Funcionamiento familiar relacionado al desarrollo psicomotor del pre escolar en la institución educativa La Portada – Cajamarca, 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación de tipo correlacional buscó determinar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar con el desarrollo psicomotor del preescolar de la Institución Educativa La Portada. Cajamarca, 2021 considerando 28 niños. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos el cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar FF- SIL y el TEPSI para valorar el desarrollo psicomotor. Se obtuvo como resultados que del 100% (28) de los preescolares el 57.1% (15) pertenecen a una familia disfuncional y el 42.9% (13) pertenecen a una familia moderamente funcional, en los pre escolares evaluados no se presenta la familia funcional ni severamente disfuncional y en relación al desarrollo psicomotor el 85,7% presenta un desarrollo normal y el 14,3% están en riesgo del desarrollo, no se encontró pre escolares con retraso en el desarrollo. Para contrastar la hipótesis se utilizó Chi – cuadrado de Pearson el nivel de significancia fue de 0,000 < 0,05 indicando que se rechaza la hipótesis nula, es decir el funcionamiento familiar se relaciona con el desarrollo psicomotor del preescolar.The present correlational research work sought to determine the relationship between family functioning with the psychomotor development of the preschooler of the La Portada Educational Institution. Cajamarca, 2021 considering 28 children. Two instruments, the FF-SIL Family Functioning Questionnaire and the TEPSI, were used to assess psychomotor development. It was obtained as results that of 100% (28) of the preschoolers, 57.1% (15) belong to a dysfunctional family and 42.9% (13) belong to a moderately functional family, in the evaluated preschoolers the functional family is not present nor severely dysfunctional and in relation to psychomotor development, 85.7% have normal development and 14.3% are at risk of development, no preschoolers with developmental delay were found. To test the hypothesis, Pearson's Chi-square was used, the level of significance was 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the null hypothesis is rejected, that is, family functioning is related to the psychomotor development of preschoolers.Tesi

A novel control strategy for enhancing biological N-removal in a granular sequencing batch reactor : a model-based study

Biological nitrogen removal in aerobic granular sequencing batch reactors is sensitively affected by process conditions (e.g. dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, nitrogen loading rate (NLR), influent C/N ratio, among others). The variation of one of these process conditions affects the others, because often they are tightly linked. These interrelationships are a drawback for the experimental assessment of the target domain of process conditions required to enhance N-removal. Here, we have developed a model to determine the guidelines to design an automatic control strategy with the final aim of enhancing biological N-removal in a granular sequencing batch reactor. The model was first calibrated with experimental data from a granular sequencing batch reactor treating swine wastewater. Specific simulations were designed to elucidate the effect of DO concentration (0.5-8 mg O₂ L⁻¹), granule size (0.5-3.5 mm), influent C/N ratio (4-10 g O₂g⁻¹ N) and NLR (0.41-0.82 g N L⁻¹ d⁻¹) on the nitrification- enitrification efficiency. Simulation results showed that, in general, high N-removal efficiencies (from 70% to 85%) could be obtained only setting the appropriate DO concentration. That appropriate DO concentration could be easily found based on effluent ammonium concentration. Those results were used to propose a control strategy to enhance N-removal efficiencies. The control strategy was based on a closed DO loop with variable DO set-point. The DO set-point was established at a constant value for the whole cycle (i.e. once per cycle), based on the on-line measurement of ammonium concentration at the end of the previous cycle

Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study

Background: Retracted articles continue to be cited after retraction, and this could have consequences for the scientific community and general population alike. This study was conducted to analyse the association of retraction on citations received by retracted papers due to misconduct using two-time frames: during a postretraction period equivalent to the time the article had been in print before retraction; and during the total postretraction period. Methods: Quasiexperimental, pre-post evaluation study. A total of 304 retracted original articles and literature reviews indexed in MEDLINE fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Articles were required to have been published in a journal indexed in MEDLINE from January 2013 through December 2015 and been retracted between January 2014 and December 2016. The main outcome was the number of citations received before and after retraction. Results were broken down by journal quartile according to impact factor and the most cited papers during the preretraction period were specifically analysed. Results: There was an increase in postretraction citations when compared with citations received preretraction. There were some exceptions however: first, citations received by articles published in first-quartile journals decreased immediately after retraction (p<0.05), only to increase again after some time had elapsed; and second, postretraction citations decreased significantly in the case of articles that had received many citations before their retraction (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that retraction of articles has no association on citations in the long term, since the retracted articles continue to be cited, thus circumventing their retraction

Síndrome de Ramsay Hunt asociado a SIADH

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) consists of peripheral facial palsy associated with a vesicular erythematous rash in the ear (auricular zoster) or in the mouth. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone(SIADH) is the most frequent cause of hyponatremia with normovolaemia and has occasionally been described in association with RHS. We present the case of a 59-year-old woman diagnosed with RHS associated with SIADH. This association can be serious, so it requires early diagnosis and treatment.El síndrome de Ramsay Hunt (RHS) consiste en una parálisis facial periférica asociada a un rash eritematoso vesicular en el oído (zóster auricular) o en la boca. El síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética (SIADH) es la causa más frecuente de hiponatremia con normovolemia y ocasionalmente se ha descrito asociado al RHS. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 59 años a la que diagnosticamos de RHS asociado a SIADH. Esta asociación puede ser grave por lo que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos

The termination of employment in Ecuador due to Covid 19

La revisión de información de estos 6 meses a partir del inicio de la pandemia en nuestro país tiene como presente apunte de incumbencia recoge una posible marca sobre la cuál podría ser el trastazo colectivo provocado por el real arrebato sanitario del COVID19. En base a las estadísticas registradas en estamentos como ministerio de trabajo, tanto en desafiliaciones a la seguridad Social y en base a la aparente emoción sobre el oficio (analizando sus características y madrigal se determinan cuáles serán los colectivos más perjudicados y/o aquellos que se encuentran en un ámbito laboral más delicado. El coronavirus está alcanzando a más víctimas en Ecuador entre ellas se trata de las empresas sin flujo de caja y los trabajadores que pierden su empleo por falta de liquidez. El país presentaba una tasa de subempleo y desempleo del 24.6 por ciento en diciembre de 2019. Siendo este que en su actualidad cuenta con 17.5 millones de habitantes y cerca de 8.5 millones son económicamente activos, pero no todos producen ni perciben un salario formal, la crisis que enfrentamos por esta pandemia se ha agravado por el quiebre de empresas durante los últimos meses, calculando que cerca de 80.000 trabajadores de empresas públicas y privadas, han sido cesados en sus funciones y están en casa sin salario, ni indemnización por despidoThe review of information from these 6 months from the start of the pandemic in our country has as its present point of concern collects a possible mark on which could be the collective blow caused by the real health outburst of COVID19. Based on the statistics registered in estates such as the Ministry of Labor, both in social security disaffiliations and based on the apparent emotion about the job (analyzing its characteristics and madrigal, it is determined which will be the most affected groups and / or those who are They are in a more delicate work environment. The coronavirus is reaching more victims in Ecuador, among them are companies without cash flow and workers who lose their jobs due to lack of liquidity. The country had a rate of underemployment and unemployment of the 24.6 percent in December 2019. Being this one that currently has 17.5 million inhabitants and about 8.5 million are economically active, but not all produce or receive a formal salary, the crisis that we face due to this pandemic has been aggravated by the bankruptcy of companies in recent months, calculating that nearly 80,000 workers from public and private companies have been laid off in their functions and are at home without salary or severance pay

Caso atípico de enfermedad de Kimura en varón de 66 años

Kimura disease should be suspected when there are lymphoid masses or nodules in the head and neck, with subcutaneous cellular tissue involvement and regional lymphadenopathy, with minor inflammation and few systemic symptoms. It is usually associated with blood eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE. Even without treatment, it has a good prognosis, although recurrence is common. We present the case of a 66-year-old Caucasian male with a rapidly appearing laterocervical mass whose final diagnosis was made by biopsy. Biopsy showed mixed findings of Kimura disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), once thought to be the same disorder.La enfermedad de Kimura se debe sospechar ante masas o nódulos linfoides en cabeza y cuello, con afectación del tejido celular subcutáneo y linfadenopatías regionales, con poca inflamación y pocos síntomas sistémicos, habitualmente acompañadas de eosinofilia periférica y elevación de IgE sérica. Presenta buen pronóstico incluso sin tratamiento, aunque con tendencia a la recidiva. Se presenta el caso de un varón caucásico de 66 años con una masa laterocervical de rápida aparición cuyo diagnóstico final se realizó con la biopsia, en la que se encontraron hallazgos mixtos con hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia (HALE), que antes se pensaba que era la misma entidad

Saberes y experiencias de trabajadores de atención primaria de la salud

Desde la Asociación Rionegrina de Equipos de Salud (ARES) estamos orgullosos de presentar una serie de trabajos resumidos sobre diferentes investigaciones producidas por trabajadores de la salud de nuestra provincia, Río Negro. Sus autores son en su mayoría miembros de nuestra asociación, trabajadores de la salud en diferentes ámbitos, ya sea asistenciales como académicos. Se ha elegido el formato resumido con la finalidad de poder dar a conocer en una forma concisa pero buscando que esta sea completa; varios trabajos que originalmente se han realizado bajo diferentes formatos y por diferentes motivos: tesis de maestría; trabajos finales de residencia, investigaciones del Conicet, etc. De esta forma, y en textos de fácil lectura, presentamos una primera aproximación a trabajos que despertando el interés del lector/a podrán ser leídos en toda su extensión.Fil: Ali Brouchoud, José María. Hospital Zonal Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Baffo, Claudia Gabriela. Hospital Ingeniero Huergo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Favre, Estefania. Hospital Zonal Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Onocko Campos, Rosana Teresa. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Pérez, Soledad Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; ArgentinaFil: Perner, Mónica Serena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; Argentin

Association of High Serum Levels of Growth Factors with Good Outcome in Ischemic Stroke : a Multicenter Study

Altres ajuts: This project was partially supported by grants from Xunta de Galicia (Consellería Educación: GRC2014/027 and IN607A2018/3), Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases RETICS-INVICTUS PLUS (RD16/0019), and by the European Union FEDER program.The main objective of this research work was to study the association of serum levels of growth factors (GF) and SDF-1α with the functional outcome and reduction of lesion volume in ischemic stroke patients. In this multicenter study, 552 patients with non-lacunar stroke (male, 62.1%; mean age, 68.2 ± 11.4) were included within 24 h from symptom onset. The main outcome variable was good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≤ 2) at 12 months. Secondary outcome variable was infarct volume (in mL) after 6 ± 3 months. Serum levels of VEGF, Ang-1, G-CSF, BDNF, and SDF-1α were measured by ELISA at admission, 7 ± 1 days, at 3 ± 1 months, and 12 ± 3 months. Except for BDNF, all GF and SDF-1α serum levels showed a peak value at day 7 and remained elevated during the first 3 months (all p < 0.01). High serum levels at day 7 of VEGF (OR, 19.3), Ang-1 (OR, 14.7), G-CSF (OR, 9.6), and SDF-1α (OR, 28.5) were independently associated with good outcome at 12 months (all p < 0.0001). On the other hand, serum levels of VEGF (B, − 21.4), G-CSF (B, − 14.0), Ang-1 (B, − 13.3), and SDF-1α (B, − 44.6) measured at day 7 were independently associated with lesion volume at 6 months (p < 0.01). In summary, high serum levels of VEGF, Ang-1, G-CSF, and SDF-1α at day 7 and 3 months after ischemic stroke are associated with good functional outcome and smaller residual lesion at 1 year of follow-up

Planeación, gobernanza y sustentabilidad Retos y desafíos desde el enfoque territorial

Frente a la compleja realidad actual, resulta ineludible el desarrollo de la investigación científica de los fenómenos y procesos urbanos, territoriales y ambientales, que contribuya a su comprensión y la construcción de alternativas de solución a los retos y desafíos vigentes. En este contexto, el abordaje de las ciudades y regiones metropolitanas, el ordenamiento del territorio y la ocupación del espacio, así como la relación sociedad-naturaleza y la complejidad ambiental, precisa la generación de metodologías y procesos de investigación multi e inter disciplinarios que contribuyan a la comprensión de los procesos socioterritoriales, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la conservación ambiental.Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa PFCE-2016 proyecto K0313101

Response of Quercus ilex seedlings to Phytophthora spp. root infection in a soil infestation test

[EN] Phytophthora species are the main agents associated with oak (Quercus spp.) decline, together with the changing environmental conditions and the intensive land use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Quercus ilex to the inoculation with eight Phytophthora species. Seven to eight month old Q. ilex seedlings grown from acorns, obtained from two Spanish origins, were inoculated with P. cinnamomi, P. cryptogea, P. gonapodyides, P. megasperma, P. nicotianae, P. plurivora, P. psychrophila and P. quercina. All Phytophthora inoculated seedlings showed decline and symptoms including small dark necrotic root lesions, root cankers, and loss of fine roots and tap root. The most aggressive species were P. cinnamomi, P. cryptogea, P. gonapodyides, P. plurivora and P. psychrophila followed by P. megasperma., while Phytophthora quercina and P. nicotianae were the less aggressive species. Results obtained confirm that these Phytophthora species could constituted a threat to Q. ilex ecosystems and the implications are further discussed.The authors are grateful to A. Solla and his team from the Centro Universitario de Plasencia-Universidad de Extremadura (Spain) for helping in the acorns collection and to the CIEF (Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación Forestal, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain) for providing the acorns. This research was supported by funding from the project AGL2011- 30438-C02-01 (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain).Mora-Sala, B.; Abad Campos, P.; Berbegal Martinez, M. (2018). Response of Quercus ilex seedlings to Phytophthora spp. root infection in a soil infestation test. European Journal of Plant Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-01650-6SÁlvarez, L. A., Pérez-Sierra, A., Armengol, J., & García-Jiménez, J. (2007). Characterization of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates causing collar and root rot of lavender and rosemary in Spain. Journal of Plant Pathology, 89, 261–264.Balci, Y., & Halmschlager, E. (2003a). Incidence of Phytophthora species in oak forests in Austria and their possible involvement in oak decline. Forest Pathology, 33, 157–174.Balci, Y., & Halmschlager, E. (2003b). Phytophthora species in oak ecosystems in Turkey and their association with declining oak trees. Plant Pathology, 52, 694–702.Brasier, C. M. (1992a). Oak tree mortality in Iberia. Nature, 360, 539.Brasier, C. M. ((1992b)). Phytophthora cinnamomi as a contributory factor on European oak declines. In N. by Luisi, P. Lerario, & A. B. Vannini (Eds.), Recent Advances in Studies on Oak Decline. Proc. Int. Congress, Brindisi, Italy, September 13-18, 1992 (pp. 49–58). Italy: Università degli Studi.Brasier, C. M. (1996). Phytophthora cinnamomi and oak decline in southern Europe. Environmental constraints including climate change. Annales des Sciences Forestieres, 53, 347–358.Brasier, C. M. (2008). The biosecurity threat to the UK and global environment from international trade in plants. Plant Pathology, 57, 792–808.Brasier, C. M., Hamm, P. B., & Hansen, E. M. (1993a). Cultural characters, protein patterns and unusual mating behaviour of P. gonapodyides isolates from Britain and North America. Mycological Research, 97, 1287–1298.Brasier, C. M., Robredo, F., & Ferraz, J. F. P. (1993b). Evidence for Phytophthora cinnamomi involvement in Iberian oak decline. Plant Pathology, 42, 140–145.Camilo-Alves, C. S. P., Clara, M. I. E., & Ribeiro, N. M. C. A. (2013). Decline of Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a review. European Journal of Forest Research, 132, 411–432.Català, S., Berbegal, M., Pérez-Sierra, A., & Abad-Campos, P. (2017). Metabarcoding and development of new real-time specific assays reveal Phytophthora species diversity in holm oak forests in eastern Spain. Plant Pathology, 66, 115–123.Collett, D. (2003). Modelling survival data in medical research (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 410 pp.Corcobado, T., Cubera, E., Pérez-Sierra, A., Jung, T., & Solla, A. (2010). First report of Phytophthora gonapodyides involved in the decline of Quercus ilex in xeric conditions in Spain. New Disease Reports, 22, 33.Corcobado, T., Cubera, E., Moreno, G., & Solla, A. (2013). Quercus ilex forests are influenced by annual variations in water table, soil water deficit and fine root loss caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 169, 92–99.Corcobado, T., Vivas, M., Moreno, G., & Solla, A. (2014). Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in declining and non-declining Quercus ilex trees infected with or free of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Forest Ecology and Management, 324, 72–80.Corcobado, T., Miranda-Torres, J. J., Martín-García, J., Jung, T., & Solla, A. (2017). Early survival of Quercus ilex subspecies from different populations after infections and co-infections by multiple Phytophthora species. Plant Pathology, 66, 792–804.Erwin, D. C., & Ribeiro, O. K. (1996). Phytophthora diseases worldwide. St. Paul, Minnesota,USA: APS Press, American Phytopathological. Society 562pp.Gallego, F. J., Perez de Algaba, A., & Fernandez-Escobar, R. (1999). Etiology of oak decline in Spain. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 29, 17–27.Hansen, E., & Delatour, C. (1999). Phytophthora species in oak forests of north-east France. Annals of Forest Science, 56, 539–547.Hardham, A. R., & Blackman, L. M. (2010). Molecular cytology of Phytophthora plant interactions. Australasian Plant Pathology, 39, 29.Hernández-Lambraño, R. E., González-Moreno, P., & Sánchez-Agudo, J. Á. (2018). Environmental factors associated with the spatial distribution of invasive plant pathogens in the Iberian Peninsula: The case of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Forest Ecology and Management, 419, 101–109.Jankowiak, R., Stępniewska, H., Bilański, P., & Kolařík, M. (2014). Occurrence of Phytophthora plurivora and other Phytophthora species in oak forests of southern Poland and their association with site conditions and the health status of trees. Folia Microbiologica, 59, 531–542.Jeffers, S. N., & Aldwinckle, H. S. (1987). Enhancing detection of Phytophthora cactorum in naturally infested soil. Phytopathology, 77, 1475–1482.Jiménez, A. J., Sánchez, E. J., Romero, M. A., Belbahri, L., Trapero, A., Lefort, F., & Sánchez, M. E. (2008). Pathogenicity of Pythium spiculum and P. sterilum on feeder roots of Quercus rotundifolia. Plant Pathology, 57, 369.Jönsson, U. (2006). A conceptual model for the development of Phytophthora disease in Quercus robur. New Phytologist, 171, 55–68.Jönsson, U., Jung, T., Rosengren, U., Nihlgard, B., & Sonesson, K. (2003). Pathogenicity of Swedish isolates of Phytophthora quercina to Quercus robur in two different soils. New Phytologist, 158, 355–364.Jung, T., & Burgess, T. I. (2009). Re-evaluation of Phytophthora citricola isolates from multiple woody hosts in Europe and North America reveals a new species, Phytophthora plurivora sp. nov. Persoonia, 22, 95–110.Jung, T., Blaschke, H., & Neumann, P. (1996). Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining oak stands. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 26, 253–272.Jung, T., Cooke, D. E. L., Blaschke, H., Duncan, J. M., & Oßwald, W. (1999). Phytophthora quercina sp. nov., causing root rot of European oaks. Mycological Research, 103, 785–798.Jung, T., Blaschke, H., & Oßwald, W. (2000). Involvement of soilborne Phytophthora species in Central European oak decline and the effect of site factors on the disease. Plant Pathology, 49, 706–718.Jung, T., Hansen, E. M., Winton, L., Oßwald, W., & Delatour, C. (2002). Three new species of Phytophthora from European oak forests. Mycological Research, 106, 397–411.Jung, T., Orlikowski, L., Henricot, B., Abad-Campos, P., Aday, A. G., Aguín Casal, O., Bakonyi, J., Cacciola, S. O., Cech, T., Chavarriaga, D., Corcobado, T., Cravador, A., Decourcelle, T., Denton, G., Diamandis, S., Dogmus-Lehtijärvi, H. T., Franceschini, A., Ginetti, B., Glavendekic, M., Hantula, J., Hartmann, G., Herrero, M., Ivic, D., Horta Jung, M., Lilja, A., Keca, N., Kramarets, V., Lyubenova, A., Machado, H., Magnano di San Lio, G., Mansilla Vázquez, P. J., Marçais, B., Matsiakh, I., Milenkovic, I., Moricca, S., Nagy, Z. Á., Nechwatal, J., Olsson, C., Oszako, T., Pane, A., Paplomatas, E. J., Pintos Varela, C., Prospero, S., Rial Martínez, C., Rigling, D., Robin, C., Rytkönen, A., Sánchez, M. E., Scanu, B., Schlenzig, A., Schumacher, J., Slavov, S., Solla, A., Sousa, E., Stenlid, J., Talgø, V., Tomic, Z., Tsopelas, P., Vannini, A., Vettraino, A. M., Wenneker, M., Woodward, S., & Peréz-Sierra, A. (2016). Widespread Phytophthora infestations in European nurseries put forest, semi-natural and horticultural ecosystems at high risk of Phytophthora diseases. Forest Pathology, 46, 134–163.Kroon, L. P., Brouwer, H., de Cock, A. W., & Govers, F. (2012). The genus Phytophthora anno 2012. Phytopathology, 102, 348–364.Linaldeddu, B. T., Scanu, B., Maddau, L., & Franceschini, A. (2014). Diplodia corticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi: the main pathogens involved in holm oak decline on Caprera Island (Italy). Forest Pathology, 44, 191–200.Luque, J., Parladé, J., & Pera, J. (2000). Pathogenicity of fungi isolated from Quercus suber in Catalonia (NE Spain). Forest Pathology, 30, 247–263.Luque, J., Parladé, J., & Pera, J. (2002). Seasonal changes in susceptibility of Quercus suber to Botryosphaeria stevensii and Phytophthora cinnamomi. Plant Pathology, 51, 338–345.MAGRAMA. (2014). Diagnóstico del Sector Forestal Español. Análisis y Prospectiva - Serie Agrinfo/Medioambiente n° 8. Ed. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. In NIPO: 280-14-081-9.Martín-García, J., Solla, A., Corcobado, T., Siasou, E., & Woodward, S. (2015). Influence of temperature on germination of Quercus ilex in Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina and P. psychrophila infested soils. Forest Pathology, 45, 215–223.Maurel, M., Robin, C., Capron, G., & Desprez-Loustau, M. L. (2001). Effects of root damage associated with Phytophthora cinnamomi on water elations, biomass accumulation, mineral nutrition and vulnerability to water deficit of five oak and chestnut species. Forest Pathology, 31, 353–369.McKinney, H. H. (1923). Influence of soil temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedlings by Helminthosporium sativum. Journal of Agricultural Research, 26, 195–217.Moralejo, E., Pérez-Sierra, A., Álvarez, L. A., Belbahri, L., Lefort, F., & Descals, E. (2009). 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