Respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins uptake occurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a human epithelial cell line

Cell-surface viral proteins most frequently enter the cell through clathrin or caveolae endocytosis. Respiratory syncytial virus antigen internalization by immune cells is via caveolin, however, uptake of paramyxovirus cell membrane proteins by non-immune cells is done through clathrin-coated pits. In this work, the uptake of respiratory syncytial virus cell surface glycoproteins by non-immune human epithelial cells was investigated through indirect immunofluorescence with polyclonal anti-RSV antibody and confocal lasser-scanner microscopy. Clathrin and caveolae internalization pathways were monitored through specific inhibitors monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD), respectively. Internalization of RSV antigens was inhibited by MDC but not by MBCD, implying that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the major uptake route of RSV antigens by an epithelial human cell line

Disruption of gut integrity and permeability contributes to enteritis in a fish‑parasite model: a story told from serum metabolomics

Background In the animal production sector, enteritis is responsible for serious economic losses, and intestinal parasitism is a major stress factor leading to malnutrition and lowered performance and animal production efficiency. The effect of enteric parasites on the gut function of teleost fish, which represent the most ancient bony vertebrates, is far from being understood. The intestinal myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei dwells between gut epithelial cells and causes severe enteritis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), anorexia, cachexia, growth impairment, reduced marketability and increased mortality. Methods This study aimed to outline the gut failure in this fish-parasite model using a multifaceted approach and to find and validate non-lethal serum markers of gut barrier dysfunction. Intestinal integrity was studied in parasitized and non-parasitized fish by immunohistochemistry with specific markers for cellular adhesion (E-cadherin) and tight junctions (Tjp1 and Cldn3) and by functional studies of permeability (oral administration of FITC-dextran) and electrophysiology (Ussing chambers). Serum samples from parasitized and non-parasitized fish were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics and some significantly altered metabolites were selected to be validated using commercial kits. Results The immunodetection of Tjp1 and Cldn3 was significantly lower in the intestine of parasitized fish, while no strong differences were found in E-cadherin. Parasitized fish showed a significant increase in paracellular uptake measured by FITC-dextran detection in serum. Electrophysiology showed a decrease in transepithelial resistance in infected animals, which showed a diarrheic profile. Serum metabolomics revealed 3702 ions, from which the differential expression of 20 identified compounds significantly separated control from infected groups in multivariate analyses. Of these compounds, serum inosine (decreased) and creatine (increased) were identified as relevant and validated with commercial kits. Conclusions The results demonstrate the disruption of tight junctions and the loss of gut barrier function, a metabolomic profile of absorption dysfunction and anorexia, which further outline the pathophysiological effects of E. leei

Canagliflozin: A New Therapeutic Option in Patients That Present Postprandial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Pilot Study

Cirurgia bariàtrica; Teràpia farmacològica; Hipoglucèmia postprandialCirugía bariátrica; Terapia farmacológica; Hipoglucemia posprandialBariatric surgery; Pharmacological therapy; Postprandial hypoglycemiaIntroduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common surgical procedure for morbid obesity. However, it can present serious late complications, like postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PHH). Recent data suggested an increase in intestinal SGLT-1 after RYGB. However, there is no data on the inhibition of SGLT-1 to prevent PHH in patients with prior RYBG. On this basis, we aimed to evaluate (a) the effect of canagliflozin 300 mg on the response to 100 g glucose overload (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]); (b) the pancreatic response after intra-arterial calcium stimulation in the context of PHH after RYGB. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective pilot study including patients (n = 21) with PHH after RYGB, matched by age and gender with healthy controls (n = 5). Basal OGTT and after 2 weeks of daily 300 mg of canagliflozin was performed in all cases. In addition, venous sampling after intra-arterial calcium stimulation of the pancreas was performed in 10 cases. Results: OGTT after canagliflozin showed a significant reduction of plasma glucose levels (minute 30: 161.5 ± 36.22 vs. 215.9 ± 58.11 mg/dL; minute 60: 187.46 ± 65.88 vs. 225.9 ± 85.60 mg/dL, p < 0.01) and insulinemia (minute 30: 95.6 ± 27.31 vs. 216.35 ± 94.86 mg/dL, p = 0.03; minute 60: 120.85 ± 94.86 vs. 342.64 ± 113.32 mIU/L, p < 0.001). At minute 180, a significant reduction (85.7%) of the rate of hypoglycemia was observed after treatment with canagliflozin (p < 0.00001). All cases presented normal pancreatic response after intra-arterial calcium administration. Conclusion: Canagliflozin (300 mg) significantly decreased glucose absorption and prevented PHH after 100 g OGTT in patients with RYGB. Our results suggest that canagliflozin could be a new therapeutic option for patients that present PHH after RYGB.There were no funding sources

