Patrones de distribución de los caprélidos intermareales y de aguas someras asociados a macroalgas de la Península Ibérica

This study investigated the patterns of caprellids associated with macroalgae from the intertidal and shallow waters (0-5 m) of the Iberian Peninsula. Nineteen stations and 250 samples of algae demonstrated the presence of 46 algal species (22 intertidal and 24 subtidal). Eleven caprellid species dwelled in th ese macroalgae with Caprella penantis and C. acanthifera being the most abundant species. Caprella acanthifera , Phtisica marina and Pseudoprotella phasma inhabited the whole Peninsula; C. danilevskii , C. equilibra , C. fretensis and C. penantis showed Atlantic distribution, whereas C. grandimana , C. hirsuta , C. liparotensis and Deutella schieckei inhabited only Mediterranean sites and the Strait of Gibraltar. Caprellid species demonstrated low substrate specificity and associated themselves with many species of algae. Subtidal subtrates contained higher numbers of caprellid species than intertidal substrates. The highest number of caprellid species occurred on the algae Stypocaulon scoparium , Cystoseira spp., Corallina elongata , Jania rubens , Codium vermilara , Cladostephus spongiosus and Asparagopsis armata . Caprellid abundances were very high, both in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, reaching 12200 ind/ 1000 ml alga. In fact, caprellids are one of the dominant groups of associated fauna in the intertidal in comparison with other taxa. In spite of the high densities, caprellid diversity (in terms of number of species) in the intertidal and very shallow bottoms of the Iberian Peninsula is very low (11 species) in comparison with total caprellid diversity including deeper areas >5 m (ca. 40 species). Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that temperature and conductivity are the environmental variables that explain a clear Atlantic-Mediterranean gradient for caprellid distribution.Se estudió el patrón de caprélidos asociados a macroalgas del intermareal y aguas someras (0-5 m) de la Península Ibérica. Un total de 19 estaciones y 250 muestras de algas reflejaron la presencia de 46 especies de algas (22 intermareales y 24 submareales). Once especies de caprélidos se asociaron a estas macroalgas, siendo Caprella penantis y C. acanthifera las más abundantes. Caprella acanthifera , Phtisica marina y Pseudoprotella phasma se distribuyeron por toda la Península; C. danilevskii , C. equilibra , C. fretensis y C. penantis mostraron distribución Atlántica, mientras que C. grandimana , C. hirsuta , C. liparotensis y Deutella schieckei se encontraron sólo en el Mediterráneo y el Estrecho de Gibraltar. Los caprélidos mostraron baja especificidad por el sustrato y se asociaron a distintas especies de algas. Los sustratos submareales albergaron mayor número de especies que los intermareales. Las mayores diversidades de especies se encontraron en las algas Stypocaulon scoparium , Cystoseira spp., Corallina elongata , Jania rubens , Codium vermilara , Cladostephus spongiosus y Asparagosis armata . Las abundancias registradas fueron muy altas, tanto en el intermareal como el submareal, alcanzando los 12200 ind/1000 ml de alga. De hecho, los caprélidos constituyen uno de los grupos dominantes de fauna asociada en el intermareal en comparación con otros taxa. A pesar de las altas densidades, la diversidad de los caprélidos (en términos de número de especies) en el intermareal y submareal somero de la Península Ibérica es bajo (11 espe- cies) si se compara con la diversidad total de caprélidos incluyendo aguas más profundas > 5 m (ca. 40 especies). El Análisis Canónico de Correspondencias mostró que la temperatura y la conductividad son las variables ambientales que mejor explican el claro gradiente Atlántico-Mediterráneo de distribución de caprélidos

Influencia del uso de WhatsApp y correo electrónico en la competencia digital en el área de comunicación

The technological advance of mobile devices has significantly changed the way students communicate and interact. The purpose of this research is to analyse the level of digital competence in the area of communication of Spanish schoolchildren aged 12-16 years and to determine whether the use of WhatsApp and email influence this competence. A quantitative methodology was used, working with a sample of 807 students and a problem-solving test was used for data collection. The results show that the use of these communicative tools does not improve students' level of competence.El avance tecnológico de los dispositivos móviles ha cambiado significativamente la manera en que los estudiantes se comunican e interactúan. Se presenta una investigación cuya finalidad es analizar el nivel de competencia digital, en el área de comunicación, que tienen escolares españoles de 12-16 años, y determinar si el uso de WhatsApp y correo electrónico influyen en él. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, se trabajó con una muestra de 807 estudiantes y se utilizó una prueba de resolución de problemas para la recogida de datos. Los resultados evidencian que el uso de estas herramientas comunicativas no mejora el nivel competencial

