49 research outputs found
InfluĂȘncia de Ciclos de Autoclavagem na Velocidade de Absorção de Cones de Papel Absorvente â AnĂĄlise âin vitro"
A presença de umidade no interior do sistema de canais radiculares apĂłs o preparo quĂmico-mecĂąnico e sua desinfecção pode influenciar no selamento apical e no ĂȘxito da obturação endodĂŽntica. A manobra de secagem do canal radicular Ă© obtida com eficiĂȘncia pela utilização de cones de papel absorvente e, dentre as qualidades exigidas destes, ressalta-se a capacidade de absorção. PorĂ©m, para sua utilização, esses cones precisam ser esterilizados e esse procedimento nĂŁo deve inferir alteraçÔes em suas propriedades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar âin vitroâ a influĂȘncia do nĂșmero de esterilizaçÔes em autoclave sobre a velocidade de absorção dos cones de papel absorvente da marca Endo Points. Foram analisados 120 cones de papel, de nĂșmero 40 de estandardização, divididos em 4 grupos de 30 cones e submetidos a zero, um, trĂȘs e cinco ciclos de esterilização em autoclave. A velocidade de absorção foi determinada segundo a metodologia proposta por Holland et al. (1988). A velocidade mĂ©dia de absorção dos cones de papel foi de 13,86 segundos para o grupo 1 (controle), 8,63 segundos para o grupo 2 (um ciclo de esterilização), de 7,1 segundos para o grupo 3 (trĂȘs ciclos de esterilização) e de 7,33 segundos para o grupo 4 (cinco ciclos de esterilização). PĂŽde-se concluir que, apesar de nĂŁo existir significĂąncia estatĂstica entre os valores dos grupos 2, 3 e 4, segundo o teste t de Student (p<0,05), quando comparados ao grupo 1 (controle âsem esterilização), o uso da autoclave gera diferença significativa, ou seja, melhora o poder de absorção dos cones de papel absorvente da marca Endo Points
Installation and calibration of sensors for analysis of soil humidity and temperature in eastern Amazon areas
Soil moisture and temperature are important components to improve watershed management and natural resource planning, especially in areas where water supplies are limited during dry seasons. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the installation and calibration of five sensors (Drill & Drop) as well as the consistency of the results obtained for moisture and soil temperature in areas of forest, pasture, forest-pasture transition and pasture-urban transition in the ItacaiĂșnas River Hydrographic Area (BHRI) in the Eastern Amazon. The results refer to the period from April to September 2019, showing different trends between forest and pasture areas. The data consistency analysis efficiently identified measurement errors, especially in the surface layer of the soil (10 cm). The Onça Puma and IFPA Rural stations had the highest percentages of error data 22.8% and 17.6%, respectively. On the other hand, these results may be associated with the environmental characteristics of the region, as well as the physical characteristics of the soil during each season. The soil temperature and humidity parameters were consistent with data from other meteorological variables (precipitation and mean air temperature) measured by sensors installed in the local hydrometeorological stations. Overall, the soil moisture and temperature measurements were obtained properly and are presented as quality data sources. Thus, it is expected that the results will contribute to enriching the availability of soil data in the IRB and encouraging the use of direct measurements given the quantity (and quality) of data obtained using this instrumentation.Soil moisture and temperature are important components to improve watershed management and natural resource planning. In that way, this article aimed to evaluate the installation and calibration of five sensors (Drill & Drop) as well as the consistency of the results obtained for moisture and soil temperature in areas of forest, pasture, forest-pasture transition, and pasture-urban transition in the ItacaiĂșnas River Hydrographic Area (IRB) in the Eastern Amazon. The results are from April to September 2019, showing different trends between forest and pasture areas. The data consistency analysis efficiently identified measurement errors, especially in the soilâs surface layer (10 cm). The highest percentage of error data occurred in the Onça Puma and IFPA rural stations, with 22.8% and 17.6%. On the other hand, these results may be associated with the environmental characteristics of the region, as well as the soilâs physical characteristics during each season. The soil temperature and humidity parameters were consistent with data from other meteorological variables (precipitation and mean air temperature) measured by sensors installed in the local hydrometeorological stations. Generally, the temperature and soil moisture measurements were obtained properly and are presented as quality data sources. Thus, it is expected that the results will contribute to enriching the availability of soil data in the IRB and encourage the use of direct measurements given the quantity (and quality) of data obtained using this instrumentation
