Interacciones en los niños(a) de la primera infancia

La perspectiva de este trabajo es describir las interacciones que forma parte de las relaciones interpersonales que se dan con las personas que conviven con infantes, ya sea en el hogar como en la escuela; pero estas interacciones deben ser positivas y efectivas, no negativas para que conlleven a afianzar el desarrollo cognitivo, motor, social, emocional y las habilidades comunicativas y del razonamiento. Considerando desde el inicio y el progreso de las interacciones de los infantes. Finalmente ponemos al alcance una propuesta de trabajo para promover las interacciones positivas entre docentes- niños, niños- niñas, entre trabajadores, y con padres y madres de familia

Ferromagnetism in wide band gap materials: Mn-ZnO and Mn-Si3N4 thin films

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física de Materiales. Fecha de lectura: 30-10-200

La ley y las prácticas de protección al consumidor en Perú

This paper offers a panoramic evaluation of consumer protection in Peru up to the middle of 2010. It describes major consumer protection and related laws and analyzes some of its fundamental constraints in its implementation, basically: the imposition of the criteria of "diligent" consumer, the resistance to observe consumer protection norms related to general and abusive contractual clauses, impunity against junk and garbage goods and dangerous products, abandonment of protection of weights and measures in the market, lack of instruments and laboratories to analyze innocuousness of goods and services, passiveness in procedures and execution of resolutions in the informal sector, lack of sanctions for business exploitative conducts and abusive prices, and the predominance of intellectual property interests above those of the consumers. Surprisingly, the paper finds that there is not a clear mandate and institutional actuation regarding the rectorship authority in overall consumer protection matters but there exists relatively good determination in Lima for the resolution of individual consumer conflicts (this does not happen in most provinces or regions of the country given the lack of an effective decentralization scheme). Administrative justice authorities, however, have no hands to solve cases and procedures speedily and effectively bringing into the table the need for an urgent organizational and administrative restructuring. The paper finally finds that consumer associations play a positive role but need to be strengthened and that there is a need for the creation of a national consumer protection system that should articulate all institutions and actors under the leadership of a proactive consumer protection rectorship authority.Este trabajo ofrece una evaluación panorámica acerca de la situación de la protección al consumidor en Perú hasta mediados de 2010. Luego de describir las principales leyes relacionadas con la protección al consumidor, el artículo analiza algunos de los límites encontrados en su aplicación en la práctica, entre ellos: el uso del criterio de consumidor razonable, la resistencia a cumplir las disposiciones que protegen a los consumidores frente a las cláusulas abusivas y generales de contratación, la impunidad hacia los bienes basura y los productos peligrosos, el desamparo frente a los pesos y las medidas, la falta de instrumentación para analizar la inocuidad de los productos y servicios, la pasividad en enfrentar los problemas procesales y de ejecutoria de las resoluciones en el sector informal, el abuso al consumidor por precios abusivos y conductas explotadoras de los proveedores, y la predominancia de los intereses de los tenedores de los derechos de propiedad intelectual por encima de aquellos de los consumidores. Institucionalmente se descubre que en Perú no hay un mandato ni actuación clara acerca de la rectoría de la protección del consumidor, pero en Lima existe una buena determinación en la resolución de los casos y conflictos individuales de los consumidores, aunque muchas deficiencias en el interior del país (no hay una efectiva descentralización). La autoridad de justicia administrativa; sin embargo, no se da abasto para solucionar con celeridad y eficacia los procedimientos, lo que sugiere la urgente necesidad de realizar cambios organizacionales y administrativos. Por último, las asociaciones de consumidores desempeñan un papel positivo, pero necesitan fortalecerse y se requiere un sistema nacional de protección al consumidor que articule a los actores y actúe proactivamente bajo el liderazgo de una autoridad rectora

Superconducting nitridized-aluminum thin films

We report the direct observation of superconductivity in nitridized-aluminum thin films. The films are produced by sputtering deposition of aluminum in a controlled mixture of nitrogen diluted in argon. The concentration of applied nitrogen directly determines the properties of the superconducting thin films. We observe samples displaying critical temperatures up to 3.38 ± 0.01 K and resilience to in-plane magnetic fields well above 1 T, with good reproducibility of the results. This work represents an unambiguous demonstration of tunable superconductivity in aluminum-based nitridized thin films. Our results put forward nitridized aluminum as a promising material to be employed in superconducting quantum circuits for quantum technology applications

