Uncertainty in the measurement of toxic metals mobility in mining/mineral wastes by standardized BCR®SEP

Mining residues management is one of the greatest challenges for mining companies around the world. The increasing consciousness of the general public and governments about the potential threat that those residues can pose to the environment is demanding consistent and precise methodologies for assessing the potential release of toxic metals. On this regard, the modified BCR® sequential extraction procedure (SEP) is frequently the chosen assessing protocol. However, this protocol was designed to study soils and sediments with low to moderate metal pollution, and validation of its applicability to mining residues is missing. The present research covers this gap of knowledge by subjecting selected highly polluted mining residues to the modified BCR®SEP. On the light of these results, it was confirmed that most of the metal bearing minerals in the mining residues were not completely dissolved in the corresponding SEP and, therefore, the application of BCR®SEP to mining residues systematically leads to an underestimation of metals mobility. The necessary changes to optimize the BCR®SEP to study mining residues would set a extraction procedure distinctively different from the original; thus it is strongly recommended to use alternative approaches to assess toxic metals mobility in highly polluted mining residues

Caracterización de pacientes con patologías tiroideas intervenidos quirúrgicamente

Fundamento: las enfermedades tiroideas requieren frecuentemente de atención en los servicios de salud, para lo que se emplea como pilar de tratamiento la intervención quirúrgica. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de los pacientes con afecciones quirúrgicas del tiroides, atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Provincial Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río, durante 2013-2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo que incluyó a 312 pacientes del hospital Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río, intervenidos quirúrgicamente por presentar patologías tiroideas, durante 2013-2015. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, afecciones tiroideas, sensibilidad y especificidad del diagnóstico citohistológico, procedimiento quirúrgico empleado y complicaciones posquirúrgicas. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó utilizando frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: predominaron las féminas (85,26 %) y el grupo etáreo 36-50 años (43,59 %). Se constató mediante los estudios citohistológicos predominio del carcinoma folicular (29,17 %) y globalmente de las afecciones benignas (61,53 %). La correlación entre estudios citológicos y la biopsia demostró que el 4,42 % de los resultados fueron negativos falsos y el 3,09 % positivos falsos, de forma que durante la validación del procedimiento citológico se tuvo una sensibilidad de 94,95 % y una especificidad de 97,30 %. La hemitiroidectomía fue el procedimiento quirúrgico más empleado (67,31 %), entre las principales complicaciones posquirúrgicas estuvieron la disfonía transitoria (9,29 %) y la hipocalcemia transitoria (5,45 %). Conclusiones: las patologías tiroideas predominaron en féminas e individuos entre 36 y 50 años, fueron diagnosticadas mediante estudios citohistológicos. Predominó el carcinoma folicular y de forma global las afecciones benignas, se recurrió a la hemitiroidectomía y se presenciaron pocas complicaciones posquirúrgicas

Caracterización de pacientes con patologías tiroideas intervenidos quirúrgicamente

Fundamento: las enfermedades tiroideas requieren frecuentemente de atención en los servicios de salud, para lo que se emplea como pilar de tratamiento la intervención quirúrgica. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de los pacientes con afecciones quirúrgicas del tiroides, atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Provincial Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río, durante 2013-2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo que incluyó a 312 pacientes del hospital Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río, intervenidos quirúrgicamente por presentar patologías tiroideas, durante 2013-2015. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, afecciones tiroideas, sensibilidad y especificidad del diagnóstico citohistológico, procedimiento quirúrgico empleado y complicaciones posquirúrgicas. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó utilizando frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: predominaron las féminas (85,26 %) y el grupo etáreo 36-50 años (43,59 %). Se constató mediante los estudios citohistológicos predominio del carcinoma folicular (29,17 %) y globalmente de las afecciones benignas (61,53 %). La correlación entre estudios citológicos y la biopsia demostró que el 4,42 % de los resultados fueron negativos falsos y el 3,09 % positivos falsos, de forma que durante la validación del procedimiento citológico se tuvo una sensibilidad de 94,95 % y una especificidad de 97,30 %. La hemitiroidectomía fue el procedimiento quirúrgico más empleado (67,31 %), entre las principales complicaciones posquirúrgicas estuvieron la disfonía transitoria (9,29 %) y la hipocalcemia transitoria (5,45 %). Conclusiones: las patologías tiroideas predominaron en féminas e individuos entre 36 y 50 años, fueron diagnosticadas mediante estudios citohistológicos. Predominó el carcinoma folicular y de forma global las afecciones benignas, se recurrió a la hemitiroidectomía y se presenciaron pocas complicaciones posquirúrgicas

Design and implementation of support and planning for 360º recording. Recording techniques (video and audio) and resolution of problems derived from it: application to the recording of institutional and scientific dissemination videos. Part IV

Los resultados obtenidos en el PIE 387 se pueden visitar en las siguientes páginas web: - Proyecto 360: Cortometraje ¿Marco? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeKNyN631Q0&t=60s - Proyectos de divulgación científica CSIC: 1. Instituto de investigación del Hospital Gregorio Marañón-CSIC: https://youtu.be/_GYO955Q-vo 2. CENIM-CSIC: https://youtu.be/meabgI0YWok 3. ITEFI-CSIC: https://youtu.be/l7ngKGqrRYsLa grabación 360º, cada vez más presente en el entorno audiovisual por la aparición del Metaverso como nuevo espacio de comunicación, está derivando hacia variaciones sustanciales en la forma de narrar y producir contenidos audiovisuales con respecto a las técnicas tradicionales. La posibilidad de sumergir al espectador en un entorno totalmente inmersivo en el que cada punto de vista de atención es seleccionado por el propio espectador, implica un cambio de paradigma en el papel que ejerce el director o realizador como creador y narrador de los acontecimientos. El espectador elige su propio punto de vista para contemplar la escena narrada. El dominio de la tecnología es fundamental para llegar a la excelencia en la producción audiovisual. Profundizar e investigar todas las posibilidades técnicas de la grabación 360º antes de aplicarlo al mundo profesional es el objetivo en el que llevamos trabajando una serie de profesores adscritos en este proyecto desde el curso 2018-2019. El objetivo es, mediante el trabajo con alumnos a través de prácticas aplicadas a la experiencia real, diseñar un protocolo que permita planificar creaciones de grabación 360º tanto en lo relacionado con el vídeo como con el audio. Creemos que ese protocolo empieza a estar consolidad a tenor de los resultados conseguidos. Para ello, llevamos dos cursos colaborando con la profesora Dña. Teresa García Nieto, dentro del proyecto ‘Científic@s en prácticas’ mediante un convenio con el CSIC. En concreto, los proyectos de Innovación Educativa que lidera la profesora Nieto son el proyecto nº 262 Innova-Docencia (curso 2020-2021) y el Proyecto nº 189 (curso 2021-2022) titulado “Universidad y sociedad: comunicación, integración y colaboración con empresas e instituciones públicas y organizaciones no lucrativas. Nuevas aplicaciones”. Además de realizar los vídeos institucionales para laboratorios institucionales del CSIC, como el laboratorio de Arqueobiología http://cchs.csic.es/es/research-lab/laboratorios-id-arqueologia-laboratorio-arqueobiologia-arqbio , hacemos la grabación 360 para conjugar técnicas tradicionales con inmersivas. Y en todo el proceso, están los alumnos implicados, una vez que reciben la formación específica por parte del profesorado adscrito al proyecto. El objetivo es crear producciones audiovisuales en 360º que divulguen la labor desarrollada en el organismo, integrando a los alumnos del Grado de Comunicación Audiovisual, para que aprendan esta técnica de grabación e implementen nuevas fórmulas narrativas asociadas a la misma. El proyecto ‘Científic@s en prácticas’ consiste en tratar de captar vocación científica entre alumnos preuniversitarios, por lo que creemos que la producción audiovisual puede servir de estímulo para que estos alumnos de la ESO puedan comprender la naturaleza de los objetivos del proyecto en el que participan. El proyecto resulta innovador por dos motivos principales: el alumnado aprende directamente sobre un proyecto real la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías de producción audiovisual y, al mismo tiempo, aprenden a elaborar protocolos mediante el aprendizaje de metodologías de investigación derivadas de aplicaciones y estudios sobre el proceso. Además, dada la novedad de esta tecnología 360º, ninguna asignatura del Grado de Comunicación Audiovisual, Publicidad o Periodismo aborda esta materia entre sus contenidos.Depto. de Ciencias de la Comunicación AplicadaFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFac. de Bellas ArtesFALSEsubmitte

Clinical Presentation and Short- and Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis vs Proximal Deep Vein Thrombosis in the RIETE Registry