Associação prevalĂȘncia e fatores de risco entre obesidade e cĂąncer de mama
In Brazil and worldwide, an increase in breast cancer rates every year, so obese individuals have a risk of 1.5 to 3.5 more likely to develop cancer and obesity is also a risk factor for other cancers. . This article aims to analyze the association, prevalence and risk factors between obesity and breast cancer. This is an integrative literature review conducted through the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). After selecting twenty articles, only seven were part of the final sample. According to the results obtained, in the association between breast cancer and obesity, it was found in most studies that these are directly interconnected, which present pre-obesity and general obesity among women with breast cancer. Such results are closely linked to women undergoing postmenopausal treatment. Regarding prevalence, it is high among the population studied, risk factors indicate sedentary lifestyle, low physical activity and low knowledge about its benefits. The present study is limited to the association prevalence and risk factors between obesity and breast cancer. Given the above is evident the importance of studies such as these, since they contribute directly to scholars in the area, as well as to the literature.En Brasil y en todo el mundo, un aumento en las tasas de cĂĄncer de mama cada año, por lo que las personas obesas tienen un riesgo de 1.5 a 3.5 mĂĄs probabilidades de desarrollar cĂĄncer y la obesidad tambiĂ©n es un factor de riesgo para otros tipos de cĂĄncer. . Este artĂculo tiene como objetivo analizar la asociaciĂłn, la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo entre la obesidad y el cĂĄncer de mama. Esta es una revisiĂłn bibliogrĂĄfica integradora realizada a travĂ©s de las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), la Biblioteca ElectrĂłnica en LĂnea CientĂfica (SCIELO) y la Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). DespuĂ©s de seleccionar veinte artĂculos, solo siete formaron parte de la muestra final. SegĂșn los resultados obtenidos, en la asociaciĂłn entre el cĂĄncer de mama y la obesidad, se encontrĂł en la mayorĂa de los estudios que estos estĂĄn directamente interconectados, lo que presenta pre-obesidad y obesidad general entre las mujeres con cĂĄncer de mama. Dichos resultados estĂĄn estrechamente relacionados con las mujeres sometidas a tratamiento posmenopĂĄusico. En cuanto a la prevalencia, es alta entre la poblaciĂłn estudiada, los factores de riesgo indican un estilo de vida sedentario, baja actividad fĂsica y poco conocimiento sobre sus beneficios. El presente estudio se limita a la asociaciĂłn entre prevalencia y factores de riesgo entre obesidad y cĂĄncer de seno. Dado lo anterior es evidente la importancia de estudios como estos, ya que contribuyen directamente a los acadĂ©micos en el ĂĄrea, asĂ como a la literatura. No Brasil e no mundo a um aumento dos Ăndice de cĂąncer de mama a cada ano, logo os indivĂduos obesos possuem um risco de 1,5 a 3,5 mais chances de desenvolver um cĂąncer e a obesidade tambĂ©m Ă© fator de risco para outros canceres. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a associação, prevalĂȘncia e fatores de risco entre obesidade e cĂąncer de mama. Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo integrativa da literatura realizada atravĂ©s dos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de SaĂșde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em CiĂȘncias em SaĂșde (LILACS). ApĂłs a seleção de vinte artigos, apenas sete fizeram parte da amostra final. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, na associação entre cĂąncer de mama e obesidade, constatou-se na maioria dos estudos que estes estĂŁo diretamente interligados, os quais apresentam prĂ©-obesidade e obesidade geral entre as mulheres com cĂąncer de mama. Tais resultados estĂŁo intimamente ligados a mulheres em tratamento na pĂłs-menopausa. Em relação Ă prevalĂȘncia, esta se encontra alta entre a população estudada, os fatores de risco apontam o sedentarismo, a baixa realização de atividades fĂsicas e o baixo conhecimento acerca dos benefĂcios da mesma. O presente estudo limita-se a associação prevalĂȘncia e fatores de risco entre obesidade e cĂąncer de mama. Diante do exposto fica evidente a importĂąncia de estudos como estes, desde que contribuem diretamente para os estudiosos da ĂĄrea, bem como para a literatura
