Trabajo académico realizado en el laboratorio de microbiología del hospital militar Central – Lima, sobre la prevalencia e incidencia de las micosis en el año 2018

El presente trabajo se realizó en el laboratorio de Micología del Hospital Militar Central, para poder establecer la prevalencia e incidencia de las micosis durante el año 2018, las muestras corresponden al personal militar y sus familiares cuya patología de algún modo fue asociada a las micosis. Se procesó 1437 muestras que corresponden a las micosis superficiales, oportunistas y profundas, que incluyo examen directo, cultivo en medio de Agar Saboraud glucosado y otros en medios específicos. Se obtuvieron 1284 muestras positivas, lo que significa que el 89.35%. es la prevalencia de las micosis. Las micosis superficiales fueron las más frecuente con un total de 1281 muestras positivas, de las cuales el 40.71% son levaduras y los dermatofitos 26.51%, concluyendo que son las levaduras las que más inciden y predominan en esta Área hospitalari

High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia among Mozambican children < 5 years of age admitted to hospital with clinical severe pneumonia

We aimed to describe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) prevalence and features in children from sub-Saharan Africa, and to investigate PCP-associated risk factors. During 2006-2007 we used molecular methods to test children younger than 5 years old admitted with severe pneumonia to a hospital in Southern Mozambique for Pneumocystis infection. We recruited 834 children. PCP prevalence was 6.8% and HIV prevalence was 25.7%. The in-hospital and delayed mortality were significantly higher among children with PCP (20.8% vs. 10.2 %, p=0.021, and 11.5% vs. 3.6%, p=0.044, respectively). Clinical features were mostly overlapping between the two groups. Independent risk factors for PCP were age less than a year (OR 6.34, 95%CI 1.86-21.65), HIV infection (OR 2.99, 95%CI 1.16-7.70), grunting (OR 2.64, 95%CI 1.04-6.73), and digital clubbing (OR 10.75, 95%CI 1.21-95.56). PCP is a common and life-threatening cause of severe pneumonia in Mozambican children. Mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention should be strengthened. Better diagnostic tools are needed

Congenital cytomegalovirus, parvovirus and enterovirus infection in Mozambican newborns at birth: A cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most prevalent congenital infection acquired worldwide, with higher incidence in developing countries and among HIV-exposed children. Less is known regarding vertical transmission of parvovirus B19 (B19V) and enterovirus (EV). We aimed to assess the prevalence of CMV, B19V and EV vertical transmission and compare results of screening of congenital CMV obtained from two different specimens in a semirural Mozambican maternity. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers attending Manhica District Hospital upon delivery. Information on maternal risk factors was ascertained. Dried umbilical cord (DUC) samples were collected in filter paper for CMV, B19V and EV detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) to test for CMV by RT-PCR. Maternal blood samples and placental biopsy samples were also obtained to investigate CMV maternal serology, HIV status and immunopathology. RESULTS: From September 2014 to January 2015, 118 mothers/newborn pairs were recruited. Prevalence of maternal HIV infection was 31.4% (37/118). CMV RT-PCR was positive in 3/115 (2.6%) of DUC samples and in 3/96 (6.3%) of NPA samples obtained from neonates. The concordance of the RT-PCR assay through DUC with their correspondent NPA sample was moderate (Kappa = 0.42 and p<0.001. No differences on cCMV prevalence were found among HIV-exposed and unexposed. All (100%) mothers were seropositive for CMV IgG. RT-PCR of EV and B19V in DUC were both negative in all screened cases. No histological specific findings were found in placental tissues. No risk factors associated to vertical transmission of these viral infections were found. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the significant occurrence of vertical transmission of CMV in southern Mozambique. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the true burden, clinical relevance and consequences of congenital infections with such pathogens in resource-constrained settings

