A alteração à lei da nacionalidade (2020): uma solução para a apatridia na comunidade de ascendência PALOP em Portugal?

A emigração Portuguesa na década de 1960 e a independência das colônias Africanas na década de 1970, mudou o entendimento do Estado Português relativamente à concessão da nacionalidade Portuguesa. A partir da Lei da Nacionalidade Portuguesa (Lei n.º 37/81, de 3 de outubro), Portugal passou a valorizar o princípio do ius sanguinis e restringindo o acesso à nacionalidade pelo princípio do ius soli (Oliveira, Gomes & Santos, 2017), gerando impactos negativos, sobretudo em relação aos filhos de imigrantes irregulares de Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) cuja a nacionalidade não tenha sido reconhecida por nenhum Estado nessa altura. Em 2020, dá-se a nona alteração à Lei da Nacionalidade (Lei Orgânica n.º 2/2020 de 10 de novembro), revalorizando o caminho rumo ao princípio ius soli já encetado em 2006 pelo Governo do Partido Socialista (Lei N.º 2/2006) e permitindo que os filhos de pais estrangeiros, mesmo em situação irregular, possam adquirir a nacionalidade Portuguesa mediante o preenchimento de determinados requisitos legais. Dado este contexto, reconhecendo o acesso a uma nacionalidade como integrante essencial dos Direitos Humanos, a presente investigação analisa a última alteração à Lei da Nacionalidade (2020) abrange a população afetada pela condição de apatridia desde 1981 e quais foram os atores políticos que proporcionaram esta alteração.The Portuguese emigration in the 1960s and the independence of the African colonies in the 1970s changed the Portuguese State's understanding of the granting of Portuguese nationality. From the Portuguese Nationality Law (Law No. 37/81, of October 3rd), Portugal started to value the principle of ius sanguinis and restricting access to nationality by the principle of ius soli (Oliveira, Gomes & Santos, 2017), generating negative impacts, especially in relation to the children of irregular immigrants from Portuguese-speaking African countries (PALOP) whose nationality was not recognized by any State at that time. In 2020, the ninth amendment to the Portuguese Nationality Law takes place (Organic Law No. 2/2020 of 10 November), revaluing the path towards the ius soli principle already initiated in 2006 by the Government of the Socialist Party (Law No. 2/2006) and allowing children of foreign parents, even in an irregular situation, to acquire Portuguese nationality by fulfilling certain legal requirements. Given this context, recognizing access to a nationality as an essential part of Human Rights, this research intends to analyse whether the latest amendment to the Nationality Law (2020) covers the population affected by the state of statelessness since 1981 and who were the political actors who provided this change

ENVELHECIMENTO: RELAÇÕES PESSOAIS E FAMILIARES

Esta investigação faz parte de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva que é um estudo comparativo entre as realidades de idosos brasileiros e espanhóis, pesquisados em municípios de abrangência da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul e da Universidade de Barcelona. Apresenta-se aqui o contexto social e as relações familiares dos idosos que vivem nestas duas realidades. Apesar de uma amostra grande, com 510 sujeitos de cada país, foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada que foi gravada e transcrita na íntegra para análise de conteúdo. Salientam-se as diferenças culturais e econômicas que acabam interferindo na forma de viver e sentir estas experiências e que podem ser vistas nos resultados qualitativos da pesquisa

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Perfil nutricional e incidências patológicas dos idosos atendidos na clínica escola de Nutrição de Juazeiro do Norte-CE

Knowing that the feeding and the nutritional state are factors of extreme importance for the increase of the life expectancy, the present study it has as purpose to evaluate the nutritional state of the aged, to know the main patologics that go for them and to verify the existence of relation between the patologics and the nutritional state. The research is characterized as descriptive exploratory with transversal delineation and quantitative boarding, where the participants of the research were aged above 60 years of both the sex taken care of in the Clinical School of Nutrition Doctor Zilda Arns, in the year of 2015. The Weight, Height, IMC were analysed the data of handbooks, referring, RCQ and patologics referred to for the same. It was obtained as resulted that 65.9% of the women and 60% of the men were classified according to IMC with Excess of Weight, 64.4% had presented risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Amongst the main cited patologics she was highlighted Diabetes and hypertension presenting itself in 30,50% of the aged. One also evidenced that the weight excess favours the appearance of not transmissible the chronic diseases, since 64.4% of the patients with this nutritional state presented these types of diseases. These findings strengthen the necessity of a work of nutritional education along the life for the maintenance of nutritional good condition during all the phases of the life, avoiding as soon as in the oldness the diseases are developed that are related directly with the nutritional state.Sabendo que a alimentação e o estado nutricional são fatores de extrema importância para o aumento da expectativa de vida, o presente estudo tem como finalidade avaliar o estado nutricional dos idosos, conhecer as principais patologias que os acometem e verificar a existência de relação entre as patologias e o estado nutricional. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva exploratória com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, onde os participantes da pesquisa foram idosos acima de 60 anos de ambos os sexos atendidos na Clínica Escola de Nutrição Doutora Zilda Arns, no ano de 2015. Foram analisados os dados dos prontuários, referentes a Peso, Altura, IMC, RCQ e patologias referidas pelos mesmos. Obteve-se como resultado que 65,9% das mulheres e 60% dos homens foram classificados segundo IMC com Excesso de Peso, 64,4% apresentaram risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Dentre as principais patologias referidas destacou-se a Diabetes e hipertensão apresentando-se em 30,50% dos idosos. Constatou-se também que o excesso de peso favorece o aparecimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, já que 64,4% dos pacientes com esse estado nutricional apresentavam esses tipos de doenças. Esses achados reforçam a necessidade de um trabalho de educação nutricional ao longo da vida para a manutenção do bom estado nutricional durante todas as fases da vida, evitando assim que na velhice se desenvolvam as doenças que são relacionadas diretamente com o estado nutricional