Sepse associada ao cateter venoso central em pacientes adultos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Central venous catheter-associated sepsis in adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo Ă© conhecer e identificar por meio da literatura cientĂfica os fatores associados a infecçÔes durante a utilização do CVC na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com enfoque principal na sepse. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo integrativa realizada partir das seguintes etapas: escolha do tema, construção da pergunta de pesquisa atravĂ©s do acrĂŽnimo PICo (paciente, interesse, contexto), escolha dos Descritores em CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde (DeCS), definição dos critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo/exclusĂŁo dos artigos cientĂficos; coleta, anĂĄlise e discussĂŁo dos dados dos estudos selecionados, exposição da sĂntese das evidĂȘncias encontradas. A questĂŁo norteadora foi definida a partir do PICo. A população estudada foram os adultos, com interesse nos fatores associados Ă sepse durante a utilização do cateter venoso central em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Dessa forma, questiona-se quais os fatores influenciam para o acometimento por sepse na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em virtude do cateter venoso central? Resultados e DiscussĂŁo: Quando hĂĄ preparação e qualidade por parte da equipe durante o manuseio correto do cateter venoso central (CVC) para realização da manutenção e remoção do dispositivo viabiliza a diminuição de acometimento por sepse. ConsideraçÔes Finais: A UTI precisa fornecer serviços de qualidade para prestação de cuidados assistenciais holĂsticos e humanizados sem comprometer a vida do indivĂduo internado no setor, viabilizar a comunicação entre profissionais e paciente para fortalecimento de vĂnculo e maior segurança para ambos
Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas
This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.
Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities.
Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.
The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.
The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.
Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidĂȘncias cientĂficas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnĂłstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ĂȘnfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou.
A DC no sĂ©culo XXI mantĂ©m padrĂŁo epidemiolĂłgico de endemicidade em 21 paĂses da AmĂ©rica Latina. Investigadores e gestores de paĂses endĂȘmicos e nĂŁo endĂȘmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem polĂticas abrangentes, de saĂșde pĂșblica, para controle eficaz da transmissĂŁo inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nĂvel otimizado de atendimento aos indivĂduos jĂĄ infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnĂłstica e terapĂȘutica.
Mecanismos patogĂȘnicos e fisiopatolĂłgicos da CDC foram revisitados apĂłs atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistĂȘncia parasitĂĄria tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distĂșrbios autonĂŽmicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituĂram alvos potenciais de terapĂȘuticas.
A histĂłria natural das fases aguda e crĂŽnica foi revista, com realce para a transmissĂŁo oral, a forma indeterminada e as sĂndromes crĂŽnicas. MetanĂĄlises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade apĂłs instalação da cardiomiopatia crĂŽnica. Condutas terapĂȘuticas aplicĂĄveis aos indivĂduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os mĂ©todos para detectar alteraçÔes estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas tĂ©cnicas de imageamento cardĂaco tambĂ©m foram revisados, com recomendaçÔes de uso nos vĂĄrios cenĂĄrios clĂnicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por mĂ©todos que detectam fibrose miocĂĄrdica.
A metodologia atual para diagnĂłstico etiolĂłgico e as consequentes implicaçÔes do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. TambĂ©m o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiĂȘncia cardĂaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembĂłlicos, baseado em recursos farmacolĂłgicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. CapĂtulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicĂĄveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grĂĄvidas, na reativação da infecção apĂłs transplante cardĂacos, e outros.
Por fim, dois capĂtulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivĂduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicaçÔes mĂ©dico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz. 
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
CatĂĄlogo TaxonĂŽmico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil
The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the CatĂĄlogo TaxonĂŽmico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others