Prevalencia del cáncer de tiroides en pacientes con patologías tiroideas atendidos en consulta externa de cirugía en el Hospital Escuela Cesar Amador Molina periodo 2015-2019

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de cáncer de tiroides en pacientes con patologías tiroideas atendidos en Consulta Externa de Cirugía en el Hospital Escuela Cesar Amador Molina periodo 2015-2019. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de corte trasversal con 53 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de tiroides obteniendo la información mediante la revisión de expedientes clínicos. De estos casos el 39.6 % tienen una edad de 41 a 60 años, el 90.6% afectado fue el sexo femenino, el 75.5% fue ama de casa como principal ocupación. Un 50.9% provenían del área rural y un 49.1% urbano. Según la información obtenida mediante el expediente clínico el 100% no tenían historia familiar de cáncer de tiroides ni enfermedades tiroideas. La patología tiroidea que más se manifestó fue el bocio simple no toxico en un 66% y el nódulo autónomo solitario en un 15.1%. El cáncer de tiroides que más prevaleció fue el cáncer papilar con 83%. Con respecto a la ecografía la mayor parte de los casos fueron categorizados como benignos por resultados no concluyentes (46 casos) finalmente, al igual que los resultados de la BAAF con 31 Casos benignos y solamente 22 malignos; se realizó la correlación entre cada método diagnostico falsos para determinar falsos positivos y negativos, por lo que al realizar Biopsia postquirúrgica demostraron que 47 casos eran malignos y 6 benignos siendo esta prueba estándar de oro para el diagnóstico definitivo. El cáncer de tiroides afecta más al sexo femenino en edades de 40 a 60 años la variante papilar es la que más se presenta, siendo el bocio simple no toxico la clínica que mayormente se presenta. Palabras claves: Cáncer de tiroides, patología tiroidea, Bethesda, TIRADS, Nódulos tiroideos, benigno, maligno

Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Spain.

Before 1990, outbreaks of multidrug-resistanttuberculosis (MDRTB) were uncommon (1); sincethen, more than 10 outbreaks have been reported,all in hospitals and prisons in the eastern UnitedStates (2-7). Persons traditionally considered atrisk for MDRTB (foreign-born TB patients andthose inadequately treated for TB) have not beenassociated with these outbreaks. Instead, the pres-ence of patients with active TB near immunocom-promised patients in HIV-dedicated wards has ledto MDRTB-infected HIV patients whose TB casesoften go unrecognized. The patients receive inade-quate treatment in facilities without effective pro-cedures for isolating acid-fast bacilli; thesecircumstances favor nosocomial transmission.Health officials in other geographic areas whereHIV and TB are major public health threats havebeen alerted to this emerging problem, and sur-veillance systems have been designed (8).Drs. Herrera, Peiró, Castell, and Godoy have received ascholarship from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria delInstituto de Salud Carlos III during their 2-year epidemiologictraining period in the Field Epidemiology Training Program(Programa de Epidemiología Aplicada de Campo)

Recycling of aggregates of Panasqueira mines as refractory lining of metal casting

Nas minas da Panasqueira (Covilhã, Portugal) acumulam-se montes de resíduos (agregados) provenientes da extração de tungsténio sem qualquer aplicação. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para implementar um novo uso para estes resíduos integrando-os como revestimento refratário no processo de moldação a verde da fundição de metais não ferrosos. Os resultados mostram o potencial do uso destes resíduos da fundição de metais não ferrosos.Over the years, in the Panasqueira mines (Covilhã, Portugal) were accumulated mountains of stones (wastes) has a result of the tungsten extraction without any application. This research aims to assist in the implementation of these wastes, using it as refractory lining in foundry (green moulding process), particular in foundry of non-ferrous metals. Experimental methodology consisted in mineralogical characterization (XRF and XRD), as well as the evaluation of the permeability to water vapour, fundamental aspect to be considered in the materials which constitute the moulds with refractory properties for metal casting. Two compositions have been considered and subsequently assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), his behaviour as notferrous cast metal container, studying both the contact area and the contiguous zone of thermal diffusion. The results show that wastes can be used as a main component in the manufacture of refractory mould for casting non-ferrous metals moulded in green.Os autores agradecem o apoio técnico fundamental dos centros de investigação da Universidade de Granada, Grupo de investigação HUM 629, do CAST – Centro de Ciência e Tecnologias Aeroespaciais e do CMADE - Centro de Materiais e Tecnologias da Construção da Universidade da Beira Interior.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Inflammatory Animal Model for Parkinson's Disease: The Intranigral Injection of LPS Induced the Inflammatory Process along with the Selective Degeneration of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons

We have developed an animal model of degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, the neuronal system involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). The implication of neuroinflammation on this disease was originally established in 1988, when the presence of activated microglia in the substantia nigra (SN) of parkinsonians was reported by McGeer et al. Neuroinflammation could be involved in the progression of the disease or even has more direct implications. We injected 2 μg of the potent proinflammatory compound lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different areas of the CNS, finding that SN displayed the highest inflammatory response and that dopaminergic (body) neurons showed a special and specific sensitivity to this process with the induction of selective dopaminergic degeneration. Neurodegeneration is induced by inflammation since it is prevented by anti-inflammatory compounds. The special sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons seems to be related to the endogenous dopaminergic content, since it is overcome by dopamine depletion. Compounds that activate microglia or induce inflammation have similar effects to LPS. This model suggest that inflammation is an important component of the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, probably also in PD. Anti-inflammatory treatments could be useful to prevent or slow down the rate of dopaminergic degeneration in this disease