Progesterone receptor isoform A may regulate the effects of neoadjuvant aglepristone in canine mammary carcinoma

Background: Progesterone receptors play a key role in the development of canine mammary tumours, and recent research has focussed on their possible value as therapeutic targets using antiprogestins. Cloning and sequencing of the progesterone receptor gene has shown that the receptor has two isoforms, A and B, transcribed from a single gene. Experimental studies in human breast cancer suggest that the differential expression of progesterone receptor isoforms has implications for hormone therapy responsiveness. This study examined the effects of the antiprogestin aglepristone on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B in mammary carcinomas in dogs treated with 20 mg/Kg of aglepristone (n = 22) or vehicle (n = 5) twice before surgery. Results: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples taken before and after treatment were used to analyse total progesterone receptor and both isoforms by RT-qPCR and Ki67 antigen labelling. Both total progesterone receptor and isoform A mRNA expression levels decreased after treatment with aglepristone. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the proliferation index (percentage of Ki67-labelled cells) was observed in progesterone-receptor positive and isoform-A positive tumours in aglepristone-treated dogs. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the antiproliferative effects of aglepristone in canine mammary carcinomas are mediated by progesterone receptor isoform A

Falls prevention among older people and care providers: Protocol for an integrative review

Aim. To review the evidence about the role of care providers in fall prevention in older adults aged ≥ 65 years, this includes their views, strategies, and approaches on falls prevention and effectiveness of nursing interventions. Background. Some fall prevention programmes are successfully implemented and led by nurses and it is acknowledged the vital role they play in developing plans for fall prevention. Nevertheless, there has not been a systematic review of the literature that describes this role and care providers' views on fall's prevention initiatives. Design. A convergent synthesis of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. The eligibility criteria will be based on participants, interventions/exposure, comparisons, and outcomes for quantitative studies and on population, the phenomena of interest and the context, for qualitative studies. To extract data and assess study qualities members of the research team will work in pairs according to their expertise. The review will follow the guidelines for integrative reviews and the proposed methods will adhere to the PRISMA statement checklist complemented by the ENTREQ framework. As qualitative synthesis are emergent, all procedures and changes in procedure will be documented. Discussion. The review has a constructivist drive as studies that combine methods ought to be paradigmatic driven. Review questions are broad to allow issues emerge and have purposefully left the design flexible to allow for adjustments as the review progresses. The review seeks to highlight the roles that care providers play in fall prevention and their views on fall's prevention initiatives.Authors receive funds to conduct this review from the National Institute of Health Carlos III-Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. Madrid, Spain-Grant PI 15/01351

Focal adhesion genes refine the intermediate-risk cytogenetic classification of acute myeloid leukemia