International audienceImportance: Insufficient data exist about the clinical presentation, short-term, and long-term outcomes of patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT), that is, thrombosis in infrapopliteal veins without proximal extension or pulmonary embolism (PE).Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics, short-term, and 1-year outcomes in patients with IDDVT and to compare the outcomes in unadjusted and multivariable adjusted analyses with patients who had proximal DVT.Design, setting, and participants: This was a multicenter, international cohort study in participating sites of the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad Tromboembólica (RIETE) registry conducted from March 1, 2001, through February 28, 2021. Patients included in this study had IDDVT. Patients with proximal DVT were identified for comparison. Patients were excluded if they had a history of asymptomatic DVT, upper-extremity DVT, coexisting PE, or COVID-19 infection.Main outcomes and measures: Primary outcomes were 90-day and 1-year mortality, 1-year major bleeding, and 1-year venous thromboembolism (VTE) deterioration, which was defined as subsequent development of proximal DVT or PE.Results: A total of 33 897 patients were identified with isolated DVT (without concomitant PE); 5938 (17.5%) had IDDVT (mean [SD] age, 61 [17] years; 2975 male patients [50.1%]), and 27 959 (82.5%) had proximal DVT (mean [SD] age, 65 [18] years; 14 315 male patients [51.2%]). Compared with individuals with proximal DVT, those with IDDVT had a lower comorbidity burden but were more likely to have had recent surgery or to have received hormonal therapy. Patients with IDDVT had lower risk of 90-day mortality compared with those with proximal DVT (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.40-0.55). Findings were similar in 1-year unadjusted analyses (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.46-0.59) and adjusted analyses (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64-0.82). Patients with IDDVT had a lower 1-year hazard of VTE deterioration (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99). In 1-year adjusted analyses of patients without an adverse event within the first 3 months, IDDVT was associated with lower risk of VTE deterioration (adjusted HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24-0.97). By 1-year follow-up, symptoms or signs of postthrombotic syndrome were less common in patients with IDDVT (47.6% vs 60.5%).Conclusions and relevance: Results of this cohort study suggest that patients with IDDVT had a less ominous prognosis compared with patients with proximal DVT. Such differences were likely multifactorial, including the differences in demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, particularly for all-cause mortality, and a potential association of thrombus location with VTE deterioration and postthrombotic syndrome. Randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the optimal long-term management of IDDVT

Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in intensive care unit study

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVES: To provide a global, up-to-date picture of the prevalence, treatment, and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients and compare Candida with bacterial bloodstream infection. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in the ICU Study (EPIC II). Demographic, physiological, infection-related and therapeutic data were collected. Patients were grouped as having Candida, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and combined Candida/bacterial bloodstream infection. Outcome data were assessed at intensive care unit and hospital discharge. SETTING: EPIC II included 1265 intensive care units in 76 countries. PATIENTS: Patients in participating intensive care units on study day. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 14,414 patients in EPIC II, 99 patients had Candida bloodstream infections for a prevalence of 6.9 per 1000 patients. Sixty-one patients had candidemia alone and 38 patients had combined bloodstream infections. Candida albicans (n = 70) was the predominant species. Primary therapy included monotherapy with fluconazole (n = 39), caspofungin (n = 16), and a polyene-based product (n = 12). Combination therapy was infrequently used (n = 10). Compared with patients with Gram-positive (n = 420) and Gram-negative (n = 264) bloodstream infections, patients with candidemia were more likely to have solid tumors (p < .05) and appeared to have been in an intensive care unit longer (14 days [range, 5-25 days], 8 days [range, 3-20 days], and 10 days [range, 2-23 days], respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Severity of illness and organ dysfunction scores were similar between groups. Patients with Candida bloodstream infections, compared with patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream infections, had the greatest crude intensive care unit mortality rates (42.6%, 25.3%, and 29.1%, respectively) and longer intensive care unit lengths of stay (median [interquartile range]) (33 days [18-44], 20 days [9-43], and 21 days [8-46], respectively); however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Candidemia remains a significant problem in intensive care units patients. In the EPIC II population, Candida albicans was the most common organism and fluconazole remained the predominant antifungal agent used. Candida bloodstream infections are associated with high intensive care unit and hospital mortality rates and resource use

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study

Aim: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Method: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were divided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7%; routine NGT 5.2%; reactive NGT 10.6%; prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.87, P = 0.932). Conclusion: In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion