51 research outputs found
Traitements automatiques de palatogrammes (palatographie directe)
International audiencePalatography has been widely used to investigate consonants articulation. This technique has however some drawbacks since its records of the lingual palatine contact pattern most often does not take into account the shape of the palatal fold. This makes difficult palatine pattern comparison across speakers. To alleviate this limitation we propose a method to obtain a more realistic information about the articulation which copes with individual morphological differences.La palatographie a été largement utilisée pour examiner l'articulation de consonnes. Cette technique a cependant quelques inconvénients puisque la capture des patrons de contact linguopalatal ne prend le plus souvent pas en compte la forme du palais. Cela rend la comparaison de patrons linguopalataux entre locuteurs difficile. Pour atténuer cette limitation nous proposons une méthode permettant d'obtenir des informations plus réalistes sur l'articulation supportant les différences morphologiques individuelles
3D Palatography
International audienceStatic palatography has been widely used to investigate consonant articulation. The method is based on the observation of the tongue print (a black paste is spread on the tongue before the production) either directly onto the palate (direct palatography) or onto a pseudo palate (indirect palatography). This study has two main objectives. The first one is to provide an automatic analysis of the tongue print characteristic (size, shape, position onto the palate,...) in order to allow an objective description of the linguopalatal contact.The second one concerns the shape of the palate. Indeed, a simple picture (2D) analysis does not take into account the shape (3D) of the palate vault. To alleviate this 2D limitation, we propose a method based on the use of structured light which enables the computation of the palate shape
Supramolecular assembly of gelatin and inorganic polyanions: Fine-tuning the mechanical properties of nanocomposites by varying their composition and microstructure
A series of bionanocomposites has been synthesized through a complex coacervation process inducing the assembly of gelatin with a wide range of inorganic polyanions (IPyAs) differing by their diameter and charge and including polyoxometalates (POMs) and a polythiomolybdate cluster. The microstructure and stoichiometry of these hybrid coacervates, which are strongly dependent on the charge matching between both components, have been studied by combining Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping. The mechanical properties of these materials were deeply characterized by tensile measurements at large deformation, revealing different behaviors (i.e., elastomer and ductile), depending on the nature of the IPyA. It is noteworthy that the mechanical properties of these bionanocomposites are strongly enhanced, compared to pure gelatin hydrogels. When attempting to connect structure and properties in these bionanocomposites, we have demonstrated that the density of cross-links (gelatin triple helices and IPyA) is the key parameter to control the extensibility of these materials
Whole-genome sequencing-based antimicrobial resistance characterization and phylogenomic investigation of 19 multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli strains collected from hospital patients in Benin in 2019
The increasing worldwide prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli constitutes a serious threat to global public health. Surgical site infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries, fueled by the limited availability of effective antibiotics. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to evaluate antimicrobial resistance and the phylogenomic relationships of 19 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates collected from surgical site infections in patients across public hospitals in Benin in 2019. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and phenotypically tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. Core-genome multi-locus sequence typing and single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenomic methods were used to investigate the relatedness between samples. The broader phylogenetic context was characterized through the inclusion of publicly available genome data. Among the 19 isolates, 13 different sequence types (STs) were observed, including ST131 (n = 2), ST38 (n = 2), ST410 (n = 2), ST405 (n = 2), ST617 (n = 2), and ST1193 (n = 2). The blaCTX-M-15
gene encoding ESBL resistance was found in 15 isolates (78.9%), as well as other genes
associated with ESBL, such as blaOXA-1 (n = 14) and blaTEM-1 (n = 9). Additionally, we frequently
observed genes encoding resistance against aminoglycosides [aac-(6')-Ib-cr, n = 14],
quinolones (qnrS1, n = 4), tetracyclines [tet(B), n = 14], sulfonamides (sul2, n = 14), and
trimethoprim (dfrA17, n = 13). Nonsynonymous chromosomal mutations in the housekeeping
genes parC and gyrA associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones were also detected
in multiple isolates. Although the phylogenomic investigation did not reveal evidence of
hospital-acquired transmissions, we observed two very similar strains collected from
patients in different hospitals. By characterizing a set of multidrug-resistant isolates
