Diferenças no Funcionamento Emocional, Comportamental e Social (Roberts Apperception Test for Children) e na Autoestima (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale) entre Jovens Institucionalizados e Não Institucionalizados

Objetivos: A institucionalização é, habitualmente, um momento gerador de sentimentos negativos, tais como a perda e o abandono, fragilizando os jovens envolvidos neste processo e, eventualmente, condicionando o seu funcionamento emocional, comportamental e social. O nosso estudo tem como objetivos: 1) verificar a existência de diferenças entre uma amostra de jovens institucionalizados e uma amostra de jovens não institucionalizados nas dimensões de um instrumento que avalia o funcionamento social, comportamental e emocional (Roberts Apperception Test for Children/RATC) e na autoestima (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale/RSES); 2) explorar se existem diferenças entre as duas amostras ao nível de diferentes variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares e clínicas (e.g. história de sintomas depressivos em toda a vida e atual). Método: A amostra é composta por 60 jovens, 30 não institucionalizados (subamostra de controlo) e 30 institucionalizados (entre os 10 e os 15 anos de idade). A amostra de controlo respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico e à Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Os jovens institucionalizados responderam a esta escala e a algumas perguntas do questionário sociodemográfico, tendo outras sido completadas com base nos processos da instituição. O autor administrou, junto das duas subamostras, o Roberts Apperception Test for Children (RATC). Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as duas amostras, no que diz respeito à RSES. Quanto ao RATC, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no que diz respeito apenas a quatro dimensões: Suporte aos outros, Identificação de problemas, Resolução 2 e Problema não resolvido. Verificaram-se associações significativas entre a pertença a uma ou outra subamostra e algumas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, por exemplo, a escolaridade do pai e da mãe e a vivência de sintomatologia depressiva em toda a vida. Conclusões: No geral, o funcionamento emocional, social e comportamental, assim como a autoestima de jovens institucionalizados parece não se diferenciar grandemente dos de jovens não institucionalizados. Ainda assim, os jovens institucionalizados parecem apresentar resultados menos adaptativos em algumas dimensões, por comparação com os jovens institucionalizados

Estudio de la viabilidad del cultivo del bocarte (Engraulis encrasicolus) con destino al abastecimiento a la industria conservera y para usos como cebo vivo

Se facilita información sobre captura, traslado y adaptación a la cautividad de ejemplares vivos de bocarte (Engraulis encrasicolus) en el Cantábrico, así como composición corporal según diversas alimentaciones en comparación con ejemplares salvajes y en salazón. Así mismo se facilitan datos de reproducción y cría larvaria.Se presentan los resultados obtenidos sobre captura, adaptación a la cautividad, nutrición, reproducción, cría larvaria, patologías y supervivencia referentes al presente estudio sobre la viabilidad de cultivo del bocarte (Engraulis encrasicolus) del Cantábrico. El estudio se plantea con la finalidad de disponer de una técnica de cultivo utilizable en posibles periodos de nulas o bajas capturas así como la posibilidad de disponer de alevines como cebo vivo para la pesca de túnidos, evitando tanto el recorrer grandes distancias para su captura como la presión que éstas puedan ejercer sobre la población natural. Se utilizan diferentes dietas en la alimentación referidas a su composición proteínica y proporción de ácidos grasos presentando los resultados de los análisis de éstas como de la composición muscular de los ejemplares alimentados en cautividad en comparación con ejemplares salvajes coincidentes siempre en las mismas épocas del año. Se hace especial referencia a las proporciones y relaciones de ácidos con potencial aterogénico (laúrico, mirístico y palmítico) que resultan menores siempre con la alimentación empleada en cautividad. De los monoenoicos el oléico tiene mayor proporción en los ejemplares de cautividad igualmente en los n-3HUFA (EPA y DHA) en cualquier época del año siendo menor el araquidónico (ARA) savo en el contenido del bocarte de otoño-invierno. Se realizan comparaciones así mismo en las proporciones de n-3/n-6; y cantidades de ácidos saturados y monoenoicos, tanto con ejemplares salvajes como en salazón. La cantidda de grasa bruta es mayor en ejemplares alimentados en cautividad con cualquiera de las dietas, teniendo por tanto un mayor contenido calórico incluso que aquellos de salazón. En cuanto a la cantidad de proteína sólo es similar entre orígenes cuando el pienso contiene alrededor de un 50 % de la misma. El aminograma es similar entre orígenes. En los ejemplares en salazón el contenido en ácidos saturados es mayor y la relación n3/n6 resulta la mejor. Se presentan datos biométricos y de supervivencia donde no se encuentran diferencias entre dietas. Así como del factor de condición (K) y grasa intraperitoneal. Se describe la puesta, incubación y desarrollo larvario y su alimentaciónhasta día 15 de cultivo.Instituto Español de Oceanografía; Gobierno de Cantabria (España)