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Desestacionalizacion de las series economicas del comercio exterior del ecuador con tramo seats

en este trabajo se lleva a cabo la desestacionalizacion de las series economicas del comercio exterior del ecuador utilizando el metodod de ajuste estacional tramo-seats en el modulo automatico del software demetra. la tecnica tramo-seats involucra la aplicacion de modelos de regresion con ruido arima y de filtros de kolmogorov, de modo que luego de linealizar de las series y corregirlas de valores atipicos y de efectos de calendario se descomponen en sus diferentes componentes estocasticos.GuayaquilIngenieros en Estadística Informátic

Diseño e implementación del parque virtual del proyecto ¡ajá! parque de la ciencia

Este proyecto detalla el diseño y la implementación de un portal para el centro interactivo “¡Ajá! Parque De La Ciencia”, a través del cual las personas, principalmente la niñez y la juventud, puedan conocer virtualmente el sitio para formar en su mente un modelo conceptual del mismo a fin de motivarlos a visitar el parque. También se puede considerar este trabajo como una guía para realizar portales educativos, ya que ayudará a tener ciertas consideraciones al momento de desarrollar un portal con propósitos didácticos, sobretodo orientado a la educación no formal en ciencias. Al final se ha obtenido un portal con dos bloques definidos: la zona virtual y las páginas dinámicas. La zona virtual es un conjunto de aplicaciones que pueden ser visuales, demostrativas o interactivas; cuyo contenido tiene la finalidad de incentivar a sus usuarios al estudio de las ciencias y la investigación; la presentación de la información es animada y divertida bajo un contexto metafórico. Las páginas dinámicas presentan organizadamente la información del parque que se encuentra almacenada en la base de datos del portal; éstas páginas incluyen la sección de administración de los datos y parámetros de las mismas; utilizando sesiones de trabajo con criterios de seguridad

Desestacionalización de las series economicas del comercio exteríor del Ecuador con tramo seats

EN ESTE TRABAJO SE LLEVA A CABO LA DESESTACIONALIZACION DE LAS SERIES ECONOMICAS DEL COMERCIO EXTERIOR DEL ECUADOR UTILIZANDO EL METODOD DE AJUSTE ESTACIONAL TRAMO-SEATS EN EL MODULO AUTOMATICO DEL SOFTWARE DEMETRA. LA TECNICA TRAMO-SEATS INVOLUCRA LA APLICACION DE MODELOS DE REGRESION CON RUIDO ARIMA Y DE FILTROS DE KOLMOGOROV, DE MODO QUE LUEGO DE LINEALIZAR DE LAS SERIES Y CORREGIRLAS DE VALORES ATIPICOS Y DE EFECTOS DE CALENDARIO SE DESCOMPONEN EN SUS DIFERENTES COMPONENTES ESTOCASTICOS

Diseño e implementación del parque virtual del proyecto ¡ aja!, parque de la ciencia

ESTE TRABAJO SE CONSIDERA COMO UNA GUIA PARA REALIZAR PORTALES EDUCATIVOS YA QUE AYUDARA ATENER CIERTAS CONSIDERACIONES AL MOMENTO DE INICIAR A DESARROLLAR UN PORTAL CON PROPOSITOS DIDACTICOS SOBRETODO ORIENTADA A LA EDUCACION NO FORMAL EN CIENCIAS LA ZONA VIRTUAL ES UN CONJUNTO DE APLICACIONES QUE PUEDEN SER VISUALES DEMOSTRATIVAS O INTERACTIVAS CUYO CONTENIDO TIENE LA FINALIDAD DE INCENTIVAR A SUS USUARIOS AL ESTUDIO DE LAS CIENCIAS Y LA INVESTIGACION LA PRESRNTACION DE LA INFORMACION ES ANIMADA Y DIVERTIDA BAJO UN CONTEXTO METAFONICO LAS PAGINAS DINAMICAS PRESENTAN ORGANIZADAMENTE LA INFORMACION DEL PARQUE QUE SE ENCUENTRA ALMACENADA EN LA BASE DE DATOS DEL PORTAL