collected from a largely unexplored environment, this study highlights the added value for
WGS as an effective early warning system for emerging pathogens and
antimicrobial resistance.The ARES (AcadĂ©mie de la Recherche pour lâEnseignement SupĂ©rieur), Belgium.http://www.frontiersin.org/Microbiologyam2022Genetic
Pour une démocratie socio-environnementale : cadre pour une plate-forme participative « transition écologique »
Contribution publiĂ©e in Penser une dĂ©mocratie alimentaire Volume II â Proposition Lascaux entre ressources naturelles et besoins fondamentaux, F. Collart Dutilleul et T. BrĂ©ger (dir), Inida, San JosĂ©, 2014, pp. 87-111.International audienceLâanthropocĂšne triomphant actuel, avec ses forçages environnementaux et sociaux, est Ă lâorigine de lâaccĂ©lĂ©ration des dĂ©gradations des milieux de vie sur Terre et de lâaccentuation des tensions sociales et gĂ©opolitiques. Passer Ă un anthropocĂšne de gestion Ă©quitable, informĂ© et sobre vis-Ă -vis de toutes les ressources et dans tous les secteurs dâactivitĂ© (slow anthropocene), impose une analyse prĂ©alable sur lâensemble des activitĂ©s et des rapports humains. Cette transition dite « Ă©cologique », mais en rĂ©alitĂ© Ă la fois sociĂ©tale et Ă©cologique, est tout sauf un ajustement technique de secteurs dits prioritaires et technocratiques. Elle est avant tout culturelle, politique et philosophique au sens propre du terme. Elle est un horizon pour des trajectoires de dĂ©veloppement humain, pour des constructions sociales et Ă©conomiques, censĂ©es redĂ©finir socialement richesse, bien-ĂȘtre, travail etc. La dĂ©nomination « transition Ă©cologique » est largement vĂ©hiculĂ©e, mais ses bases conceptuelles ne sont pas entiĂšrement acquises ni mĂȘme Ă©laborĂ©es. Dans ce contexte, les Ă©tudiants en premiĂšre annĂ©e de Master BioSciences Ă lâEcole Normale SupĂ©rieure (ENS) de Lyon ont prĂ©parĂ© une premiĂšre Ă©tude analytique de ce changement radical et global de sociĂ©tĂ© pour mieux comprendre dans quelle sociĂ©tĂ© ils souhaitent vivre, en donnant du sens aux activitĂ©s humaines prĂ©sentes et Ă venir. Une trentaine de dossiers sur divers secteurs dâactivitĂ©s et acteurs de la sociĂ©tĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© produits et ont servis de support Ă cette synthĂšse. Plus largement, le but est de construire un socle conceptuel et une plate-forme de travail sur lesquels les questions de fond, mais aussi opĂ©rationnelles, peuvent ĂȘtre posĂ©es et Ă©tudiĂ©es en permanence. Cette dĂ©marche participative est ouverte Ă la collectivitĂ© sur le site http://institutmichelserres.ens-lyon.fr/
The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, RĂ©gion Ăle-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut fĂŒr Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ⌠5000, or two shorter ranges at R ⌠20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ⌠3 million stars and detailed abundances for ⌠1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ⌠0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey âŒÂ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe
The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey
facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022.
WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a
nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini'
integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a
dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366959\,nm at
, or two shorter ranges at . After summarising the
design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the
organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of
eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing
Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting
magnitude for 3 million stars and detailed abundances for
million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey million
Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand
the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive
spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey
neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and
kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in cluster galaxies;
(vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies
at ; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion
and star formation using million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources;
(viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at .
Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE
Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA
The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366â959\,nm at RâŒ5000, or two shorter ranges at RâŒ20000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for âŒ3 million stars and detailed abundances for âŒ1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey âŒ0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey âŒ400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z>2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
La baignade en riviĂšreâ: comment concilier les divers usages de lâeau en milieu naturel pour garantir la bonne qualitĂ© de lâeau de baignade ? Le cas du bassin de la Semois en RĂ©gion wallonne de Belgique
La pratique de la baignade dans les eaux naturelles européennes est permise et soumise à la Directive 2006/7/CE relative à la qualité des eaux de baignade. En Région wallonne de Belgique, 36 sites aménagés en riviÚres et en lacs permettent cette activité en pleine nature.