Unmasking a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target from the GDNF-RET/PIT1/p14ARF/p53 pathway in acromegaly

Most of acromegaly is caused by a sporadic somatotropinoma and a couple of novel gene mutations responsible for somatotropinoma have recently been reported. To determine the cause of sporadic somatotropinoma in Japanese patients, we analyzed 61 consecutive Japanese patients with somatotropinoma without apparent family history. Comprehensive genetic analysis revealed that 31 patients harbored guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS) mutations (50.8%) and three patients harbored aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) mutations (4.9%). No patients had G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) mutations. The patients in this cohort study were categorized into three groups of AIP, GNAS, and others and compared the clinical characteristics. The AIP group exhibited significantly younger age at diagnosis, larger tumor, and higher nadir GH during oral glucose tolerance test. In all patients with AIP mutation, macro- and invasive tumor was detected and repetitive surgery or postoperative medical therapy was needed. One case showed a refractory response to postoperative somatostatin analogue (SSA) but after the addition of cabergoline as combined therapy, serum IGF-I levels were controlled. The other case showed a modest response to SSA and the switching to cabergoline monotherapy was also effective. These data suggest that although resistance to SSA has been reported in patients with AIP mutations, the response to dopamine agonist (DA) may be retained. In conclusion, the cause of sporadic somatotropinoma in Japanese patients was comparable with the previous reports in Caucasians, patients with AIP mutations showed unique clinical characteristics, and DA may be a therapeutic option for patients with AIP mutations

¿Hacen los adolescentes un uso seguro de Internet?

En los últimos años se ha visto un incremento espectacular del uso de internet, particularmente, entre los más jóvenes. Este uso tan extendido ha ofrecido numerosas ventajas a la sociedad actual, pero también ciertos inconvenientes. Ante estos inconvenientes, el proyecto eConfidence, financiado por el programa de investigación e innovación de la Unión Europea Horizon 2020, en virtud del acuerdo de subvención No 732420, pretende conocer si los estudiantes han adquirido los conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos necesarios para usar Internet de forma segura. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio mediante encuesta a una muestra compuesta por 180 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 13 y 14 años de cinco escuelas españolas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan un alto conocimiento acerca del tema, además de actitudes positivas de los jóvenes españoles ante el uso seguro de Internet

Broad-band high-resolution rotational spectroscopy for laboratory astrophysics

We present a new experimental set-up devoted to the study of gas phase molecules and processes using broad-band high spectral resolution rotational spectroscopy. A reactor chamber is equipped with radio receivers similar to those used by radio astronomers to search for molecular emission in space. The whole range of the Q (31.5-50 GHz) and W bands (72-116.5 GHz) is available for rotational spectroscopy observations. The receivers are equipped with 16 × 2.5 GHz fast Fourier transform spectrometers with a spectral resolution of 38.14 kHz allowing the simultaneous observation of the complete Q band and one-third of the W band. The whole W band can be observed in three settings in which the Q band is always observed. Species such as CH3CN, OCS, and SO2 are detected, together with many of their isotopologues and vibrationally excited states, in very short observing times. The system permits automatic overnight observations, and integration times as long as 2.4 × 105 s have been reached. The chamber is equipped with a radiofrequency source to produce cold plasmas, and with four ultraviolet lamps to study photochemical processes. Plasmas of CH4, N2, CH3CN, NH3, O2, and H2, among other species, have been generated and the molecular products easily identified by the rotational spectrum, and via mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy. Finally, the rotational spectrum of the lowest energy conformer of CH3CH2NHCHO (N-ethylformamide), a molecule previously characterized in microwave rotational spectroscopy, has been measured up to 116.5 GHz, allowing the accurate determination of its rotational and distortion constants and its search in space.We thank the European Research Council for funding support under Synergy Grant ERC-2013-SyG, G.A. 610256 (NANOCOSMOS). IT, VJH, and JLD acknowledge additional partial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through grant FIS2016-77726-C3-1-P. JAMG, LM, and GS acknowledge additional partial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through grant MAT2017-85089-C2-1R. We thank David López Romero for his help during the process of installation, commissioning, and cleaning of the chamber. We would like to thank Kremena Makasheva for the useful comments and suggestions during the experiments with Hexamethyldisiloxane. We would also like to thank Rosa Lebrón, Jesús Quintanilla, and Cristina Soria for providing us with the sample of N-ethylformamide. Sandra I. Ramírez acknowledges support from the FONCICYT under grant number 291842. Celina Bermúdez thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades for the Juan de la Cierva grant FJCI-2016-27983

