Botulism in Cattle Associated with Osteophagy in the State of Acre, Brazil

Background:Botulism is a non-febrile intoxication resulting from the ingestion of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins manifested by partial or complete flaccid paralysis of the musculature of locomotion, swallowing and respiration. The objective of this study was to report the first case of botulinum intoxication associated with osteopathy in the state of Acre, as well as to alert breeders and veterinarians to the incidence of this disease in cattle farming.Case: The present report is an outbreak of botulism in the municipality of Acrelândia, in the state of Acre, which resulted in the death of 16 Nelore beef cattle in approximately 30 days. The affected animals were females in reproductive phase maintained under extensive breeding system. The main clinical signs presented were weakness in the pelvic limbs, prostration, recumbency and death in less than 48 hours. Only one animal, with similar symptomatology, was found alive and submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, but without success. During the necropsy of this bovine, no significant changes were found, only related to the decubitus and agony time, except for fragments of long bones visualized in the reticulum. Samples of bone particles, ruminal contents, reticulum, rumen and intestine fragments were collected for the detection of botulinum toxins by the mouse bioassay method, as well as brain and brain stem for differential diagnosis of rabies and bovine spongiform encephalopathy by direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The samples were sent to the Laboratory of General Bacteriology of the Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, and all the analyzes presented negative results.Discussion: One of the main risk factors for the occurrence of botulinum toxin is the presence of carcasses in the pastures, added to the deficiency of phosphorus and other minerals. The cattle develop the habit of gnawing bones and tissues from dead animals in the field. With this exercise, animals can ingest pre-formed toxins in corpses, as decomposing remains offer an anaerobic environment conducive to spore development and toxin production. Bovine females, in breeding, present greater nutritional need than adult males and younger animals. This is because the reproductive phase increases the demands of minerals, vitamins and organic compounds that participate in the female's reproductive physiological process. In this case, the inadequate supply of minerals may stimulate the osteopagic practice of cadaveric remains in the pastures, making the bovids susceptible to botulism. Diagnosis is established by means of clinical signs, epidemiological characteristics and absence of specific anatomopathological findings. Confirmation is given by the isolation of the toxin in the body of the diseased animal. However, the lack of detection of this does not rule out the possibility of occurrence of the disease, in view of the rapid passage of the neurotoxin through the hematogenous route and through the tissues before reaching the neuromuscular junctions. In suspect cases, it is important to perform a differential diagnosis for other diseases that demonstrate clinical symptoms of neurological or acute neuromuscular character. The description of this outbreak, besides exposing the first notification of botulism in the state of Acre, shows the epidemiological relationship between the main risk factors and the occurrence of the disease in the Brazilian herds

Communicative performance and vocabulary domain in preschool preterm infants

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of children in preschool age who were born premature and term, without neurological injury, regarding receptive and expressive language skills, and to reflect on the importance of these skills for performance in preschool. Materials and Methods: Two groups named Preterm Group and Comparison Group, each composed by 40 children, as well as 80 legal representatives (mothers) and 80 teachers of the participants. To pair the groups, we considered chronological age (months), sex, educational level, type of school (public or private) and socioeconomic status. To assess the groups we used structured and semi-structured Observation of Communicative Behavior and applied the ABFW Child Language Test - Part B-Vocabulary and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. To assess the legal representatives we applied an anamnesis questionnaire and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. The assessment of the teachers consisted of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory and a Student Assessment Protocol developed by the authors. Results: For the observation of communicative behavior, the categories with the highest losses were: narrative, maintaining dialogic activities and attention difficulties. In the ABFW Child Language Test and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test there were statistically significant differences. In the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory there were statistically significant differences in expressive vocabulary, but no differences in receptive vocabulary, for both the mothers and the teachers.  Conclusion: Children born prematurely with low risk of neurological sequelae in preschool age may have greater difficulties in linguistic performance than their peers born to term

ARTIFICIAL PRUNING OF FOREST TREE SPECIES IN RESPONSE TO CULTIVATION METHOD

This study aimed to quantify the artificial pruning of forest species sabia (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.), acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), at 12 months of age, in response to the cultivation method. The experimental design was in randomized block design in a factorial scheme (2x3), corresponding tosix treatments distributed in plots in tracks with four blocks. Being the main factor two methods of cultivation (less intensive - CA and more intensive - CB) and the secondary factor the forest species, totaling six treatments with four replicates each. The growth of each tree was obtained with the measurement of the total height and diameter at breast height. For the quantification of biomass pruned selected is a tree in the surrounds of each parcel with average height and diameter. The pruning was performed until the height equivalent to 40% of the crown height of the tree. The three variables studied (leaf, branch and total) showed significant differences between the types of cultivation and between the species. Only the parameter leaf for the sabia treatment didn’t show differences in relation to the cultivation types. We concluded that the cultivation method and the species types have influency in the total biomass production and consequently in the pruned plant amount

A ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO DE PRONUNCIAMENTOS OFICIAIS COMO METODOLOGIA INTERPRETATIVA DA POLÍTICA EXTERNA BRASILEIRA

A Política Externa brasileira tem entrado cada vez mais no cotidiano da sociedade, passando a ser entendida como política pública. Nesse sentido, com o objetivo de contribuir com métodos de pesquisa para uma maior apropriação da política externa enquanto objeto de análise, o presente artigo, por meio da análise do conteúdo de pronunciamentos oficiais, oferece mais um modelo analítico possível para a área. Apesar de ainda pouco explorada, a ferramenta aqui sugerida pretende analisar semelhanças ou contradições na fala dos líderes políticos que representam a política externa brasileira. Para isso foi criado um extenso banco de dados dos pronunciamentos oficiais dos presidentes brasileiros, a fim de investigar como as mudanças na política externa brasileira repercutem nos discursos oficiais em diferentes tópicos. Por meio do método aqui proposto, tem-se a intenção de tornar pública a ação e/ou intenção dos governos, bem como facilitar e estimular o uso da interpretação dos pronunciamentos oficiais para fins de pesquisa acadêmica. Inicialmente, são apresentados a perspectiva teórica utilizada, os conceitos aplicados e a construção da análise. Na parte empírica, ilustramos nosso argumento com um exemplo de aplicação do método, analisando o tratamento do tema “direitos humanos” nos vinte e oito pronunciamentos de lideranças brasileiras realizados em aberturas da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Como conclusões iniciais, ilustramos as potencialidades do método e sua funcionalidade para a análise da política externa brasileira

Occurrence of Dental Trauma in a Group of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Objective: To assess the occurrence of dental trauma in a group of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison to children without the disorder. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Children and Adolescents Health in the Department of Health of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The study included individuals with and without ASD, between three and 16 years old, and their parents/caregivers. Children/adolescents were assessed for dental trauma by clinical examination. All exams were performed by a trained and calibrated examiner (MCT), and intra-examiner reliability was previously established (Kappa=0.93). The Socio-demographic status was reported by parents/caregivers. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and generation of frequency distributions. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association between groups of children/adolescents with and without ASD about the presence of dental trauma. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Sixty children of both sexes participated in the study, thirty with a diagnosis of ASD and thirty without. The age ranging from 3 to 13 years, with an average of 7.5 ± 3.2 years. Children with ASD had a higher frequency of dental trauma than children without ASD (p=0.02), and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel fracture (57.10%), followed by enamel/dentin fracture without pulp exposure (42.90%). Conclusion:  Children with ASD, when compared to children who did not have ASD, had a higher occurrence of dental trauma