Ătant donnĂ© que les riviĂšres sont partagĂ©es par de multiples usagers, la complexitĂ© du milieu, les pressions diverses sur les ressources hydriques et la cohabitation avec dâautres usages de lâeau conduisent au risque de ne pouvoir garantir en permanence, durant la saison estivale, une qualitĂ© satisfaisante de toutes les eaux de baignade.
Le modĂšle wallon de contrat de riviĂšre offre un espace de rencontre entre tous les usagers de la riviĂšre en prenant en compte les prĂ©occupations de chacun en vue dâune gestion intĂ©grĂ©e des cours dâeau. Cette approche basĂ©e sur la recherche dâun consensus entre les acteurs est traduite dans un programme dâactions concrĂštes. Trois actions du contrat de riviĂšre Semois en faveur de la baignade sont prĂ©sentĂ©es. Les deux premiĂšres actions conduisent Ă une amĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© bactĂ©riologique de lâeau, la troisiĂšme permet de garantir un niveau dâeau suffisant pour permettre la baignade.
La premiĂšre action a donc permis dâamĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© bactĂ©riologique de la riviĂšre. Les riviĂšres Ă©tant les milieux rĂ©cepteurs des eaux usĂ©es, une source importante de contamination provient du rejet des effluents mĂȘme aprĂšs une station dâĂ©puration classique avec traitement biologique. Si le systĂšme de dĂ©sinfection des eaux par UV est rĂ©guliĂšrement appliquĂ© en RĂ©gion wallonne, lâinstallation pilote dâun taillis de saules Ă courte rotation en tant que support Ă un traitement tertiaire dâeaux usĂ©es domestiques a permis de constater un excellent abattement de la charge bactĂ©rienne. Ă cĂŽtĂ© de rĂ©sultats satisfaisants en termes de rĂ©duction des charges en nitrates et phosphates, le taillis de saules permet de rĂ©pondre aux normes de qualitĂ© des eaux de baignade.
La seconde rĂ©alisation concerne lâabreuvement du bĂ©tail en cours dâeau qui constitue un facteur de risque non nĂ©gligeable en milieu rural. Une nouvelle rĂ©glementation oblige la pose de clĂŽtures le long des cours dâeau localisĂ©s en zone pĂąturĂ©e par le bĂ©tail dans un pĂ©rimĂštre de 10 km en amont de la zone de baignade, mais il sâagit aussi de prĂ©server lâusage «âabreuvement du bĂ©tailâ». Une Ă©tude comparative, entre un ruisseau protĂ©gĂ© par des clĂŽtures avec lâinstallation de bacs abreuvoirs pour lâalimentation en eau du bĂ©tail et un cours dâeau non protĂ©gĂ© dans lequel le bĂ©tail divague, a permis de noter des abattements de lâordre de 2 Ă 3 unitĂ©s logarithmiques des germes de contamination fĂ©cale.
La troisiĂšme action est relative Ă la restauration dâun ancien barrage Ă valeur patrimoniale et paysagĂšre en vue de maintenir un niveau dâeau suffisant pour permettre la baignade dans lâun des huit sites en riviĂšre Semois officiellement reconnus.
Ces trois rĂ©alisations, qui ont Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©es dans le cadre dâun contrat de riviĂšre, permettent de dĂ©montrer lâintĂ©rĂȘt et la possibilitĂ© de concilier divers usages de lâeau et de rĂ©pondre aux prĂ©occupations des usagers, notamment des adeptes de la baignade en riviĂšre.
Au final, par lâorganisation annuelle des journĂ©es europĂ©ennes de la baignade qui se dĂ©roulent chaque annĂ©e en RĂ©gion wallonne, cette pratique populaire peut constituer un excellent support de sensibilisation du grand public Ă la bonne qualitĂ© des eaux de surface, tout en apportant un soutien citoyen Ă la mise en Ćuvre de la directive cadre eau
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