O Rapto das Sabinas: amor e poder em Tito Lívio e Ovídio

No presente estudo, apresentam-se os primeiros resultados de pesquisa sobre os cultos e festas sagradas (ludi) mencionados no primeiro livro da obra historiográfica Ab Vrbe Condita (lit. “Desde a fundação da Cidade”), escrita por Tito Lívio (59 a.C. – 17 d.C.). Aqui, vamos nos concentrar no episódio mitológico do rapto das mulheres sabinas (Liv. I.9.1-16), que trata da miscigenação dos romanos com o povo vizinho, apresentando-a como essencial para a fundação da cidade. Para melhor apreciar as noções envolvidas no discurso do historiógrafo, a narrativa do rapto será comparada à que o poeta Ovídio (43 a.C. – aprox. 17 d.C.), também autor atuante no período augustano, oferece aos leitores de sua Arte de Amar (Ars amatoria ou Ars amandi). Apreciando os excertos analisados, constatamos o quanto Tito Lívio efetivamente retrata tal miscigenação como tendo sido essencial para a fundação da cidade: para tanto, contribuem surpreendentes efeitos estilísticos de sua narrativa historiográfica

O DISCURSO PUBLICITÁRIO PRESENTE EM ANÚNCIOS DA NATURA

Este trabalho analisa estratégias utilizadas em anúncios publicitários institucionais da Natura, escolhidos por conveniência entre 1976 e 2010 e que incluem de alguma forma a representação do feminino. O objetivo principal foi identificar o posicionamento e as estratégias utilizadas em cada anúncio escolhido, comentando como e se remetem ao contexto em que estão inseridos.Palavras Chave: Estratégias; Posicionamento; NaturaResumenEste trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias actuales en anuncios Natura institucional 1976-2010. Inicialmente, tuvimos una conferencia sobre la evolución de la comunicación empresarial, disponible en su sitio web y, después de una selección de los anuncios que se destacan en el mercado. Para comprender el uso del lenguaje y enfoque innovador, tomada como principal objetivo identificar el posicionamiento y las estrategias utilizadas en cada anuncio, que se refieren al contexto en el que se insertan.Palabras-clave: Estrategias, Posicionamiento, Natura. AbstractThis work aims to analyze the strategies present in publicity advertisements institutionals of Natura since 1976 until 2010. Initially, was made a research about the evolution of communication of the company, available in its home page, and after a selection of the ads that were the most exceed in the market. To understand the use of language and innovative approach, was taken as main objective to identify the positioning and the strategies used in each advertisement, which refers to the context in which they are inserted.Keywords: Strategies. Positioning. Natur

Urban Occupation Increases Water Toxicity of an Important River in Central Brazil

Meia Ponte River supplies water for two million people in Goiás State, Brazil. Despite its importance, the Meia Ponte River faces serious environmental problems such as the disposal of domestic and industrial effluents, what could impact the aquatic biota and the health of people who consumes its water. In this sense, here we aimed to evaluate the environmental quality and toxicity of surface water along the course of this river. Physicochemical analyses of water at Goiânia urban perimeter were higher than the limits of Brazil environmental regulations for fresh water. In relation to the diversity of species, phytoplankton classes associated to polluted environments were detected closer to urban perimeter. Allium cepa bioassay suggested that this river may contain substances with mitogenic activity. This result is in accordance with genotoxic analysis, because it was observed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. This data reveal the genotoxic potential of Meia Ponte River water. This genotoxicity represents a risk for aquatic biota and humans, once the genotoxic agents in water samples might cause the loss of DNA integrity, inducing damages and DNA breaks. In this context, the water utilization from Meia Ponte River without any treatment should be avoided and public policies need to be formulated and implemented to depollute this important river for Goiás State.O rio Meia Ponte fornece água para dois milhões de pessoas no estado de Goiás, Brasil. Apesar de sua importância, o rio Meia Ponte enfrenta sérios problemas ambientais, como o lançamento de efluentes domésticos e industriais, o que pode impactar a biota aquática e a saúde das pessoas que consomem sua água. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho tivemos como objetivo avaliar a qualidade e a toxicidade das águas superficiais ao longo deste rio. As análises físico-químicas da água no perímetro urbano de Goiânia apresentaram alguns parâmetros fora dos limites das regulamentações ambientais do Brasil. Em relação à diversidade de espécies, foram detectadas classes de fitoplâncton associadas a ambientes poluídos. O ensaio com Allium cepa sugere que este rio pode conter substâncias com atividade mitogênica. Este resultado está de acordo com a análise genotóxica, pois se observou um aumento significativo nas aberrações cromossômicas. Estes dados revelam o potencial genotóxico da água do rio Meia Ponte. Esta genotoxicidade representa um risco para a biota aquática e os seres humanos, uma vez que os agentes genotóxicos em amostras de água podem causar a perda de integridade do DNA, induzindo danos e rupturas de DNA. Nesse contexto, a utilização da água do Rio Meia Ponte, sem qualquer tratamento, deve ser evitada, e políticas públicas precisam ser formuladas e implementadas para despoluir este importante rio para o estado de Goiás

