42 research outputs found
A systematic review of correlates of sedentary behaviour in adults aged 18â65 years: a socio-ecological approach
Background: Recent research shows that sedentary behaviour is associated with adverse cardio-metabolic consequences even among those considered sufficiently physically active. In order to successfully develop interventions to address this unhealthy behaviour, factors that influence sedentariness need to be identified and fully understood. The aim of this review is to identify individual, social, environmental, and policy-related determinants or correlates of sedentary behaviours among adults aged 18-65 years. Methods: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2000 and September 2015. The search strategy was based on four key elements and their synonyms: (a) sedentary behaviour (b) correlates (c) types of sedentary behaviours (d) types of correlates. Articles were included if information relating to sedentary behaviour in adults (18-65 years) was reported. Studies on samples selected by disease were excluded. The full protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014009823). Results: 74 original studies were identified out of 4041: 71 observational, two qualitative and one experimental study. Sedentary behaviour was primarily measured as self-reported screen leisure time and total sitting time. In 15 studies, objectively measured total sedentary time was reported: accelerometry (nâ=â14) and heart rate (nâ=â1). Individual level factors such as age, physical activity levels, body mass index, socio-economic status and mood were all significantly correlated with sedentariness. A trend towards increased amounts of leisure screen time was identified in those married or cohabiting while having children resulted in less total sitting time. Several environmental correlates were identified including proximity of green space, neighbourhood walkability and safety and weather. Conclusions: Results provide further evidence relating to several already recognised individual level factors and preliminary evidence relating to social and environmental factors that should be further investigated. Most studies relied upon cross-sectional design limiting causal inference and the heterogeneity of the sedentary measures prevented direct comparison of findings. Future research necessitates longitudinal study designs, exploration of policy-related factors, further exploration of environmental factors, analysis of inter-relationships between identified factors and better classification of sedentary behaviour domains
Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk Axis in Dendritic Cells Regulates Interleukin-17 and -22 Production and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Integrity
We are grateful to members of the D.S. laboratory and Dr. E. FernĂĄndez-MalavĂ© for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We appreciate the support of A. TomĂĄs-Loba, G. Sabio, P. MartĂn, A. Tsilingiri, A.R. Ramiro, C.L. Abram, C.A. Lowell, J.M. GarcĂa-Lobo, M. Molina, and M.C. RodrĂguez for providing reagents and support. We thank the staff at the FundaciĂłn Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) facilities for technical support. M.M.-L. received a FormaciĂłn de Personal Universitario (FPU) fellowship (AP2010-5935) from the Spanish Ministerio de EducaciĂłn. S.I. is funded by grant SAF2015-74561-JIN from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, InnovaciĂłn, y Universidades (MCIU) and Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). G.D.B and D.M.R. are supported by the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen. S.L.L. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P3_150758). Work in the D.S. laboratory is funded by the CNIC and grant SAF2016-79040-R from MCIU, the Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciĂłn, and FEDER; B2017/BMD-3733 Immunothercan-CM from Comunidad de Madrid; RD16/0015/0018-REEM from FIS-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MCIU, and FEDER; the Acteria Foundation; the Constantes y Vitales prize (Atresmedia); La MaratĂł de TV3 Foundation (201723); the European Commission (635122-PROCROP H2020), and the European Research Council (ERC-2016-Consolidator Grant 725091). The CNIC is supported by the MCIU and the Pro-CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Esponjas do sul baiano como indicadoras de impacto do derramamento de Ăłleo no Nordeste brasileiro
A Costa do Descobrimento Ă© conhecida por abrigar os mais importantes ambientes recifais do oceano AtlĂąntico Sul Ocidental, e por ser o segundo maior polo turĂstico do Estado da Bahia. Esta regiĂŁo sofreu forte impacto Ă ocasiĂŁo do derramamento de Ăłleo no nordeste brasileiro (Agosto a Outubro de 2019), acarretando importante prejuĂzo socioambiental decorrente da vocação local para o turismo e a pesca. As esponjas (Filo Porifera) sĂŁo organismos apontados como bioindicadores de poluição, devido Ă sua natureza sĂ©ssil e capacidade de acumular vĂĄrios poluentes (p.ex. metais pesados, PCBs e PAHs; Perez et al. 2002, 2004), podendo ainda compor estratĂ©gias de biorremediação. De posse de um detalhado inventĂĄrio qualitativo da espongiofauna intermareal dos municĂpios de Porto Seguro e Santa Cruz CabrĂĄlia, realizado alguns meses antes da tragĂ©dia ambiental, resolvemos repetir agora o inventĂĄrio nas mesmas localidades. Tendo em vista a importĂąncia socioambiental da Costa do Descobrimento, objetivamos atualizar a biodiversidade de esponjas nesta ĂĄrea, assim como mensurar o impacto causado pelo recente evento de derramamento de Ăłleo na regiĂŁo, e identificar organismos resistentes que possam servir como biorremediadores. Enquanto avança a identificação do material coligido em 2019, iniciaremos novas coletas, agora baseando-nos em amostragens qualitativas e quantitativas, alĂ©m de executar experimentos de desempenho fisiolĂłgico, e avaliar a concentração de hidrocarbonetos no tecido de diversas espĂ©cies. As amostragens qualitativas seguirĂŁo a estratĂ©gia de caminhar sobre o recife, evitando-se pisar sobre as partes mais obviamente vivas, buscando esponjas em habitats fotĂłfilos e ciĂĄfilos, e coletando-as com auxĂlio de faca e/ou martelo e talhadeira quando necessĂĄria a confirmação da identificação. Para obtenção de dados quantitativos serĂĄ utilizada fotografia de quadrados selecionados aleatoriamente ao longo de transectos, a partir das quais serĂŁo obtidos dados de cobertura e abundĂąncia espĂ©cie-especĂficos. Os experimentos de desempenho fisiolĂłgico focarĂŁo no consumo de O2 por esponjas transplantadas para aquĂĄrios, expostas a distintas concentraçÔes de hidrocarbonetos, geradas a partir de sua exposição a amostras de Ăłleo cru preservadas desde o derramamento. Como resultado preliminar obtivemos a identificação de mais de 45 espĂ©cies de esponjas, quando apenas 16 eram atĂ© aqui conhecidas da Costa do Descobrimento. A identificação desse material prossegue, e jĂĄ foram detectadas ao menos duas possĂveis espĂ©cies novas (Halichondria, Haliclona). Detectou-se tambĂ©m que a esponja Cliona varians (Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864) Ă© possivelmente a mais abundante no topo recifal, fotĂłfila, e provavelmente serĂĄ um dos modelos utilizados para os experimentos fisiolĂłgicos devido Ă sua tolerĂąncia Ă ambientes poluĂdos. Essa espĂ©cie, alĂ©m de revelar potencial biotecnolĂłgico, tem-se mostrado um Ăłtimo modelo para estudos ecolĂłgicos em cenĂĄrios de mudanças climĂĄticas globais.Fil: Ferreira Alves Da Silva, Dhara Avelino. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Leal, Camille VictĂłria. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Gastaldi, Marianela. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Aplicada y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". - Provincia de RĂo Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, GanaderĂa y Pesca. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Aplicada y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet Centro Nacional PatagĂłnico. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Aplicada y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Escuela de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Fioravanso, Aline Guzenski. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Bettcher Brito, Larissa. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: de Moura Barbosa Leite, Dora. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Gonçalves Silva, Allison. Universidade Federal Do Sul Da Bahia.; BrasilFil: Meduna Hajdu, Eduardo Carlos. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilXLII Jornada Giulio Massarani de Iniciação CientĂfica, TecnolĂłgica, ArtĂstica e CulturalRĂo de JaneiroBrasilUniversidad Federal do Rio de Janeir
Efeitos do gĂȘnero citrus no sistema nervoso central: Uma revisĂŁo de literatura / Citrus gender effects on the central nervous system: A literature review
O gĂȘnero Citrus, que pertence Ă famĂlia Rutaceae, tem demonstrado uma grande importĂąncia nas culturas de frutas de todo o mundo e Ă© consumido principalmente como fruto fresco ou suco pelo seu valor nutricional e sabor. VĂĄrias açÔes farmacolĂłgicas sĂŁo observadas por essas plantas, desde efeitos em doenças relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular atĂ© a desordens no sistema nervoso central. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisĂŁo da literatura a respeito do uso do GĂȘnero Citrus para o tratamento de doenças psiquiĂĄtricas e neurolĂłgicas. Para esta revisĂŁo narrativa, realizamos uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e SCOPUS com as seguintes palavras-chave: "Citrus E sistema nervoso central OU distĂșrbios psiquiĂĄtricos OU distĂșrbios neurolĂłgicos OU ansiedade OU depressĂŁo OU convulsĂŁo OU Alzheimer OU Parkinson OU acidente vascular cerebral". Com relação aos transtornos psiquiĂĄtricos, os estudos abordando o gĂȘnero Citrus na ansiedade e depressĂŁo estĂŁo avançados, sendo sua administração relacionada Ă melhora dos sintomas dessas desordens psiquiĂĄtricas. Em distĂșrbios neurolĂłgicos, o gĂȘnero Citrus foi relacionado a vĂĄrias doenças neurodegenerativas, como tem se mostrado eficaz na prevenção da progressĂŁo da doença de Alzheimer. Concluiu-se nessa revisĂŁo de literatura que as açÔes dessas plantas parecem estar relacionadas aos seus constituintes quĂmicos presente nesse gĂȘnero, que tem demonstrado importantes propriedades com açÔes antioxidantes, anti-inflamatĂłrias e neuroprotetoras
Delineating the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of HECW2-related neurodevelopmental disorders