PERFIL LIPÍDICO DE ALUNOS INGRESSANTES DO CURSO DE MEDICINA

The lipid profile is assessed by a series of laboratory tests that include the quantification of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides (TG), and is necessary to analyze the risks of coronary heart disease associated with the lipid metabolism disorder known as dyslipidemia. The present study aimed to: verify the lipid profile of students who entered medical school. The analyses were made through the IPAQ questionnaire, levels of HDL, LDL, CT and Triglycerides. We evaluated 29 medical students who entered the course in 2019, the mean age was 19.92 years, average height was 1.67m and the average weight found was 68.44kg. Regarding physical activity, it was observed that 11 people (37.9%) reported not practicing and 62.1% reported performing some type of physical activity. In addition, it was noticed that 34.5% of the students had HDL at altered levels, on the other hand, only 13.8% had altered LDL levels. In the data analyzed from 29 students, 34.48% presented alterations in triglyceride levels, 13.79% high levels of Total Cholesterol, 34.48% low levels of HDL and 13.79% increase in blood LDL concentration. Regarding alcoholic beverages, it was found that most of the medical students studied used it more than once a week. It is worth mentioning that new research should be carried out, with a larger sample for greater correlations, in addition to other centers throughout the country.El perfil lipídico se evalúa mediante una serie de pruebas de laboratorio que incluyen la cuantificación del colesterol total (CT), el colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-c), el colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-c) y los triglicéridos (TG), y es necesario analizar los riesgos de enfermedad coronaria asociados con el trastorno del metabolismo lipídico conocido como dislipidemia. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos: verificar el perfil lipídico de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la escuela de medicina. Los análisis se realizaron a través del cuestionario IPAQ, niveles de HDL, LDL, CT y triglicéridos. Evaluamos a 29 estudiantes de medicina que ingresaron al curso en 2019, la edad promedio fue de 19.92 años, la altura promedio fue de 1.67m y el peso promedio encontrado fue de 68.44kg. En cuanto a la actividad física, se observó que 11 personas (37,9%) refirieron no practicar y 62,1% relataron realizar algún tipo de actividad física. Además, se observó que el 34,5% de los estudiantes tenían HDL en niveles alterados, por otro lado, solo el 13,8% tenía niveles alterados de LDL. En los datos analizados de 29 estudiantes, 34,48% presentaron alteraciones en los niveles de triglicéridos, 13,79% niveles altos de colesterol total, 34,48% niveles bajos de HDL y 13,79% aumento en la concentración de LDL en sangre. Con respecto a las bebidas alcohólicas, se encontró que la mayoría de los estudiantes de medicina estudiados lo usaban más de una vez por semana. Cabe mencionar que se deben realizar nuevas investigaciones, con una muestra.O perfil lipídico é avaliado por uma série de exames laboratoriais que incluem a quantificação do colesterol total (CT), colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c), colesterol da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) e triglicerídeos (TG), e é necessário para analisar os riscos de doença cardíaca coronariana, associados com o distúrbio do metabolismo dos lipídeos, conhecido como dislipidemia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo: : verificar o perfil lipídico de alunos que ingressaram no curso de medicina. As análises foram feitas através do questionário IPAQ, níveis de HDL, LDL, CT e Triglicerídeos. Foram avaliados 29 estudantes de medicina que ingressaram no curso no ano de 2019, a média de idade foi de 19,92 anos, altura média foi de 1,67m e o peso médio encontrado foi de 68,44kg. Em relação à atividade física, observou-se que 11 pessoas (37,9%) relataram não praticar e 62,1% referiram realizar algum tipo de atividade física. Além disso, percebeu-se que 34,5% dos estudantes apresentavam HDL em níveis alterados, em contrapartida, apenas 13,8% apresentavam níveis de LDL alterados. Nos dados analisados de 29 estudantes, 34,48% apresentaram alteração nos níveis de triglicerídeos, 13,79% níveis elevados de Colesterol Total, 34,48% níveis baixos de HDL e 13,79% aumento da concentração de LDL sanguíneo. Em relação à bebida alcoólica, constatou-se que a maioria dos estudantes de medicina estudados faziam uso mais de uma vez por semana. Vale ressaltar que novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas, com uma amostra maior para maiores correlações, além de outros centros pelo país.O perfil lipídico é avaliado por uma série de exames laboratoriais que incluem a quantificação do colesterol total (CT), colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c), colesterol da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) e triglicerídeos (TG), e é necessário para analisar os riscos de doença cardíaca coronariana, associados com o distúrbio do metabolismo dos lipídeos, conhecido como dislipidemia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo: : verificar o perfil lipídico de alunos que ingressaram no curso de medicina. As análises foram feitas através do questionário IPAQ, níveis de HDL, LDL, CT e Triglicerídeos. Foram avaliados 29 estudantes de medicina que ingressaram no curso no ano de 2019, a média de idade foi de 19,92 anos, altura média foi de 1,67m e o peso médio encontrado foi de 68,44kg. Em relação à atividade física, observou-se que 11 pessoas (37,9%) relataram não praticar e 62,1% referiram realizar algum tipo de atividade física. Além disso, percebeu-se que 34,5% dos estudantes apresentavam HDL em níveis alterados, em contrapartida, apenas 13,8% apresentavam níveis de LDL alterados. Nos dados analisados de 29 estudantes, 34,48% apresentaram alteração nos níveis de triglicerídeos, 13,79% níveis elevados de Colesterol Total, 34,48% níveis baixos de HDL e 13,79% aumento da concentração de LDL sanguíneo. Em relação à bebida alcoólica, constatou-se que a maioria dos estudantes de medicina estudados faziam uso mais de uma vez por semana. Vale ressaltar que novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas, com uma amostra maior para maiores correlações, além de outros centros pelo país