Serum metabolomics tells the story of disease degree in a fish enteritis model

Comunicación presentada en la 19th International Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shellfish, celebrada en Oporto (Portugal) del 9 al 12 de septiembre de 2019.[Introduction]: In animal production, enteritis is responsible for serious economic losses, being intestinal parasitism a major stress factor leading to malnutrition and lowered performance and production efficiency. The intestinal myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei dwells between gut epithelial cells and causes severe desquamative enteritis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) that impairs nutrient absorption causing anorexia, cachexia, growth impairment, reduced marketability and increased mortality. This study aimed to outline the gut failure produced in this fish-parasite model using a multifaceted approach and to find and validate serum non-lethal markers of gut barrier dysfunction.[Methodology]: Intestinal integrity was studied in parasitized and non-parasitized fish by immunohistochemistry with specific markers for cellular adhesion (E-cadherin) and tight junctions (Tjp-1 and Cldn3) and by functional studies of permeability (oral administration of FITC-dextran) and electrophysiology (Ussing chambers). Serum samples from parasitized and non-parasitized fish were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics and some significantly altered metabolites were selected to be validated using commercial kits.[Results]: The expression of the tight junction proteins Tjp-1 and Cldn3 was significantly lower in parasitized fish along all the intestine, while no differences were found in E-cadherin labeling. Some parasitized fish showed a significant increase in paracellular uptake measured by FITC-dextran detection in serum. Electrophysiology studies showed a decrease in transepithelial resistance in infected animals, which showed a diarrheic profile when compared to the normal absorptive profile of the control animals. Serum metabolomics revealed 3702 ions, from which the differential expression of 20 identified compounds significantly separated control from infected groups in multivariate analyses (PLS-DA), and even separated groups by intensity of infection. Of these compounds, inosine and creatine were identified as relevant and tested with commercial kits in serum samples.[Conclusion]: This study demonstrates the loss of barrier function induced by the enteric parasite E. leei and underlines key markers to differentiate control and infected fish. The untargeted serum metabolomics approach did not reveal specific effects by the parasite, but more a profile typical of absorption dysfunction and anorexia, which are, of course, part of the disease signs.Funding: ParaFishControl H2020 project (634429), Aquaexcel2020 (652831, TNA AE10004-INTEBREAM), AGL2013-48560-R

Aprender desde la indagación en la Universidad

Podeu consultar la versió catalana a recurs relacionat.Esta publicación tiene como origen la experiencia de innovación docente en la universidad que, desde 2007, hemos construido desde la confluencia de un grupo de profesores y profesoras de la Facultad de Pedagogía y de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Barcelona. Todos nosotros formamos parte del grupo de innovación docente Indaga’t

In vivo activity of plant-based interleukin-12 in the lung of Balb/c mouse

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the last years, plants are being used for the production of a wide variety of biopharmaceuticals, including cytokines, and have the potential to serve as vehicles for mucosal administration of these molecules. We had previously reported the expression of a cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12), in transgenic tomato plants and had demonstrated that it retained its biologic activity <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In this work, we administered crude extracts of IL-12-containing tomato fruits to mice through the intratracheal route, measuring endogenous IL-12 and determining biologic activity by quantification of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in lungs and by histological analysis. IFN-γ expression in lungs, as well as histological analysis, indicate that tomato-expressed IL-12 retains its biologic activity and, most importantly, its effects are restricted to the site of administration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that the functional activity of tomato-expressed IL-12 is comparable to that of commercial recombinant IL-12 when given via the mucosal route. This opens the possibility of using crude extracts prepared from tomatoes expressing IL-12 for certain immunotherapies.</p