A horizon scan exercise for aquatic invasive alien species in Iberian inland waters

As the number of introduced species keeps increasing unabatedly, identifying and prioritising current and potential Invasive Alien Species (IAS) has become essential to manage them. Horizon Scanning (HS), defined as an exploration of potential threats, is considered a fundamental component of IAS management. By combining scientific knowledge on taxa with expert opinion, we identified the most relevant aquatic IAS in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e., those with the greatest geographic extent (or probability of introduction), severe ecological, economic and human health impacts, greatest difficulty and acceptability of management. We highlighted the 126 most relevant IAS already present in Iberian inland waters (i.e., Concern list) and 89 with a high probability of being introduced in the near future (i.e., Alert list), of which 24 and 10 IAS, respectively, were considered as a management priority after receiving the highest scores in the expert assessment (i.e., top-ranked IAS). In both lists, aquatic IAS belonging to the four thematic groups (plants, freshwater invertebrates, estuarine invertebrates, and vertebrates) were identified as having been introduced through various pathways from different regions of the world and classified according to their main functional feeding groups. Also, the latest update of the list of IAS of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 includes only 12 top-ranked IAS identified for the Iberian Peninsula, while the national lists incorporate the vast majority of them. This fact underlines the great importance of taxa prioritisation exercises at biogeographical scales as a step prior to risk analyses and their inclusion in national lists. This HS provides a robust assessment and a cost-effective strategy for decision-makers and stakeholders to prioritise the use of limited resources for IAS prevention and management. Although applied at a transnational level in a European biodiversity hotspot, this approach is designed for potential application at any geographical or administrative scale, including the continental one

Validation of deep learning techniques for quality augmentation in diffusion MRI for clinical studies

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of deep learning (DL) techniques in improving the quality of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data in clinical applications. The study aims to determine whether the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in medical images may result in the loss of critical clinical information and/or the appearance of false information. To assess this, the focus was on the angular resolution of dMRI and a clinical trial was conducted on migraine, specifically between episodic and chronic migraine patients. The number of gradient directions had an impact on white matter analysis results, with statistically significant differences between groups being drastically reduced when using 21 gradient directions instead of the original 61. Fourteen teams from different institutions were tasked to use DL to enhance three diffusion metrics (FA, AD and MD) calculated from data acquired with 21 gradient directions and a b-value of 1000 s/mm2. The goal was to produce results that were comparable to those calculated from 61 gradient directions. The results were evaluated using both standard image quality metrics and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to compare episodic and chronic migraine patients. The study results suggest that while most DL techniques improved the ability to detect statistical differences between groups, they also led to an increase in false positive. The results showed that there was a constant growth rate of false positives linearly proportional to the new true positives, which highlights the risk of generalization of AI-based tasks when assessing diverse clinical cohorts and training using data from a single group. The methods also showed divergent performance when replicating the original distribution of the data and some exhibited significant bias. In conclusion, extreme caution should be exercised when using AI methods for harmonization or synthesis in clinical studies when processing heterogeneous data in clinical studies, as important information may be altered, even when global metrics such as structural similarity or peak signal-to-noise ratio appear to suggest otherwise

Professional quality of life and organizational changes: a five-year observational study in Primary Care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The satisfaction and the quality of life perceived by professionals have implications for the performance of health organizations. We have assessed the variations in professional quality of life (PQL) and their explanatory factors during a services management decentralization process.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>It was designed as a longitudinal analytical observational study in a Health Area in Madrid, Spain. Three surveys were sent out during an ongoing management decentralization process between 2001 and 2005. The professionals surveyed were divided into three groups: Group I (97.3% physicians), group II (92.5% nurses) and group III (auxiliary personnel). Analysis of the tendency and elaboration of an explanatory multivariate model was made. The PQL -35 questionnaire, based on Karasek's demand-control theory, was used to measure PQL. This questionnaire recognizes three PQL dimensions: management support (MS), workload (WL) and intrinsic motivation (IM).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>1444 responses were analyzed. PQL increased 0.16 (CI 95% 0.04 – 0.28) points in each survey. Group II presents over time a higher PQL score than group I of 0.38 (IC 95% 0.18 – 0.59) points. There is no difference between groups I and III.</p> <p>For each point that MS increases, PQL increases between 0.44 and 0.59 points. PQL decreases an average of between 0.35 and 0.49 point, for each point that WL increases.</p> <p>Age appears to have a marginal association with PQL (CI 95% 0.00 – 0.02), as it occurs with being single or not having a stable relationship (CI 95% 0.01 – 0.41). Performing management tasks currently or in the past is related to poorer PQL perception (CI 95% -0.45 – -0.06), and the same occurs with working other than morning shifts (CI 95% -0.03 – -0.40 points).</p> <p>PQL is not related to sex, location of the centre (rural/urban), time spent working in the organization or contractual situation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>With the improvement in work control and avoiding increases in workloads, PQL perception can be maintained despite deep organizational changes at the macro-management level. Different professional groups experience different perceptions depending on how the changes impact their position in the organization.</p

Deep-sequencing reveals broad subtype-specific HCV resistance mutations associated with treatment failure

A percentage of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients fail direct acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment regimens, often because of drug resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance profile of a large cohort of patients failing DAA-based treatments, and investigate the relationship between HCV subtype and failure, as an aid to optimizing management of these patients. A new, standardized HCV-RAS testing protocol based on deep sequencing was designed and applied to 220 previously subtyped samples from patients failing DAA treatment, collected in 39 Spanish hospitals. The majority had received DAA-based interferon (IFN) a-free regimens; 79% had failed sofosbuvir-containing therapy. Genomic regions encoding the nonstructural protein (NS) 3, NS5A, and NS5B (DAA target regions) were analyzed using subtype-specific primers. Viral subtype distribution was as follows: genotype (G) 1, 62.7%; G3a, 21.4%; G4d, 12.3%; G2, 1.8%; and mixed infections 1.8%. Overall, 88.6% of patients carried at least 1 RAS, and 19% carried RAS at frequencies below 20% in the mutant spectrum. There were no differences in RAS selection between treatments with and without ribavirin. Regardless of the treatment received, each HCV subtype showed specific types of RAS. Of note, no RAS were detected in the target proteins of 18.6% of patients failing treatment, and 30.4% of patients had RAS in proteins that were not targets of the inhibitors they received. HCV patients failing DAA therapy showed a high diversity of RAS. Ribavirin use did not influence the type or number of RAS at failure. The subtype-specific pattern of RAS emergence underscores the importance of accurate HCV subtyping. The frequency of “extra-target” RAS suggests the need for RAS screening in all three DAA target regions

Molecular profiling of a rare rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor arising in the spinal cord

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) of the IV ventricle is a rare and recently recognized brain tumor entity. It is histologically composed by two distinct features: a glial component, resembling pilocytic astrocytoma, and a component forming neurocytic rosettes and/or perivascular rosettes. Herein, we describe a 33-year-old man with RGNT arising in the spinal cord. Following an immunohistochemistry validation, we further performed an extensive genomic analysis, using array-CGH (aCGH), whole exome and cancer-related hotspot sequencing, in order to better understand its underlying biology. We observed the loss of 1p and gain of 1q, as well as gain of the whole chromosomes 7, 9 and 16. Local amplifications in 9q34.2 and 19p13.3 (encompassing the gene SBNO2) were identified. Moreover, we observed focal gains/losses in several chromosomes. Additionally, on chromosome 7, we identified the presence of the KIAA1549:BRAF gene fusion, which was further validated by RT-PCR and FISH. Across all mutational analyses, we detected and validated the somatic mutations of the genes MLL2, CNNM3, PCDHGC4 and SCN1A. Our comprehensive molecular profiling of this RGNT suggests that MAPK pathway and methylome changes, driven by KIAA1549:BRAF fusion and MLL2 mutation, respectively, could be associated with the development of this rare tumor entity.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [475358/2011-2] to RMR (www.cnpq.br); Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo [2012/19590-0] to RMR and [2011/08523-7 and 2012/08287-4] to LTB (www.fapesp.br); the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PTDC/SAU-ONC/115513/2009] to RMR; and the National Cancer Institute [P30CA046934] to MG