Capacidad de aprendizaje y responsabilidad: validación del proceso de evaluación en una asignatura del grado de farmacia y percepción de los estudiantes sobre su capacidad de aprender a aprender

Se exponen los resultados de la validación del proceso de evaluación mediante rúbrica de las Prácticas de una asignatura del Grado de Farmacia para desarrollar la competencia Capacidad de Aprendizaje y Responsabilidad, demostrándose la cohesión entre las puntuaciones de profesores y la autoevaluación de alumnos. La percepción de estos estudiantes respecto al desarrollo de su capacidad de Aprender a Aprender se recoge mediante un cuestionario cerrado. La mayoría piensa que se aprende de los errores

New measurement of neutron capture resonances of 209Bi

The neutron capture cross section of Bi209 has been measured at the CERN n TOF facility by employing the pulse-height-weighting technique. Improvements over previous measurements are mainly because of an optimized detection system, which led to a practically negligible neutron sensitivity. Additional experimental sources of systematic error, such as the electronic threshold in the detectors, summing of gamma-rays, internal electron conversion, and the isomeric state in bismuth, have been taken into account. Gamma-ray absorption effects inside the sample have been corrected by employing a nonpolynomial weighting function. Because Bi209 is the last stable isotope in the reaction path of the stellar s-process, the Maxwellian averaged capture cross section is important for the recycling of the reaction flow by alpha-decays. In the relevant stellar range of thermal energies between kT=5 and 8 keV our new capture rate is about 16% higher than the presently accepted value used for nucleosynthesis calculations. At this low temperature an important part of the heavy Pb-Bi isotopes are supposed to be synthesized by the s-process in the He shells of low mass, thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars. With the improved set of cross sections we obtain an s-process fraction of 19(3)% of the solar bismuth abundance, resulting in an r-process residual of 81(3)%. The present (n,gamma) cross-section measurement is also of relevance for the design of accelerator driven systems based on a liquid metal Pb/Bi spallation target.Comment: 10 pages, 5figures, recently published in Phys. Rev.

Measurement of the neutron capture cross section of the s-only isotope 204Pb from 1 eV to 440 keV

The neutron capture cross section of 204Pb has been measured at the CERN n_TOF installation with high resolution in the energy range from 1 eV to 440 keV. An R-matrix analysis of the resolved resonance region, between 1 eV and 100 keV, was carried out using the SAMMY code. In the interval between 100 keV and 440 keV we report the average capture cross section. The background in the entire neutron energy range could be reliably determined from the measurement of a 208Pb sample. Other systematic effects in this measurement could be investigated and precisely corrected by means of detailed Monte Carlo simulations. We obtain a Maxwellian average capture cross section for 204Pb at kT=30 keV of 79(3) mb, in agreement with previous experiments. However our cross section at kT=5 keV is about 35% larger than the values reported so far. The implications of the new cross section for the s-process abundance contributions in the Pb/Bi region are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, article submitted to Phys. Rev.

Measurement of the (90,91,92,93,94,96)Zr(n,gamma) and (139)La(n,gamma) cross sections at n_TOF

Open AccessNeutron capture cross sections of Zr and La isotopes have important implications in the field of nuclear astrophysics as well as in the nuclear technology. In particular the Zr isotopes play a key role for the determination of the neutron density in the He burning zone of the Red Giant star, while the (139)La is important to monitor the s-process abundances from Ba up to Ph. Zr is also largely used as structural materials of traditional and advanced nuclear reactors. The nuclear resonance parameters and the cross section of (90,91,92,93,94,96)Zr and (139)La have been measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN. Based on these data the capture resonance strength and the Maxwellian-averaged cross section were calculated

Resonance capture cross section of 207Pb

The radiative neutron capture cross section of 207Pb has been measured at the CERN neutron time of flight installation n_TOF using the pulse height weighting technique in the resolved energy region. The measurement has been performed with an optimized setup of two C6D6 scintillation detectors, which allowed us to reduce scattered neutron backgrounds down to a negligible level. Resonance parameters and radiative kernels have been determined for 16 resonances by means of an R-matrix analysis in the neutron energy range from 3 keV to 320 keV. Good agreement with previous measurements was found at low neutron energies, whereas substantial discrepancies appear beyond 45 keV. With the present results, we obtain an s-process contribution of 77(8)% to the solar abundance of 207Pb. This corresponds to an r-process component of 23(8)%, which is important for deriving the U/Th ages of metal poor halo stars.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Measurement of the radiative neutron capture cross section of 206Pb and its astrophysical implications

The (n, gamma) cross section of 206Pb has been measured at the CERN n_TOF facility with high resolution in the energy range from 1 eV to 600 keV by using two optimized C6D6 detectors. In the investigated energy interval about 130 resonances could be observed, from which 61 had enough statistics to be reliably analyzed via the R-matrix analysis code SAMMY. Experimental uncertainties were minimized, in particular with respect to (i) angular distribution effects of the prompt capture gamma-rays, and to (ii) the TOF-dependent background due to sample-scattered neutrons. Other background components were addressed by background measurements with an enriched 208Pb sample. The effect of the lower energy cutoff in the pulse height spectra of the C6D6 detectors was carefully corrected via Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to previous 206Pb values, the Maxwellian averaged capture cross sections derived from these data are about 20% and 9% lower at thermal energies of 5 keV and 30 keV, respectively. These new results have a direct impact on the s-process abundance of 206Pb, which represents an important test for the interpretation of the cosmic clock based on the decay of 238U.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, paper to be submitted to Phys. Rev.