Produção de alimentos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar: desafios da regulação sanitária

This is a descriptive character study of the responses of the research project and extent of partnership between federal university teachers and students and a group of sustainable agriculture, owners of a small agribusiness in the state of Goiás. The goal was to implement good manufacturing practices for food aimed at health suitability of products to be marketed for the National School Feeding Programme. We carried out the in situ diagnosis of the labor process developed by farmers and proposed a training program on Good Agricultural Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices. The training took place in thirteen face meetings, total of 100 hours and used different methodological approaches. Also conducted research shelf life and definition of nutritional labeling of products manufactured. Microbiological analyzes met the microbiological standards of the National Health Surveillance Agency. We observed a great interest of group in collective construction activities. Defined the validity of sixteen products analyzed and their respective labels. The activity reached the proposed objectives, such as technical assistance and training in good practices to the group with the potential to meet the sanitary requirements for the food commerce from sustainable agriculture the to school feeding.Este estudo de caráter descritivo configura uma das respostas de projeto de pesquisa e extensão de parceria entre docentes e acadêmicos de uma instituição de ensino superior e um grupo de agricultoras familiares, proprietárias de uma pequena agroindústria no estado de Goiás. O objetivo foi implementar boas práticas de fabricação de alimentos com vistas à adequação sanitária de produtos destinados à comercialização para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Realizou-se o diagnóstico in loco do processo de trabalho desenvolvido pelas agricultoras e propôs-se um programa de formação em Boas Práticas Agrícolas e Boas Práticas de Fabricação. A formação ocorreu em treze encontros presenciais, totalizando 100 horas com diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Realizou-se também pesquisa da vida de prateleira e elaboração da rotulagem nutricional dos produtos fabricados. As análises microbiológicas realizadas obedeceram aos padrões microbiológicos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Observou-se grande interesse das agricultoras nas atividades fundamentadas na construção coletiva. Definiu-se o prazo de validade dos dezesseis produtos analisados e sua respectiva rotulagem. A atividade alcançou os objetivos propostos, como contribuição técnica e formação em boas práticas a um grupo com potencial em atender às exigências sanitárias quanto à comercialização de alimentos oriundos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar

Determination of βS haplotypes in patients with sickle-cell anemia in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

βS haplotypes were studied in 47 non-related patients with sickle-cell anemia from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Molecular analysis was conducted by PCR/RFLP using restriction endonucleases XmnI, HindIII, HincII and HinfI to analyze six polymorphic sites from the beta cluster. Twenty-seven patients (57.5%) were identified with genotype CAR/CAR, 9 (19.1%) CAR/BEN, 6 (12.8%) CAR/CAM, 1 (2.1%) BEN/BEN, 2 (4.3%) CAR/Atp, 1 (2.1%) BEN/Atp and 1 (2.1%) with genotype Atp/Atp. The greater frequency of Cameroon haplotypes compared to other Brazilian states suggests the existence of a peculiarity of African origin in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

