienceThe precision of a worst case execution time (WCET) evaluation tool on a given program is highly dependent on how the tool is able to detect and discard semantically infeasible executions of the program. In this paper, we propose to use the classical abstract interpretation-based method of linear relation analysis to discover and exploit relations between execution paths. For this purpose, we add auxiliary variables (counters) to the program to trace its execution paths. The results are easily incorporated in the classical workflow of a WCET evaluator, when the evaluator is based on the popular implicit path enumeration technique. We use existing tools-a WCET evaluator and a linear relation analyzer-to build and experiment a prototype implementation of this idea. * This work is supported by the French research fundation (ANR) as part of the W-SEPT project (ANR-12-INSE-0001

    Improved planning abilities in binge eating.

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    OBJECTIVE: The role of planning in binge eating episodes is unknown. We investigated the characteristics of planning associated with food cues in binging patients. We studied planning based on backward reasoning, reasoning that determines a sequence of actions back to front from the final outcome. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 20 healthy participants, 20 bulimia nervosa (BN), 22 restrictive (ANR) and 23 binging anorexia nervosa (ANB), without any concomitant impulsive disorder. In neutral/relaxing, binge food and stressful conditions, backward reasoning was assessed with the Race game, promotion of delayed large rewards with an intertemporal discounting task, attention with the Simon task, and repeating a dominant behavior with the Go/No-go task. RESULTS: BN and to a lower extent ANB patients succeeded more at the Race game in food than in neutral condition. This difference discriminated binging from non-binging participants. Backward reasoning in the food condition was associated with lower approach behavior toward food in BN patients, and higher food avoidance in ANB patients. Enhanced backward reasoning in the food condition related to preferences for delayed large rewards in BN patients. In BN and ANB patients the enhanced success rate at the Race game in the food condition was associated with higher attention paid to binge food. CONCLUSION: These findings introduce a novel process underlying binges: planning based on backward reasoning is associated with binges. It likely aims to reduce craving for binge foods and extend binge refractory period in BN patients, and avoid binging in ANB patients. Shifts between these goals might explain shifts between eating disorder subtypes

    Optimization of culture conditions for porcine corneal endothelial cells

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    Purpose : To optimize the growth condition of porcine corneal endothelial cells (PCEC), we evaluated the effect of coculturing with a feeder layer (irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts) with the addition of various exogenous factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), bovine pituitary extract (BPE), ascorbic acid, and chondroitin sulfate, on cell proliferation, size, and morphology. Methods : PCEC cultures were seeded at an initial cell density of 400 cells/cm2 in the presence or absence of 20,000 murine-irradiated 3T3 fibroblast/cm2 in the classic media Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Mean cell size and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was assessed at various passages. Growth-promoting factors were studies by seeding PCEC at 8,000 cells/cm2 in DMEM with 20% FBS or Opti-MEM I supplemented with 4% FBS and one of the following additives: EGF (0.5, 5, 25 ng/ml), NGF (5, 20, 50 ng/ml), BPE (25, 50, 100, 200 ÎŒg/ml), ascorbic acid (10, 20, 40 ÎŒg/ml) and chondroitin sulfate (0.03, 0.08, 1.6%), alone or in combination. Cell number, size and morphology of PCEC were assessed on different cell populations. Each experiment was repeated at least twice in three sets. In some cases, cell cultures were maintained after confluence to observe post-confluence changes in cell morphology. Results : Co-cultures of PCEC grown in DMEM 20% FBS with a 3T3 feeder layer improved the preservation of small polygonal cell shape. EGF, NGF, and chondroitin sulfate did not induce proliferation above basal level nor did these additives help maintain a small size. However, chondroitin sulfate did help preserve a good morphology. BPE and ascorbic acid had dose-dependent effects on proliferation. The combination of BPE, chondroitin sulfate, and ascorbic acid significantly increased cell numbers above those achieved with serum alone. No noticeable changes were observed when PCEC were cocultured with a 3T3 feeder layer in the final selected medium. Conclusions : Improvements have been made for the culture of PCEC. The final selected medium consistently allowed the growth of a contact-inhibited cell monolayer of small, polygonal-shaped cells

    Thymus-specific serine protease contributes to the diversification of the functional endogenous CD4 T cell receptor repertoire

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    Thymus-specific serine protease expression in stromal as well as hematopoietic cells in the thymus is needed for diversification of the endogenous repertoire of TCRs specific for a particular protein antigen

    When the worst-case execution time estimation gains from the application semantics

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    International audienceCritical embedded systems are generally composed of repetitive tasks that must meet drastic timing constraints, such as termination deadlines. Providing an upper bound of the worst-case execution time (WCET) of such tasks at design time is thus necessary to prove the correctness of the system. Static timing analysis methods compute safe WCET upper bounds, but at the cost of a potentially large over-approximation. Over-approximation may come from the fact that WCET analysis may consider as potential worst-cases some executions that are actually infeasible, because of the semantics of the program and/or because they correspond to unrealistic inputs. In this paper, we introduce a complete semantic-aware WCET estimation workflow. We introduce some program analysis to find infeasible paths: they can be performed at design, C or binary level, and may take into account information provided by the user. We design an annotation-aware compilation process that enables to trace the infeasible path properties through the program transformations performed by the compilers. Finally, we adapt the WCET estimation tool to take into account the kind of annotations produced by the workflow
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