Y a-t-il un sens de l'histoire dans les services d’eau ? Un modèle post-évolutionniste

Cet article propose un modèle visant à expliquer la diversité et l’évolution des principes qui structurent la gestion des services d’eau potable et d'assainissement à travers le monde. Il questionne un modèle purement évolutionniste, reconstitué à partir de travaux existants. Ce dernier suggère un sens dans l’évolution des modèles structurant la gestion sur les plans technique, financier et de gouvernance. L'analyse de trajectoires française, colombienne, sud-africaine et ougandaise montre l’intérêt de compléter ce modèle par les travaux de Kingdon (1984) et Jabko (2009). Sans contester « le sens de l’histoire », le cadre proposé explique la persistance de combinaisons de principes de gestion diverses et parfois sous-optimales. En outre, ce travail met en évidence des mécanismes de changement fondés sur l’émergence de crises et le jeu de coalitions d’acteurs, au sein desquels l’ambiguïté joue un rôle fondamental. Ce cadre d’analyse explique enfin les limites de la transposition transnationale de modèles de gestion et peut donc être applicable à d’autres secteurs de l’action publique.Is the history of water services already written: toward a post-evolutionist model. This paper proposes a model aiming at explaining the diversity and the evolution of the main management principles of water and sewerage utilities worldwide. It discusses a purely evolutionist model built from existing literature. Such a model suggests a logics in the evolution of water utilities management and organisation according to technical, financial and governance issues. The analysis of French, Colombian, South-African and Ugandan paths shows the worth of completing such an approach with the work of Kingdon (1984) and Jabko (2009). Far from rejecting an historical direction, the proposed frame explains why so many combinations of management principles exist, even non-performing ones. Moreover, this paper highlights change mechanisms based on the emergence of crises and the game of coalitions, where ambiguity plays a crucial role. This frame of analysis finally explains the limits of importing management models, and may therefore be relevant for other sectors of public action

Kepler Data Release 25 Notes (Q0-Q17)

These Data Release Notes provide information specific to the current reprocessing and re-export of the Q0-Q17 data. The data products included in this data release include target pixel files, light curve files, FFIs,CBVs, ARP, Background, and Collateral files. This release marks the final processing of the Kepler Mission Data. See Tables 1 and 2 for a list of the reprocessed Kepler cadence data. See Table 3 for a list of the available FFIs. The Long Cadence Data, Short Cadence Data, and FFI data are documented in these data release notes. The ancillary files (i.e., cotrending basis vectors, artifact removal pixels, background, and collateral data) are described in the Archive Manual (Thompson et al., 2016)

In Support of a Patient-Driven Initiative and Petition to Lower the High Price of Cancer Drugs

Comment in Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs--III. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016] Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs--I. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016] Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs--IV. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016] In Reply--Lowering the High Cost of Cancer Drugs. [Mayo Clin Proc. 2016] US oncologists call for government regulation to curb drug price rises. [BMJ. 2015

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key chemical species that is found in a wide range of planetary atmospheres. In the context of exoplanets, CO2 is an indicator of the metal enrichment (that is, elements heavier than helium, also called ‘metallicity’), and thus the formation processes of the primary atmospheres of hot gas giants. It is also one of the most promising species to detect in the secondary atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets. Previous photometric measurements of transiting planets with the Spitzer Space Telescope have given hints of the presence of CO2, but have not yielded definitive detections owing to the lack of unambiguous spectroscopic identification. Here we present the detection of CO2 in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b from transmission spectroscopy observations obtained with JWST as part of the Early Release Science programme. The data used in this study span 3.0–5.5 micrometres in wavelength and show a prominent CO2 absorption feature at 4.3 micrometres (26-sigma significance). The overall spectrum is well matched by one-dimensional, ten-times solar metallicity models that assume radiative–convective–thermochemical equilibrium and have moderate cloud opacity. These models predict that the atmosphere should have water, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in addition to CO2, but little methane. Furthermore, we also tentatively detect a small absorption feature near 4.0 micrometres that is not reproduced by these models

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Atteintes bucco-dentaires et troubles du comportement alimentaire (analyse de données issues d'un PHRC national)

Les troubles du comportement alimentaire ÇTCA) étudiés comprennent l anorexie mentale et la boulimie. Ces deux pathologies peuvent être distinctes ou se succéder, de plus elles entraînent des carences et consommations atypiques d aliments ainsi que des vomissements quotidiens nombreux et une hygiène bucco-dentaire défectueuse. Il est fréquent d observer chez ces patients des atteintes bucco-dentaires multiples. Dans le cadre d un PHRC national, en collaboration avec des psychiatres, une consultation dédiée a été mise en place dans le service d odontologie de Garancière puis à l hôpital Rothschild. Les patients hospitalisés ont dû se présenter à une consultation dentaire en fin d hospitalisation, au cours de laquelle ils devaient remplir le questionnaire de l étude suivi d un examen dentaire complet. L analyse statistique des différentes données issues de ce questionnaire nous a permis de mettre en évidence des facteurs de risque d atteintes bucco-dentaires liées aux TCA et de mettre en place un nouveau questionnaire ainsi qu un document d information et de prévention à l intention de ces patients.PARIS7-Odontologie (751062104) / SudocSudocFranceF