Dental Occlusion in a Split Amazon Indigenous Population: Genetics Prevails over Environment

Background: Studies examining human and nonhuman primates have supported the hypothesis that the recent increase in the occurrence of misalignment of teeth and/or incorrect relation of dental arches, named dental malocclusion, is mainly attributed to the availability of a more processed diet and the reduced need for powerful masticatory action. For the first time on live human populations, genetic and tooth wear influences on occlusal variation were examined in a split indigenous population. The Arara-Iriri people are descendants of a single couple expelled from a larger village. In the resultant village, expansion occurred through the mating of close relatives, resulting in marked genetic cohesion with substantial genetic differences. Methodology/Principal Findings: Dental malocclusion, tooth wear and inbreeding coefficient were evaluated. The sample examined was composed of 176 individuals from both villages. Prevalence Ratio and descriptive differences in the outcomes frequency for each developmental stage of the dentition were considered. Statistical differences between the villages were examined using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact statistic. Tooth wear and the inbreeding coefficient (F) between the villages was tested with Mann-Whitney statistics. All the statistics were performed using two-tailed distribution at p#0.05. The coefficient inbreeding (F) confirmed the frequent incestuous unions among the Arara-Iriri indigenous group. Despite the tooth wear similarities, we found a striking difference in occlusal patterns between the two Arara villages. In the original village, dental malocclusion was present in about one third of the population; whilst in the resultant village, the occurrence was almost doubled. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics of malocclusion were strongly different between the groups. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings downplay the widespread influence of tooth wear, a direct evidence of what an individual ate in the past, on occlusal variation of living human populations. They also suggest that genetics plays the most important role on dental malocclusion etiology

β-globin haplotypes in normal and hemoglobinopathic individuals from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil

Five restriction site polymorphisms in the β-globin gene cluster (HincII-5‘ ε, HindIII-G γ, HindIII-A γ, HincII- ψβ1 and HincII-3‘ ψβ1) were analyzed in three populations (n = 114) from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil. The groups included two urban populations from the towns of Cachoeira and Maragojipe and one rural Afro-descendant population, known as the “quilombo community”, from Cachoeira municipality. The number of haplotypes found in the populations ranged from 10 to 13, which indicated higher diversity than in the parental populations. The haplotypes 2 (+ - - - -), 3 (- - - - +), 4 (- + - - +) and 6 (- + + - +) on the βA chromosomes were the most common, and two haplotypes, 9 (- + + + +) and 14 (+ + - - +), were found exclusively in the Maragojipe population. The other haplotypes (1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16) had lower frequencies. Restriction site analysis and the derived haplotypes indicated homogeneity among the populations. Thirty-two individuals with hemoglobinopathies (17 sickle cell disease, 12 HbSC disease and 3 HbCC disease) were also analyzed. The haplotype frequencies of these patients differed significantly from those of the general population. In the sickle cell disease subgroup, the predominant haplotypes were BEN (Benin) and CAR (Central African Republic), with frequencies of 52.9% and 32.4%, respectively. The high frequency of the BEN haplotype agreed with the historical origin of the afro-descendant population in the state of Bahia. However, this frequency differed from that of Salvador, the state capital, where the CAR and BEN haplotypes have similar frequencies, probably as a consequence of domestic slave trade and subsequent internal migrations to other regions of Brazil

Immunity and vaccine development efforts against Trypanosoma cruzi

Artículo de revisión especializadoTrypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent for Chagas disease (CD). There is a critical lack of methods for prevention of infection or treatment of acute infection and chronic disease. Studies in experimental models have suggested that the protective immunity against T. cruzi infection requires the elicitation of Th1 cytokines, lytic antibodies and the concerted activities of macrophages, T helper cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this review, we summarize the research efforts in vaccine development to date and the challenges faced in achieving an efficient prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human CD.UTM