Network-Assisted Investigation of Combined Causal Signals from Genome-Wide Association Studies in Schizophrenia

With the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a wealth of association data has been accomplished for more than 200 complex diseases/traits, proposing a strong demand for data integration and interpretation. A combinatory analysis of multiple GWAS datasets, or an integrative analysis of GWAS data and other high-throughput data, has been particularly promising. In this study, we proposed an integrative analysis framework of multiple GWAS datasets by overlaying association signals onto the protein-protein interaction network, and demonstrated it using schizophrenia datasets. Building on a dense module search algorithm, we first searched for significantly enriched subnetworks for schizophrenia in each single GWAS dataset and then implemented a discovery-evaluation strategy to identify module genes with consistent association signals. We validated the module genes in an independent dataset, and also examined them through meta-analysis of the related SNPs using multiple GWAS datasets. As a result, we identified 205 module genes with a joint effect significantly associated with schizophrenia; these module genes included a number of well-studied candidate genes such as DISC1, GNA12, GNA13, GNAI1, GPR17, and GRIN2B. Further functional analysis suggested these genes are involved in neuronal related processes. Additionally, meta-analysis found that 18 SNPs in 9 module genes had PmetaHLA-DQA1 located in the MHC region on chromosome 6, which was reported in previous studies using the largest cohort of schizophrenia patients to date. These results demonstrated our bi-directional network-based strategy is efficient for identifying disease-associated genes with modest signals in GWAS datasets. This approach can be applied to any other complex diseases/traits where multiple GWAS datasets are available

Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Toxicological Properties of Commercial 2D Boron Nitride Nanopowder and Nanoplatelets

Boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have been increasingly explored for potential applications in chemistry and biology fields (e.g., biomedical, pharmaceutical, and energy industries) due to their unique physico-chemical properties. However, their safe utilization requires a profound knowledge on their potential toxicological and environmental impact. To date, BN nanoparticles have been considered to have a high biocompatibility degree, but in some cases, contradictory results on their potential toxicity have been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed two commercial 2D BN samples, namely BN-nanopowder (BN-PW) and BN-nanoplatelet (BN-PL), with the objective to identify whether distinct physico-chemical features may have an influence on the biological responses of exposed cellular models. Morphological, structural, and composition analyses showed that the most remarkable difference between both commercial samples was the diameter of their disk-like shape, which was of 200–300 nm for BN-PL and 100–150 nm for BN-PW. Their potential toxicity was investigated using adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and the unicellular fungus Saccharomycescerevisiae, as human and environmental eukaryotic models respectively, employing in vitro assays. In both cases, cellular viability assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determinations where performed. The impact of the selected nanomaterials in the viability of both unicellular models was very low, with only a slight reduction of S. cerevisiae colony forming units being observed after a long exposure period (24 h) to high concentrations (800 mg/L) of both nanomaterials. Similarly, BN-PW and BN-PL showed a low capacity to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species in the studied conditions. Even at the highest concentration and exposure times, no major cytotoxicity indicators were observed in human cells and yeast. The results obtained in the present study provide novel insights into the safety of 2D BN nanomaterials, indicating no significant differences in the toxicological potential of similar commercial products with a distinct lateral size, which showed to be safe products in the concentrations and exposure conditions tested

Comorbidity of Severe Psychotic Disorders With Measures of Substance Use

Although early mortality in severe psychiatric illness is linked to smoking and alcohol, no studies have comprehensively characterized substance use behavior in severe psychotic illness. In particular, recent assessments of substance use in individuals with mental illness are based on population surveys that do not include individuals with severe psychotic illness

Small molecule anion transporters display in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant bacterial strains

Highly active transmembrane anion transporters have demonstrated their activity against antibiotic-resistant and clinically relevant bacterial strains. This type of compound offers promise as a strategy to develop novel antibacterial agents

Genetic validation of bipolar disorder identified by automated phenotyping using electronic health records

