Reporte de formación complementaria en área de concentración en diseño electrónico de alta frecuencia

The present reception document describes the most relevant works for the master in electronic design, where there were several interesting subjects from technical and strategical areas but getting as a most important area to me high-frequency studies. The high-frequency studies helped me comprehend all phenomena that need to be considered when designing high-speed signals for computing servers such as DDR, PCIe, etc

Association study of genetic variants of pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine genes in systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence suggest that chemokines and cytokines play an important role in the inflammatory development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of functional genetic variations of RANTES, IL-8, IL-1α, and MCP-1 for systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: The study was conducted on 500 SLE patients and 481 ethnically matched healthy controls. Genotyping of polymorphisms in the RANTES, IL-8, IL-1α, and MCP-1 genes were performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system with pre-developed TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS: No significant differences between SLE patients and healthy controls were observed when comparing genotype, allele or haplotype frequencies of the RANTES, IL-8, IL-1α, and MCP-1 polymorphisms. In addition, no evidence for association with clinical sub-features of SLE was found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the tested functional variation of RANTES, IL-8, IL-1α, and MCP-1 genes do not confer a relevant role in the susceptibility or severity of SLE in the Spanish population

Disruption of the CCL1-CCR8 axis inhibits vascular Treg recruitment and function and promotes atherosclerosis in mice

The CC chemokine 1 (CCL1, also called I-309 or TCA3) is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes that plays an important role in inflammatory processes and diseases through binding to its receptor CCR8. Here, we investigated the role of the CCL1-CCR8 axis in atherosclerosis. We found increased expression of CCL1 in the aortas of atherosclerosis-prone fat-fed apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-null mice; moreover, in vitro flow chamber assays and in vivo intravital microscopy demonstrated an essential role for CCL1 in leukocyte recruitment. Mice doubly deficient for CCL1 and Apoe exhibited enhanced atherosclerosis in aorta, which was associated with reduced plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10, an increased splenocyte Th1/Th2 ratio, and a reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) content in aorta and spleen. Reduced Treg recruitment and aggravated atherosclerosis were also detected in the aortas of fat-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice treated with CCR8 blocking antibodies. These findings demonstrate that disruption of the CCL1-CCR8 axis promotes atherosclerosis by inhibiting interleukin 10 production and Treg recruitment and function.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU, grants SAF2016-79490-R and SAF2014-57845-R) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, grants PI14/00526, PI17/01395, CP11/00145, and CPII16/00022) with co-funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, “Una manera de hacer Europa”), the Fundación Ramón Areces, European Union (EuroCellNet COST Action CA15214) and the INSERM. VZG is supported by the ISCIII, JMG-G by the ISCIII Miguel Servet Program and the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), AdMM by the MCIU (predoctoral contract BES-2014-06779), and ZM by a British Heart Foundation Professorship. The CNIC is supported by the MCIU and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S

Preferential Binding to Elk-1 by SLE-Associated IL10 Risk Allele Upregulates IL10 Expression

Immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is elevated in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) correlating with disease activity. The established association of IL10 with SLE and other autoimmune diseases led us to fine map causal variant(s) and to explore underlying mechanisms. We assessed 19 tag SNPs, covering the IL10 gene cluster including IL19, IL20 and IL24, for association with SLE in 15,533 case and control subjects from four ancestries. The previously reported IL10 variant, rs3024505 located at 1 kb downstream of IL10, exhibited the strongest association signal and was confirmed for association with SLE in European American (EA) (P = 2.7×10-8, OR = 1.30), but not in non-EA ancestries. SNP imputation conducted in EA dataset identified three additional SLE-associated SNPs tagged by rs3024505 (rs3122605, rs3024493 and rs3024495 located at 9.2 kb upstream, intron 3 and 4 of IL10, respectively), and SLE-risk alleles of these SNPs were dose-dependently associated with elevated levels of IL10 mRNA in PBMCs and circulating IL-10 protein in SLE patients and controls. Using nuclear extracts of peripheral blood cells from SLE patients for electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified specific binding of transcription factor Elk-1 to oligodeoxynucleotides containing the risk (G) allele of rs3122605, suggesting rs3122605 as the most likely causal variant regulating IL10 expression. Elk-1 is known to be activated by phosphorylation and nuclear localization to induce transcription. Of interest, phosphorylated Elk-1 (p-Elk-1) detected only in nuclear extracts of SLE PBMCs appeared to increase with disease activity. Co-expression levels of p-Elk-1 and IL-10 were elevated in SLE T, B cells and monocytes, associated with increased disease activity in SLE B cells, and were best downregulated by ERK inhibitor. Taken together, our data suggest that preferential binding of activated Elk-1 to the IL10 rs3122605-G allele upregulates IL10 expression and confers increased risk for SLE in European Americans.Peer Reviewe

Caracterización y obtención de cepas mejoradas de hongos entomopatógenos.

IP 2251-12-330-95Incluye también Etapa 3.aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana de una coleccion de hongosentomopatogenos de Cenicafe / Beatriz Elena;Valdes Duque, Patricia Eugenia Velez Arango. -- En: Revista colombiana deentomologia. -- vol. 24, no. 1-2;(ene.-jun. 1998); p.61-66. -- ISSN 01200488 -- Analisis delavariabilidadgenetica del hongo entomopatogeno;Beauveria bassiana con marcadores RAPD / Ana Milena ValderramaF., Marco Aurelio Cristancho A., Bernardo;Chaves C. -- En: Revista colombiana de entomologia. -- vol. 26,no. 1-2 (ene.-jun. 2001); p. 25-29. -- ISSN;01200488 -- Estandarizacion de una metodologia para obtener cultivos monoesporicos del hongo Beauveria;bassiana / Maria Nancy Estrada V., Patricia E. Velez A., JuanCarlos LopezN. -- En: Cenicafe : revista del;Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Cafe. -- vol. 48, no. 1(ene.-mar. 1997); p. 59-65. -- ISSN 01200488 --;detection of Beauvericin from the entomopathogenic fungus: Beauveria bassiana / J.W.V. Arboleda, F.B. Deldago;and A.J. Valencia. -- En: International Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control (ICIPMC),;Annual Meeting of the SIP, International Conference on BacillusThuringiensis (ICBt). (8, 25, 6 : 2002 Aug.;18-23) -- ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Actividad enzimatica dehongosy su patogenicidad sobre Hypothenemus hampei;/ Fernando Delgado Blandon, Yamel Lopez Forero, Elsa MariaGiraldo Cardozo. -- En: Revista manejo integrado de;plagas. -- No. 60 (2001); p. 43-49 -- Actividad lipoliticay proteoliticade Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium;anisopliae y su relacion con la patogenicidad sobre Hypothenemushampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) / Elsa Maria;Giraldo Cardozo ... [et al.]. -- En: Revista colombiana deentomologia. --vol. 27, no. 1-2 (ene.-jun. 2001);p. 61-65. -- ISSN 01200488 -- Caracterizacion de aislamientosdeBeauveriabassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae;de la coleccion de Cenicafe / Patricia E. Velez A... [et al.].-'- en: Revista colombiana de entomologia. --;vol. 25, no. 3-4 (jul.-dic. 1999); p. 191-207. -- ISSN 012488'-- Caracterizacion bioquimica cualitativa de;Colombiana de Entomologia, Socolen (28 : 2001 ago. 8-10 :Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28;cm. -- Avances en el estudio de la toxina beauvericina producidapor el hongo Beauveria bassiana patogenico a;Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) / JorgeWilliam Arboleda V., Fernando Delgado B. -- En:;Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia, Socolen(28:2001 ago.8-10 : Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l.;: s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28 cm. -- Biologia de Phymastichus coffeaLasalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae);endoparasitoide de la broca del cafe, en tres altitudes diferentes de la zonacafetera colombiana / Fernando;Cantor R. ... [et al.]. -- En: Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia, Socolen (28 : 2001 ago. 8-10;: Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28 cm.--Produccion de anticuerpos policlonales para;deteccion de Beauvericina del hongo entomopatogeno Beauverianabassiana /Jorge W. Arboleda V., Fernando;Delgado B., Arnubio Valencia J. -- En: Congreso de la SociedadColombianade Entomologia, Socolen. (29 : 2002;jul. 18-19 : Monteria, Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 2002 --p.;28 cm. --Polyclonal antibodies productions to;Caracterizacion de cultivos monoesporicos del hongo Beauveriabassiana / Maria Nancy Estrada Valencia,;Patricia Eugenia Velez Arango, Esther Cecilia Montoya Restrepo.'-- en: Cenicafe : revista del Centro Nacional;de Investigaciones de Cafe. -- vol. 48, no. 4 (oct.-dic. 1997);p. 217-224. -- ISSN 01200275 -- Esporulacion,;germinacion y patogenicidad de aislamientos monoesporicosde Beauveria bassiana / Maria Nancy Estrada Velez;... [et al.]. -- Cenicafe : revista del Centro Nacional deInvestigacionesde Cafe. -- vol. 50, no. 1;(ene.-mar. 1999); p. 5-23. -- ISSN 01200275 -- Caracterizacionenzimaticay patogenicidad de aislamientos de;Beauveria bassiana sobre la broca del cafe / Beatriz ElenaValdes D., Patricia Eugenia Velez Arango, Esther;Cecilia Montoya Restrepo. -- Cenicafe : revista del CentroNacional de Investigaciones de Cafe. -- vol. 50,;no. 2 (abr.-jun. 1999); p. 106-118. -- ISSN 01200275 -- Evaluacion en campo de un aislamiento de Beauveria;bassiana seleccionado por resistencia a la luz ultravioleta /Sandra Patricia Tobar H., Patricia Eugenia Velez;Arango, Esther Cecilia Montoya Restrepo. -- En: Revista del Centro Internacional de Investigacion de Cafe. --;01200275.;PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Transformacion de Beauveria bassianacon la proteina verde fluorescente y proteasas;de Metarhizium anisopliae / Carmenza E. Gongora B. -- En:Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia,;Socolen (28 : 2001 ago. 8-10 : Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l.: s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28 cm. -- Taller con;caficultores experimentadores para evaluar Beauveria bassianaenel control de Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari);(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) / Francisco Javier Posada Florez...[et al.]. --En: Congreso de la Socieda

p73 Plays a Role in Erythroid Differentiation through GATA1 Induction*

The TP73 gene gives rise to transactivation domain-p73 isoforms (TAp73) as well as ΔNp73 variants with a truncated N terminus. Although TAp73α and -β proteins are capable of inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation, ΔNp73 acts in many cell types as a dominant-negative repressor of p53 and TAp73. It has been proposed that p73 is involved in myeloid differentiation, and its altered expression is involved in leukemic degeneration. However, there is little evidence as to which p73 variants (TA or ΔN) are expressed during differentiation and whether specific p73 isoforms have the capacity to induce, or hinder, this differentiation in leukemia cells. In this study we identify GATA1 as a direct transcriptional target of TAp73α. Furthermore, TAp73α induces GATA1 activity, and it is required for erythroid differentiation. Additionally, we describe a functional cooperation between TAp73 and ΔNp73 in the context of erythroid differentiation in human myeloid cells, K562 and UT-7. Moreover, the impaired expression of GATA1 and other erythroid genes in the liver of p73KO embryos, together with the moderated anemia observed in p73KO young mice, suggests a physiological role for TP73 in erythropoiesis