Background Variants in HECW2 have recently been reported to cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, seizures and impaired language; however, only six variants have been reported and the clinical characteristics have only broadly been defined. Methods Molecular and clinical data were collected from clinical and research cohorts. Massive parallel sequencing was performed and identified individuals with a HECW2-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Results We identified 13 novel missense variants in HECW2 in 22 unpublished cases, of which 18 were confirmed to have a de novo variant. In addition, we reviewed the genotypes and phenotypes of previously reported and new cases with HECW2 variants (n=35 cases). All variants identified are missense, and the majority of likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants are located in or near the C-terminal HECT domain (88.2%). We identified several clustered variants and four recurrent variants (p.(Arg1191Gln);p.(Asn1199Lys);p.(Phe1327Ser);p.(Arg1330Trp)). Two variants, (p.(Arg1191Gln);p.(Arg1330Trp)), accounted for 22.9% and 20% of cases, respectively. Clinical characterisation suggests complete penetrance for hypotonia with or without spasticity (100%), developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%) and developmental language disorder (100%). Other common features are behavioural problems (88.9%), vision problems (83.9%), motor coordination/movement (75%) and gastrointestinal issues (70%). Seizures were present in 61.3% of individuals. Genotype-phenotype analysis shows that HECT domain variants are more frequently associated with cortical visual impairment and gastrointestinal issues. Seizures were only observed in individuals with variants in or near the HECT domain. Conclusion We provide a comprehensive review and expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of HECW2 disorders, aiding future molecular and clinical diagnosis and management.Peer reviewe
Lo tangible e intangible del diseño
1 archivo PDF (366 pĂĄginas)"El Departamento de EvaluaciĂłn del Diseño, en el Tiempo de la DivisiĂłn de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño de la Universidad AutĂłnoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, publica este libro colectivo, donde se aborda la discusiĂłn y el anĂĄlisis sobre "Lo tangible e intangible del diseño". Este libro tiene como finalidad el profundizar en distintas posiciones teĂłricas, metodolĂłgicas y empĂricas, donde un grupo interdisciplinario de profesores investigadores del Departamento de EvaluaciĂłn, desde la arquitectura, los estudios urbanos, la educaciĂłn, la historia, la semiĂłtica, el diseño de la comunicaciĂłn grĂĄfica y el industrial; buscan convergencias y discuten divergencias que puedan generar servir como referentes intelectuales y teĂłricos, en el diseño. Este libro es resultado del Cuarto Coloquio Departamental: Lo tangible e Intangible del Diseño. EvaluaciĂłn de Objetos, Espacios, Mensajes, realizado durante el mes de septiembre del año 2004, el cual se constituyĂł como un espacio para el intercambio de experiencias acadĂ©micas y profesionales, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, centrada en la reflexiĂłn y la discusiĂłn sobre la manera de cĂłmo se puede analizar, definir y evaluar, lo tangible y lo intangible en el diseño"
An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth
Large rivers create major gaps in reef distribution along tropical shelves. The Amazon River represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean, generating up to a 1.3 x 10(6)-km(2) plume, and extensive muddy bottoms in the equatorial margin of South America. As a result, a wide area of the tropical North Atlantic is heavily affected in terms of salinity, pH, light penetration, and sedimentation. Such unfavorable conditions were thought to imprint a major gap in Western Atlantic reefs. We present an extensive carbonate system off the Amazon mouth, underneath the river plume. Significant carbonate sedimentation occurred during lowstand sea level, and still occurs in the outer shelf, resulting in complex hard-bottom topography. A permanent near-bottom wedge of ocean water, together with the seasonal nature of the plume's eastward retroflection, conditions the existence of this extensive (similar to 9500 km(2)) hard-bottom mosaic. The Amazon reefs transition from accretive to erosional structures and encompass extensive rhodolith beds. Carbonate structures function as a connectivity corridor for wide depth-ranging reef-associated species, being heavily colonized by large sponges and other structure-forming filter feeders that dwell under low light and high levels of particulates. The oxycline between the plume and subplume is associated with chemoautotrophic and anaerobic microbial metabolisms. The system described here provides several insights about the responses of tropical reefs to suboptimal and marginal reef-building conditions, which are accelerating worldwide due to global changes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERS)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)BrasoilMCTIBrazilian NavyU.S. NSFGordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF)Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Inst Biol, BR-21941599 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Inst Alberto Luiz Coimbra Posgrad & Pesquisa Engn, Lab Sistemas Avancados Gestao Prod, BR-21941972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, BR-22460030 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Oceanog, BR-29199970 Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniv Estadual Norte Fluminense, Lab Ciencias Ambientais, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Inst Geociencias, BR-24210346 Niteroi, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Inst Biol, BR-24210130 Niteroi, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museo Nacl, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilFed Univ Para, Inst Estudos Costeiros, BR-68600000 Braganca, PA, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Dept Oceanog, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USAUniv Fed Paraiba, BR-58297000 Rio Tinto, PB, BrazilUniv Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45650000 Ilheus, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilU.S. NSF: OCE-0934095GBMF: 2293GBMF: 2928Web of Scienc
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data
Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study)
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men