The variations of temperature, pressure and wind speedvalues: Effects on gravity waves

According to the theoretical studies, gravity waves, which are excited in the lower atmosphere, can transport momentum and energy on to the upper levels. Gravity waves are attenuated by interacting with the large-scale wind motions in the upper part of the middle atmosphere. Different meteorological parameters and atmospheric circulations are known as one of the sources of excitement of gravity waves. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the onset of some gravity waves (GWs), and seasonal variations of gravity waves over Istanbul. Radiosonda data of Istanbul in troposphere and lower stratosphere (1000 hPa–30 hPa) between 1993 and 1997 is analyzed. Daily, monthly and annual variation of pressure heights, air temperature, horizontal wind speed and deviations from mean values are interpreted. Zonal and meridional wind speed variations show the effects of gravity waves for different pressure levels in the troposphere. These waves lead the meso-scale wave form structures in spring, autumn and winter

Computational and asymptotic methods in aeroacoustics with applications

In this article the computational and asymptotic methods used in aeroacoustics are reviewed. In particular, two different aeroacoustic applications are demonstrated.In the first problem we investigate the first and second order asymptotic predictions of the thickness and loading noise of a subsonic B-bladed helicopter rotor in the far field and compare the SPL noise results with those of full numerical computations. The results of the second order asymptotic formula seem to be in better agreement with full numerical computations than the first order asymptotic formula. In the second problem, the effect of acoustic wave propagation in transonic nozzle flow is investigated by solving the unsteady quasi-one-dimensional transonic nozzle equations in conservative form using high order computational aeroacoustic schemes, where a novel non-reflecting boundary condition is implemented in addition to the standard non-reflecting boundary condition using characteristics. Excellent agreement with the exact solution is obtained in each case.Publisher's Versio

Wavelet transforms of meteorological parameters and gravity waves

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze some characteristics of gravity waves (GWs), and seasonal variations of atmospheric waves over Istanbul by using wavelet techniques. Daily radiosonda data of Istanbul in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (1000hPa-30hPa) between 1993 and 1997 have been considered. Wavelet analysis based on a computer simulation of data is generally close to the real data when Daubechies wavelet series are used. Daily, monthly, seasonal and annual variations of pressure heights, air temperature and deviations from mean values have been analyzed. Variations show the effects of gravity waves for different pressure levels in the troposphere. These waves lead to the meso-scale wave-form structures in spring, autumn and winter. As a result of this study, wavelet series and transforms for data construction, definition of some discontinuities and the local effects on the signal have been compared with the results of previous studies. The most similar structure between temperature, turbulence parameters and geo-potential height deviations has been defined at the 500-hPa pressure level

Kronik yaygın ağrılı kadınlarda ağrı ve yorgunluğu etkileyen faktörler

Amaç: Bu çalışma Kronik Yaygın Ağrı’lı (KYA) kadınlarda ağrı şiddeti ve genel yorgunlukla ilişkili faktörleri incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve yöntem: KYA’lı 104 hasta dahil edildi. Yaş ortalaması 40.28±10.82 yıldı. Hem ağrı şiddeti hem de genel yorgunluk görsel analog skalası kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği anksiyete ve depresyon bulgularını tanımlamak için kullanıldı. Üç farklı anket (boş zaman aktivitesi, iş ve evde fiziksel aktivite) fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini tanımlamak için kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Anksiyete skoru ağrı eşiğini etkileyen en yaygın faktördü (p=0.003). Diğer taraftan, orta düzeydeki evdeki fiziksel aktivite (p=0.027), işteki fiziksel aktivite (p=0.008) ve anksiyete skoru (p=0.027) genel yorgunluğu etkileyen anlamlı faktörlerdi. Tartışma: Sonuçlarımız anksiyetenin KYA’lı kadınlarda ağrı ve genel yorgunluğu etkileyen en önemli faktör olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar ağrı, yorgunluk ve anksiyete özelliklerinin ayrıca değerlendirilmesinin gerekli olduğu düşüncesini desteklemektedir.Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors related to pain intensity and global fatigue in females with Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP). Material and methods: One hundred four patients with CWP were included. The mean age was 40.28±10.82 years. Both Pain intensity and global fatigue were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to describe anxiety and depression symptoms. Three different questionnaires (leisure time activity, and physical activity at home, at work) were used to determine physical activity levels. Dorsal regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The anxiety score was the most common factor affecting pain intensity (p=0.003). On the other hand, a moderate level of physical activity at home (p=0.027), physical activity level at work (p=0.008), and the anxiety score (p=0.027) were significant factors affecting global fatigue. Conclusion: Our results show that anxiety is the most important factor affecting both pain and global fatigue in women with CWP. These results also support the idea that the characteristics of pain, fatigue and anxiety should be evaluated separately

Factors affecting pain and fatigue in females with chronic widespread pain

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors related to pain intensity and global fatigue in females with Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP). Material and methods: One hundred four patients with CWP were included. The mean age was 40.28±10.82 years. Both Pain intensity and global fatigue were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to describe anxiety and depression symptoms. Three different questionnaires (leisure time activity, and physical activity at home, at work) were used to determine physical activity levels. Dorsal regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The anxiety score was the most common factor affecting pain intensity (p=0.003). On the other hand, a moderate level of physical activity at home (p=0.027), physical activity level at work (p=0.008), and the anxiety score (p=0.027) were significant factors affecting global fatigue. Conclusion: Our results show that anxiety is the most important factor affecting both pain and global fatigue in women with CWP. These results also support the idea that the characteristics of pain, fatigue and anxiety should be evaluated separately

Organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on benzodithiophene and benzothiadiazole containing conjugated polymers

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) or so-called organic solar cells particularly hold promise for manufacturing solar energy due to their advantages in low cost and production processes. In order to understand and improve the performance of OPVs, intense efforts have been dedicated around the world [1]. In particular, conjugated polymers are attractive for OPVs due to the π-conjugated systems in the polymer backbone which generates and transport the charge carriers [2]. Therefore, the design and synthesis of novel conjugated organic polymers play important role to obtain higher photovoltaic properties and improve the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the OPVs. For this purpose, benzodithiophene and benzothiadiazole containing monomers were independently synthesized, then polymerized via Stille cross-coupling reaction to obtain P1 and P2 polymers. Oxidation and reduction behavior of the polymers were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Measurements indicated that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels were -5.25 eV for P1 and -5.38 eV for P2. The optical band gaps of P1 and P2 were calculated via UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy as 1.54 eV and 1.64 eV, respectively. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were constructed with these polymers as the donor moieties together with PC71BM as the acceptor in the active layer. The current/voltage measurements showed that the highest PCEs of these photovoltaic devices were recorded as 2.52% for P1: PC71BM (1:4, w/w) in 2% DIO and 1.67% for P2: PC71BM (1:3, w/w) in 3% DIO solution

ANTI-OXIDANT EFFECTS OF POMEGRANATE JUICE ON SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE CELL GROWTH

Background: Pomegranate juice has a number of positive effects on both human and animal subjects. Material and methods: Four groups were used in this study. i: Control group, ii: H 2 O 2 group, iii: Pomegranate juice (PJ) group and iv: PJ + H 2 O 2 group. Following the sterilization method for pomegranate juice (10%) and H 2 O 2 (6% v/v), Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were added and the cultivation incubated at 35°C for 72 hours. Fatty acids and vitamin concentrations were measured using HPLC and GC and the total protein bands profile were determined by SDS-PAGE. Results: According to our results statistically significant differences have been determined among the study groups in terms of fatty acids and vitamin (

Liken ekstrelerinin sağlıklı ratlar üzerindeki etkileri ve bu ekstrelerin diyabete bağli çoklu organ yetmezliğinin önlenmesinde medikal kullanımı

In the present study, we firstly assessed Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracae to avoid detrimental effects on multiple tissues of rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) with the subsequent generation of oxidative stress represents a major risk factor for organs. The second aim of this study is to investigate whether administration of both lichens could prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced organ dysfunctions. During two weeks, both control and diabetic rats were treated with aqueous lichen extracts. The metabolic changes were determined. On day 14, after animals were decapitated, required samples for biochemical and genetic analysis were collected. Oxidative damage of DNA was estimated by measuring the increase in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation. Biochemical parameters were used to observe and evaluate the functional changes in tissues. Experimental data showed that the increasing doses of lichens alone have not any detrimental effect on above parameters. Moreover, C. islandica decreased the diabetes-induced glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Thus, it seemed that the antioxidant treatment has an important effect on the organ failure in ill rats. However, the protective effect of C. islandica was inadequate on diabetes-induced disorders and DNA damages. Lichens are a safe in the studied dose range but the power of C. islandica is limited because of intensive oxidative stress in essential organs of T1D rats

The impact of chronic low back pain on physical performance, fear avoidance beliefs, and depressive symptoms: A comparative study on Turkish elderly population

Objectives: The purposes of this study were: (1) to show the impact of chronic low back pain (CLBP) on physical performance, fear avoidance behavior and depressive symptoms in older adults; (2) to describe the relationships between outcome measurements obtained in this study. Methodology: Ninety-one participants with or without chronic low back pain were included in this study. Only four tests in the Back Performance Scale were used to assess the physical performance of the participants. A Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire related to physical activity and the Geriatric Depression Scale were also used to examine each subject. Results: The level of performance shown by elderly adults with low back pain was worse than elders without low back pain in the sock test and the pick-up test (p < 0.05). Little correlation between the finger-to-floor test and fear avoidance behaviour related to physical activity was found (p < 0.05). There was little/poor correlation between all performance tests and depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that CLBP decreases physical performance, but increases fear avoidance behavior and depressive symptoms in elderly adults. At the same time, it was determined that performance level of elderly adults with back pain was related especially with depressive symptoms

Microcosmus polymorphus Heller, 1877 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae)- A new addition to the fauna of the Turkish coasts

Microcosmus polymorphus, an Atlanto-Mediterranean ascidian, is here recorded for the first time from the Turkish Seas. One specimen was obtained from Izmir Bay by trawling at the depth of 50 m in July 2007