Fungicide And Drying Effects On The Viability Of Recalcitrant Seeds Of Inga Vera Subsp. Affinis

Studies on the health and quality of seeds from native tree species are scarce in the tropics, which is the case of Inga vera, a recalcitrant-seeded Brazilian species used in reforestation. In this study a series of experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of fungicides and hydration levels on the suppression of seed borne fungi and seed physiology. Firstly, three commercially available fungicide formulations (thiram, carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram) for seed treatment were evaluated. Secondly, embryos were subjected to a combination of four drying levels (62, 52, 44 e 34 % water content) with or without fungicide (carbendazim + thiram). All three preliminary screened fungicide formulations were not phytotoxic, with carbendazim + thiram performing best. Seed deterioration was associated with a high incidence of fungi at any level of drying. Fungicide treatment reduced the incidence of the most common fungi (Acremonium curvulum and Phomopsis diachenii) and extended the lifespan of non-dried embryos from 90 to 120 days. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia.41317718

Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE\u27s physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), far detector technical design report, volume III: DUNE far detector technical coordination

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Viability Of Inga Vera Willd. Subsp. Affnis (dc.) T. D. Penn. Embryos According To The Maturation Stage, Fungal Incidence, Chemical Treatment And Storage [viabilidade De Embriões De Inga Vera Willd. Subsp. Affnis (dc.) T. D. Penn. Em Função Do Estádio De Maturação, Da Incidência De Fungos, Do Tratamento Químico E Do Armazenamento]

The main strategies for conserving Inga vera seeds during storage consist of their partial dehydration and low temperatures. However, such storage conditions can lead to further deterioration of the seed, either from its own metabolism or the development of microorganisms favored by moisture. In this study, the relationship between fungi and the conservation of I. vera embryos with different levels of hydration and maturity was studied, together with the efficiency of treating with carboxin + thiram (300 mL/100 kg of embryos) for fungus control. Embryos were collected at two stages (immature and mature) and subjected to two drying levels. A sample of embryos from each stage and drying level was treated with carboxin + thiram. Embryos were then stored at 7 or 25 °C for up to 65 days. It was found that undried, mature embryos have a higher physiological quality than the immature ones after storage at 7 °C for 65 days. The carboxin + thiram treatment is phytotoxic for dried embryos. "Field" fungi develop according to the degree of embryo deterioration, differing from the classic pattern defined for orthodox seeds.3517076Andréo, Y., Nakagawa, J., Barbedo, C.J., Mobilização de água e conservação da viabilidade de embriões de sementes recalcitrantes de ingá (Inga vera Willd. subsp. affnis (DC.) T.D. Pennington) (2006) Revista Brasileira De Botânica, 29, pp. 309-318. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbb/v29n2/a12v29n2.pdfBailey, A.J., Jeger, J.M., Colletotrichum: Biology, pathology and control (1992) Oxford: British Society For Plant Pathology, p. 388Berjak, P., The role of microorganisms in deterioration during storage of recalcitrant and intermediate seeds (1995) Intermediate/recalcitrant Tropical Forest Tree Seeds: Proceedings of a Working On Improved Methods For Handling and Storage of Intermediate/recalcitrant Tropical Forest Tree Seeds, pp. 121-1260. , http://www2.bioversityinternational.org/publications/web_version/67/ch02.htm#bm13-the%20role%20of%20microorganisms%20in%20deterioration%20during%20storage%20of%20recalcitrant%20and%20intermediate%20seeds%20patricia%20berjak, In: OUÉDRAOGO, A.S.POULSEN, K.STUBSGAARD, F, Rome: IPGRIDenmark: DANIDABilia, D.A.C., Marcos-Filho, J., Novembre, A.D.C.L., Conservação da qualidade fsiológicsa de sementes de Inga uruguensis Hook. et Arn (1998) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 20, pp. 48-54. , http://www.abrates.org.br/revista/artigos/1998/v20n1/artigo09.pdfBilia, D.A.C., Barbedo, C.J., Cicero, S.M., Marcos-Filho, J., Ingá: Uma espécie importante para recomposição vegetal em forestas ripárias, com sementes interessantes para a ciência (2003) Informativo Abrates, 13, pp. 26-30Bonjovani, M.R., Barbedo, C.J., Sementes recalcitrantes: Intolerantes a baixas temperaturas Embriões recalcitrantes de Inga vera Willd. subsp. affnis (DC.) T.D. Penn. toleram temperatura sub zero (2008) Revista Brasileira De Botânica, 31, pp. 345-356. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbb/v31n2/v31n2a17.pdfMinistério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2009) Regras Para Análise De Sementes, p. 395. , http://www.agricultura.gov.br/arq_editor/fle/laborat%c3%b3rio/sementes/regras%20para%20analise%20de%20sementes.pdf, BRASIL, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. Brasília, DF: MAPA/ACSDelgado, L.F., Barbedo, C.J., Tolerância à dessecação de sementes de espécies de Eugenia (2007) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 42, pp. 265-272. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pab/v42n2/16.pdfFerreira, D.F., (2003) Software Sisvar: Versão 4.6 (Build 6.0), , http://www.dex.ufa.br/~danielff/softwares.htm, Lavras: DEX/ UFLAGomide, C., Fonseca, C.E.L., Nasser, L.C.B., Charchar, M.J.D., Farias Neto, A.L., Identifcação e controle de fungos associados às sementes armazenadas de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) (1994) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 29 (6), pp. 885-890. , http://webnotes.sct.embrapa.br/pdf/pab1994/junho/pab08_jun_94.pdfKohama, S., Maluf, A.M., Bilia, D.A.C., Barbedo, C.J., Secagem e armazenamento de sementes de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (grumixameira) (2006) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 28, pp. 72-78. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbs/v28n1/a10v28n1.pdfLatunde-Dada, A.O., Colletrotrichum: Tales of Forcible entry, steath, transient confnement and breakout (2001) Molecular Plant Pathology, 2, pp. 187-198. , http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00069.x/pdfLisbôa-Padulla, T., Moraes, M.H.D., Barbedo, C.J., Borges, I.F., Menten, J.O.M., Pascholati, S.F., Detecção de fungos em sementes de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata) coletadas durante sua formação e dispersão (2010) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 32, pp. 154-159. , http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=s0101-31222010000200019escript=sci_arttextMarcos-Filho, J., (2005) Fisiologia De Sementes De Plantas Cultivadas, p. 485. , Piracicaba: FEALQMittal, R.K., Mycofora of recalcitrant tree seeds and its effects on germination and storability (2003) Journal Mycopathologycal Research, 41 (2), pp. 127-134. , http://direct.bl.uk/bld/placeorder.do?uin=156077513eetoc=rnefrom=searchengine, The Indian Mycological Society, University of Calcuta, Kolkata, India(1952) Munsell Color Charts For Plant Tissues, , MUNSELL COLLOR COMPANY, Munsell Collor Company, BaltimoreNakagawa, J., Testes de vigor baseados no desempenho de plântulas (1999) Vigor De Sementes: Conceitos E Testes, p. 218. , In: KRZYZANOWSKI, F.C.VIEIRA, R.D.FRANÇA-NETO, J.B. (Ed.), Londrina: ABRATESOliveira, C.F., Oliveira, D.C., Parisi, J.J.D., Barbedo, C.J., Deterioração de sementes de espéciesbrasileiras de Eugenia em função da incidência e do controle de fungos (2011) Revista Brasileira De Sementes, 33 (3), pp. 520-532. , http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-31222011000300015escript=sci_arttextParisi, J.J.D., Santos, A.F., Métodos convencionais de detecção de fungos em sementes (2011) Patologia De Sementes Forestais, 4, p. 236. , In: SANTOS, A.F.PARISI, J.J.D.MENTEN, J.O, Colombo: Embrapa FlorestasSantana, D.G., Ranal, M.A., (2004) Análise Da Germinação: Um Enfoque Estatístico, p. 248. , Brasília: Ed. Universidade de BrasíliaSutherland, J.R., Dikmann, M., Berjak, P., Forests tree seed health for germplasm conservation (2002) Technical Bulletin, (6), p. 85. , http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fleadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/865_forest_tree_seed_health_for_germplasm_conservation.pdf?cache=1330767484, Ed, Rome: IPGRISutton, B.C., The Genus Glomerella and it's anamorph Colletotrichum (1992) Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control, pp. 1-26. , http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19932328417.html;jsessionid=2e9b969e6052121a4d24870f3a4a2c22, In: BAILEY, J.A, JEGER, M.J. (Ed.), Wallingford, U.K.: CAB Internationa

Respiratory rates of inga vera willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. penn. seeds

The deterioration process of recalcitrant seeds is not fully known, mainly regarding the relation between fungi activity and respiration. Inga vera seeds are characterized by their high degree of sensitivity to desiccation and for only maintaining viability for a few weeks. The objective of this study was to identify the fungus action on respiratory metabolism of I. vera embryos subjected to chemical treatment in order to extend their storability. The results showed that the presence of fungi increases embryo respiration rate, thus affecting their conservation during storage. Treatment with carbendazin + thiram, especially at a dose of 200 ml per each 100 kg of seeds, was effective in controlling fungi, reducing the respiration rate and metabolism of I. vera embryos, increasing the maintenance period of their viability in storage26

Electronic structure of a Mn-6 (S=4) single molecule magnet grafted on Au(111)

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