Vocabulario de la enfermedad por el virus del ébola (EN-ES)

Se trata de un estudio terminológico sistemático sobre la enfermedad por el virus del Ébola (Ebola virus disease)

Posicionar a la empresa Amibrusa realizando identidad corporativa y de marca logrando el aumento de ventas y ampliando cartera de clientes por medio de estrategias de comunicación digital

En este proyecto se desarrolló de manera completa identidad corporativa, así como de marca para la empresa con el fin de crear posicionamiento, el cual permita ampliar su cartera de clientes y así lograr el aumento de sus ventas y por consiguiente la rentabilidad de la empresa, mediante la creación de contenido digital estratégico. Para lograr lo antes mencionado se consideraron los siguientes objetivos específicos: Validación de misión, visión y valores de la empresa, diagnosticar el servicio de la empresa, conocer y definir el mercado meta, análisis de la competencia, análisis del sector y capacidades de la empresa (FODA), rediseño de imagen, logo y etiquetas, estrategia de precios, desarrollo de estrategia de comercialización y estrategias de comunicación digital, creación de material audiovisual mediante fotografías y videos. Considerando diferentes metodologías: Indagación en fuentes primarias y secundarias, recopilación de información con el empresario, comparación de AMIBRUSA con otras empresas similares, análisis de la competencia directa, análisis de cartera de clientes, establecer canal de comunicación con cliente. Logrando como resultado más importantes el entregar un manual de identidad, así como sus aplicaciones, etiquetas de los productos, creación de WhatsApp Business y catálogo, cuenta de Facebook, calendario de contenido (1 mes) y carpeta de fotografías para uso continuo y videos.ITESO, A.C

Evaluación de la rentabilidad y competitividad de los sistemas de producción de ovinos en la región de Libres, Puebla

With the objective to evaluate the degree of competitiveness and comparative advantage of local lamb production systems, a sample of  139 sheep producers were interviewed, and six herds of three production systems were under observation for 7 mo in the Libres region of Puebla, Mexico. Information was recorded on costs, infrastructure, agricultural activity, labor, production and sale of sheep. The profitability and competitiveness was determined with the Policy Analysis Matrix. The system of production on feeding indoors was the most profitable and competitive according to the Index of Private Profitability, Private Cost Ratio, Private Profitability Ratio and Private Cost-Benefit Ratio. The cost of the factors of production was higher in the lamb grazing system, being of the less competitive. The Social Cost-Benefit Ratio (CSBR) indicated inefficiency of systems to replace imports. The production of sheep had an oligopsonic market structure due to institutional deficiencies and absence of protection policies oriented to this sector. The producers used as the criterion of sale the mature weight, although the sale of the lambs began between 30 and 90 d old. It is advisable to perform an analysis of the production function, to determine the viability of the sale of weaned lambs as an option to increase the profits of the producers and the competitiveness of these systems.Con el objetivo de evaluar el grado en que los sistemas de producción de ovinos son competitivos y presentan ventajas comparativas, se entrevistaron a 139 productores, y se dio seguimiento a seis rebaños de tres sistemas de producción durante siete meses, en la región de Libres, Puebla. Se registró información de costos, infraestructura, actividad agrícola, mano de obra, producción y venta de ovinos. Para determinar la rentabilidad y la competitividad se utilizó la Matriz de Análisis de Política. El sistema de producción con alimentación en corral fue el más rentable y competitivo de acuerdo con los indicadores de rentabilidad privada, Relación del Costo Privado, Coeficiente de Rentabilidad Privada y la Relación del Costo-Beneficio Privado. El costo de los factores de producción fue mayor en el sistema de producción de corderos en pastoreo y fue el de menor competitividad. La Relación Costo-Beneficio Social indicó ineficiencia para reemplazar las importaciones. La producción de ovinos tuvo una estructura de mercado oligopsónica, producto de las deficiencias institucionales y ausencia de políticas de protección.  Los productores utilizaron como criterio de venta el peso adulto, aunque la venta de los corderos inició entre los 30 y 90 días. Es recomendable realizar el análisis de la función de producción, para determinar la viabilidad de la venta de cordero destetado, como una opción para aumentar las ganancias de los productores y la competitividad de estos sistemas