Entire coronary origin from the right sinus of Valsalva as a common trunk in an ex-competitive athlete

54-year-old male patient presenting with typical ischaemic chest pain

Señales aterogénicas tempranas y aterosclerosis subclínica en niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de prediabetes

Introducción: el inicio de la prediabetes en edades pediátricas se ha convertido en un problema cada vez más frecuente, donde la obesidad juega un papel relevante. Los pacientes con prediabetes en la infancia presentan una alta prevalencia de señales aterogénicas tempranas (SAT), las cuales constituyen factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, esto conduce a una alteración precoz de la función endotelial. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre las SAT detectadas y la aterosclerosis subclínica en niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de prediabetes. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 31 niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 18 años de edad con diagnóstico reciente de prediabetes, atendidos en el Instituto de Endocrinología de Cuba, durante noviembre 2015 a noviembre 2016. Las principales variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos familiares y personales, presencia de obesidad abdominal, tensión arterial, lipidograma, resistencia a la insulina, disfunción endotelial (DE) y grosor íntima media carotideo (GIMC). Resultados: predominaron los adolescentes, el sexo masculino, los antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y personales de obesidad. La obesidad abdominal, tensión arterial normal, lipidograma normal y resistencia insulínica caracterizaron a los pacientes. Se detectó DE en el 19,3 % de los pacientes y GIMC aumentado en el 58 %. En los pacientes con DE y GIMC aumentado, predominó la obesidad abdominal y la resistencia a la insulina. Conclusiones: desde el momento del diagnóstico de la prediabetes puede existir aterosclerosis subclínica en niños y adolescentes que presentan varias SAT asociadas

Evaluación ecocardiográfica de la rigidez arterial en pacientes sanos e hipertensos menores de 60 años.

Objetivos: Determinar la asociación de diversos parámetros de rigidez arterial con la presencia de hipertensión arterial y disfunción diastólica en pacientes menores de 60 años.  Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, que incluyó un total de 83 pacientes (aparentemente sanos, n=43; hipertensos, n=40) provenientes de la consulta externa del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, en el periodo comprendido de Abril a Octubre de 2009. Se estudiaron variables clínicas (edad, sexo, antecedentes de tabaquismo, hipercolesterolemia, obesidad, diabetes mellitus [DM], hipertensión arterial [HTA] y tiempo de evolución de la HTA) y ecocardiográficas (función diastólica, índice de rigidez arterial [β], constante de elastancia presión-deformación [Ep], complianza arterial [Ca] y velocidad local de propagación del pulso [VLPP]).Resultados: El índice de rigidez arterial [β], la Ep y la VLPP fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de pacientes hipertensos vs individuos sanos (p<0.001) y en el grupo de pacientes hipertensos con disfunción diastólica vs hipertensos con función diastólica normal (p<0.001). Se demostró un incremento proporcional y significativo en la presencia de disfunción diastólica en los pacientes con VLPP ≥ 5m/seg y más de 5 años  de evolución de la HTA en comparación con aquellos con VLPP ≥ 5m/seg y menos de 5 años de evolución, y de estos con el grupo con VLPP < 5m/seg, independientemente de los años de evolución de la HTA (30.0 % vs 20.0 % vs 12.5 % vs 2.5 %, p=0.036, respectivamente).  Conclusiones: La rigidez arterial mostró una asociación significativa con la presencia de HTA y disfunción diastólica

Hour glass configuration of the interaatrial septum causing obstruction of the superior vena cava.

The erroneous denomination “lipomatous hypertrophy of the interaatrial septum” is a benign lesion characterized by an important epicardial fat accumulationin the interaatrial septum. We present a female patient with shortness of breath at great efforts and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographydiagnosis of hourglass configuration of the interaatrial septum provoking inflow obstruction of the superior vena cava

La divulgación de fenómenos ópticos como recurso didáctico

Memoria ID-124. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020.[ES]El objetivo principal del proyecto es demostrar a los estudiantes que la labor divulgativa, en particular en el ámbito de la óptica y la fotónica, además de un servicio hacia la sociedad muy enriquecedor, implica una refelexión y profundización sobre los conceptos manejados en las charlas y/o experiencias que es tremendamente útil para un mejor aprendizaje de los mismos por parte de los divulgadore

Nueva metodología y recursos online para la adaptación de las prácticas de laboratorio de Óptica a escenarios docentes con diferente grado de presencialidad

Memoria ID-040 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

The institutions of archaic post-modernity and their organizational and managerial consequences: The case of Portugal

The long march of modernization of the Western societies tends to be presented as following a regular sequence: societies and institutions were pre-modern, and then they were modernized, eventually becoming post-modern. Such teleology may provide an incomplete or distorted narrative of societal evolution in many parts of the world, even in the ‘post-modern heartland’ of Western Europe, with Portugal being a case in point. The concept of archaic post-modernity has been developed by a philosopher, José Gil, to show how Portuguese institutions and organizations combine elements of pre-modernity and post-modernity. The notion of an archaic post-modernity is advanced in order to provide an alternative account of the modernization process, which enriches discussion of the varieties of capitalism. Differences in historical experiences create singularities that may be considered in the analysis of culture, management and organization

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings: Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation: Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury