Evaluation of Fermi Read-out of the ATLAS Tilecal Prototype

Prototypes of the \fermi{} system have been used to read out a prototype of the \atlas{} hadron calorimeter in a beam test at the CERN SPS. The \fermi{} read-out system, using a compressor and a 40 MHz sampling ADC, is compared to a standard charge integrating read-out by measuring the energy resolution of the calorimeter separately with the two systems on the same events. Signal processing techniques have been designed to optimize the treatment of \fermi{} data. The resulting energy resolution is better than the one obtained with the standard read-out

Excipients for Paediatric Population-Shared Issues Need Unified Solution

A major hurdle in pediatric formulation development is the lack of safety and toxic data on some of the commonly used excipients. While the maximum oral safe dose for several kinds of excipients is known in the adult population, the doses in pediatric patients including preterm neonates are not established yet due to the lack of evidence-based data. This article covers the current state, challenges, ongoing efforts and future perspectives on excipients for pediatric formulation in each country and region. As a common issue, lack of information and insufficient regulation process were found. Efforts such as raising issues on excipient exposure, building the database for excipients and improving excipients regulation process are in progress, however, there is a lack of evidence-based information on safety of excipients for the pediatric population. Some guidelines regarding excipient usage in pediatric formulations in some region or country are available but a harmonized guideline with more clear safety limits and quantitative information on excipients of concern in the pediatric population is needed. Internationally harmonized excipients’ regulatory process may contribute to ensuring safe medicinal treatment for the pediatric population

Short-term administration of omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil results in increased transthyretin transcription in old rat hippocampus

Reduced brain levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [arachidonic acid and docosahexanoic acid (DHA)] are observed in elderly subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease. To determine the effects of n-3 fatty acids on aged rat brain, 2-year-old rats were fed fish oil (27% DHA content) for 1 month, and gene expression analysis and fatty acid and molecular species composition of the major phospholipid species were assessed. No significant alteration could be observed in the fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and phosphatidylserines with the exception of DHA, which was slightly higher in brains of rats receiving fish oil. However, a drastic reduction in arachidonic acid in phosphatidylinositoles was observed. The expression of 23 genes was altered in response to fish oil feeding in the hippocampus. The transcription of transthyretin (TTR) was induced by 10-fold as evidenced by microarray analysis and confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of IL-1 and NO synthase, which has been implicated in the prevention of neurological diseases, was unaltered. TTR is an amyloid β protein scavenger, so an increase in its expression could prevent amyloid aggregate formation. We believe the beneficial effects of fish oil might be common to other agents, i.e., induce TTR expression, like nicotine and Ginkgo biloba extract

Evaluation of Fermi read-out of the Atlas Tilecal prototype

Prototypes of the FERMI system have been used to read out a prototype of the ATLAS hadron calorimeter in a beam test at the CERN SPS. The FERMI read-out system, using a compressor and a sampling ADC, is compared to a standard charge integrating read-out by measuring the energy resolution of the calorimeter separately with the two systems on the same events.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-3SYVH5K-41/1/c7deb04cd1c94e28ecafdeda8aea0d1