CUIDADO E RECUPERAÇÃO DO IDOSO COM FRATURA DECORRENTE DE QUEDA NA PERSPECTIVA DO CUIDADOR FAMILIAR

Objetivo: apreender a perspectiva do cuidador familiar sobre o cuidado e a recuperação do idoso com fratura decorrente de queda. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório realizado com 15 cuidadores familiares de idosos no município de Borrazópolis, Paraná, Brasil, nos meses de junho e julho de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas submetidas à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: equipe de enfermagem apoiando familiares cuidadores de idosos com fratura; imobilização de membro ou restrição ao leito como condição geradora de dependência; peculiaridades do cuidado ao idoso com fratura; e religiosidade/ espiritualidade fortalecendo o cuidado cotidiano. Conclusão: na perspectiva do cuidador familiar, o cuidado e a recuperação do idoso com fratura decorrente de queda envolve dedicação, alterações no cotidiano pessoal e familiar e sobrecarga para o cuidador, além de dificuldades decorrentes do despreparo e da não aceitação da condição de dependência por parte do idoso. Descritores: Cuidadores. Idoso. Acidentes por Quedas. Reabilitação. Enfermagem

Patterns of regulatory behavior in the still-face paradigm at 3 months : a comparison of Brazilian and Portuguese infants

Copyright: © 2021 Fuertes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Three infant regulatory behavior patterns have been identified during the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) in prior research samples: a Social-Positive Oriented pattern (i.e., infants exhibit predominantly positive social engagement), a Distressed-Inconsolable pattern (i.e., infants display conspicuous negative affect that persists or increases across FFSF episodes), and a Self-Comfort Oriented pattern (e.g., infants primarily engage in self-comforting behaviors such as thumb-sucking). However, few studies have examined these patterns outside US and European countries or evaluated potential cross-country differences in these patterns. In this study, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 Brazilian and 124 Portuguese infants in the FFSF at 3 months of age, and evaluated their links to demographic and birth variables. The prevalence of the three regulatory patterns varied by country. The most frequent pattern in the Portuguese sample was the Social-Positive Oriented, followed by the Distressed-Inconsolable and the Self-Comfort Oriented. However, in the Brazilian sample, the Distressed-Inconsolable pattern was the most prevalent, followed by the Social-Positive Oriented and the Self-Comfort Oriented. Moreover, in the Brazilian sample, familial SES was higher among infants with a Social-Positive pattern whereas 1st-minute Apgar scores were lower among Portuguese infants with a Distressed-Inconsolable Oriented pattern of regulatory behavior. In each sample, Social Positive pattern of regulatory behavior was associated with maternal sensitivity, Self-Comfort Oriented pattern of regulatory behavior with maternal control, and Distressed-Inconsolable pattern with maternal unresponsivity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeitos Cognitivos Habilitantes dos Mecanismos de Controles Informais e do Compartilhamento de Informações na Resiliência Psicológica e no Desempenho de Tarefas

This research analyzes the effects of informal control mechanisms and information sharing on psychological resilience, understanding their consequent effects on task performance. Descriptive research, with a quantitative approach, was conducted through a survey of 196 controllers from companies operating in Brazil. The results reveal that the mechanisms of informal controls influence psychological resilience, either directly (personal) or indirectly (cultural), promoting better task performance. The informal control mechanisms, by promoting the sharing of information, enhance the effects of psychological resilience. Consequently, these managers tend to perform their activities with greater persistence and effectiveness, which can reflect positively on their performance.Esta pesquisa analisa os efeitos dos mecanismos de controles informais e do compartilhamento de informações na resiliência psicológica, compreendendo os seus reflexos consequentes no desempenho de tarefas. Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, foi realizada por meio de levantamento junto a 196 controlllers de empresas atuantes no Brasil. Os resultados revelam que os mecanismos de controles informais influenciam a resiliência psicológica, seja de forma direta (pessoais) ou indireta (culturais), promovendo melhor desempenho de tarefas. Os mecanismos de controles informais, ao promover o compartilhamento de informações, potencializa os efeitos da resiliência psicológica. Por consequência, estes gestores tendem a realizarem suas atividades com maior persistência e eficácia, o que pode refletir positivamente no seu desempenho