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression. Although genomewide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified genetic loci contributing to BD risk, sample size has become a rate-limiting obstacle to genetic discovery. Electronic health records (EHRs) represent a vast but relatively untapped resource for high-throughput phenotyping. As part of the International Cohort Collection for Bipolar Disorder (ICCBD), we previously validated automated EHR-based phenotyping algorithms for BD against in-person diagnostic interviews (Castro et al. Am J Psychiatry 172:363–372, 2015). Here, we establish the genetic validity of these phenotypes by determining their genetic correlation with traditionally ascertained samples. Case and control algorithms were derived from structured and narrative text in the Partners Healthcare system comprising more than 4.6 million patients over 20 years. Genomewide genotype data for 3330 BD cases and 3952 controls of European ancestry were used to estimate SNP-based heritability (h2g) and genetic correlation (rg) between EHR-based phenotype definitions and traditionally ascertained BD cases in GWAS by the ICCBD and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) using LD score regression. We evaluated BD cases identified using 4 EHR-based algorithms: an NLP-based algorithm (95-NLP) and three rule-based algorithms using codified EHR with decreasing levels of stringency—“coded-strict”, “coded-broad”, and “coded-broad based on a single clinical encounter” (coded-broad-SV). The analytic sample comprised 862 95-NLP, 1968 coded-strict, 2581 coded-broad, 408 coded-broad-SV BD cases, and 3 952 controls. The estimated h2g were 0.24 (p = 0.015), 0.09 (p = 0.064), 0.13 (p = 0.003), 0.00 (p = 0.591) for 95-NLP, coded-strict, coded-broad and coded-broad-SV BD, respectively. The h2g for all EHR-based cases combined except coded-broad-SV (excluded due to 0 h2g) was 0.12 (p = 0.004). These h2g were lower or similar to the h2g observed by the ICCBD + PGCBD (0.23, p = 3.17E−80, total N = 33,181). However, the rg between ICCBD + PGCBD and the EHR-based cases were high for 95-NLP (0.66, p = 3.69 × 10–5), coded-strict (1.00, p = 2.40 × 10−4), and coded-broad (0.74, p = 8.11 × 10–7). The rg between EHR-based BD definitions ranged from 0.90 to 0.98. These results provide the first genetic validation of automated EHR-based phenotyping for BD and suggest that this approach identifies cases that are highly genetically correlated with those ascertained through conventional methods. High throughput phenotyping using the large data resources available in EHRs represents a viable method for accelerating psychiatric genetic research

Rare Copy Number Variants in \u3cem\u3eNRXN1\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eCNTN6\u3c/em\u3e Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare (\u3c 1% frequency) copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarray data. We observed an enrichment of global CNV burden that was prominent for large (\u3e 1 Mb), singleton events (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.39–3.79], p = 1.2 × 10−3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR = 3.03 [1.85–5.07], p = 1.5 × 10−5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR = 20.3, 95% CI [2.6–156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR = 10.1, 95% CI [2.3–45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS

Potential Operating Models, Harvest Control Rules and Performance Statistics for the NAFO 3M Cod MSE.

This document presents a proposal of possible Operating Models (OMs), Harvest Control Rules (HCR) and Performance Statistics (PS) to carry out the Management Strategies Evaluation (MSE) for the 3M cod of NAFO. This proposal will have to be reviewed by the NAFO SC to decide the first set of OMs to test with the possible HCRs in the 3M Cod MSE

Transthyretin: No association between serum levels or gene variants and schizophrenia

It has been proposed that schizophrenia results from an environmental insult in genetically predisposed individuals. Environmental factors capable of modulating transcriptional activity and their carriers could link the genetic and environmental components of schizophrenia. Among these is transthyretin (TTR), a major carrier of thyroid hormones and retinol-binding protein (RBP). Retinoids and thyroid hormones regulate the expression of several genes, both during development and in the adult brain. Decreased TTR levels have been reported in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with depression and Alzheimer's disease, and the absence of TTR influences behavior in mice. DNA variants capable of altering TTR ability to carry its ligands, either due to reduced transcription of the gene or to structural modifications of the protein, may influence development of the central nervous system and behavior. In the present study we searched for variants in the regulatory and coding regions of the TTR gene, and measured circulating levels of TTR and RBP. We found a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), ss46566417, 18 bp upstream of exon 4. Neither this SNP nor the previously described rs1800458 were found associated with schizophrenia. In addition, serum TTR and RBP levels did not differ between mentally healthy and schizophrenic individuals. In conclusion, our data does not support an involvement of the TTR gene in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T8T-4K12CM6-2/1/78223a224d1392e250f7562405e6796