© 2018 by the authors.In recent years, several attempts have been made to identify novel prognostic markers in patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR-AML), to implement risk-adapted strategies. The non-receptor tyrosine kinases are proteins involved in regulation of cell growth, adhesion, migration and apoptosis. They associate with metastatic dissemination in solid tumors and poor prognosis. However, their role in haematological malignancies has been scarcely studied. We hypothesized that PTK2/FAK, PTK2B/PYK2, LYN or SRC could be new prognostic markers in IR-AML. We assessed PTK2, PTK2B, LYN and SRC gene expression in a cohort of 324 patients, adults up to the age of 70, classified in the IR-AML cytogenetic group. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that PTK2B, LYN and PTK2 gene expression are independent prognostic factors in IR-AML patients. PTK2B and LYN identify a patient subgroup with good prognosis within the cohort with non-favorable FLT3/NPM1 combined mutations. In contrast, PTK2 identifies a patient subgroup with poor prognosis within the worst prognosis cohort who display non-favorable FLT3/NPM1 combined mutations and underexpression of PTK2B or LYN. The combined use of these markers can refine the highly heterogeneous intermediate-risk subgroup of AML patients, and allow the development of risk-adapted post-remission chemotherapy protocols to improve their response to treatment.Pallarès, VictorThis work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Co-funding from FEDER) [CD13/00074 to V.P., PI15/00378 and PIE15/00028 to R.M., FIS PI17/01246, RD12/0036/0071 and FIS PI14/00450 to J.S., RD12/0036/0069 to M.G.., ISCIII-PS13/1640 and PI16/0665 to E.B., and RD12/0036/0014 and PIE13/00046 to M.A.S.] CIBERONC [CB16/12/00284 to M.A.S.]; CIBER-BBN [CBV6/01/1031 and Nanomets3 to R.M.]; AGAUR [2017 FI_B 00680 to A.F.; 2017-SGR-865 and 2014PROD0005 to R.M. and 2014-SGR-1281 to J.S.]; Fundació La Marató TV3 [416/C/2013-2030 to R.M., 100830/31/32 to J.S., M.G.. and M.A.S.]; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute [P/AG 2017 to R.M.]; Spanish Health Research Program [PI12/02321 to M.G..]; Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) [to M.C.C.]; a grant from the Cellex Foundation, Barcelona [to J.S.]; a grant from La Generalitat de Catalunya (PERIS) [SLT002/16/00433 to J.S.]; and a grant from Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia (FEHH) [to V.P.]

Daratumumab displays in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in models of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and improves responses to standard chemo-immunotherapy regimens

CD38 is expressed in several types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and constitutes a promising target for antibody-based therapy. Daratumumab (Darzalex) is a first-in-class anti-CD38 antibody approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. It has also demonstrated clinical activity in Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia and amyloidosis. Here, we have evaluated the activity and mechanism of action of daratumumab in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, as monotherapy or in combination with standard chemo-immunotherapy. In vitro, daratumumab engages Fc-mediated cytotoxicity by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis in all lymphoma subtypes. In the presence of human serum, complement-dependent cell cytotoxicity was marginally engaged. We demonstrated by Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy that daratumumab fully penetrated a 3D lymphoma organoid and decreased organoid volume. In vivo, daratumumab completely prevents tumor outgrowth in models of mantle cell and follicular lymphoma, and shows comparable activity to rituximab in a disseminated in vivo model of blastic mantle cell lymphoma. Moreover, daratumumab improves overall survival in a mouse model of transformed CD20dim follicular lymphoma, where rituximab showed limited activity. Daratumumab potentiates the antitumor activity of CHOP and R-CHOP in mantle cell and follicular lymphoma xenografts. Furthermore, in a patient-derived diffuse large B cell lymphoma xenograft model, daratumumab anti-tumor activity was comparable to R-CHOP and the addition of daratumumab to either CHOP or R-CHOP led to full tumor regression. In summary, daratumumab constitutes a novel therapeutic opportunity in certain scenarios and these results warrant further clinical development

Efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in preclinical models of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Background There is no effective therapy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) who progressed to platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Methods We aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of MPM. Results Based on publicly available transcriptomic data of MPM, patients with CDK4 or CDK6 overexpression had shorter overall survival. Treatment with abemaciclib or palbociclib at 100 nM significantly decreased cell proliferation in all cell models evaluated. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly induced G1 cell cycle arrest, thereby increasing cell senescence and increased the expression of interferon signalling pathway and tumour antigen presentation process in culture models of MPM. In vivo preclinical studies showed that palbociclib significantly reduced tumour growth and prolonged overall survival using distinct xenograft models of MPM implanted in athymic mice. Conclusions Treatment of MPM with CDK4/6 inhibitors decreased cell proliferation, mainly by promoting cell cycle arrest at G1 and by induction of cell senescence. Our preclinical studies provide evidence for evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors in the clinic for the treatment of MPM

NEDD9, an independent good prognostic factor in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marató TV3 [416/C/2013-2030,100830/31/32]; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute [P/AG 2014]; Spanish Health Research Program [PI12/02321]; Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) [to MCC]; and a grant from the Cellex Foundation, Barcelona.Intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR-AML) is the largest subgroup of AML patients and is highly heterogeneous. Whereas adverse and favourable risk patients have well-established treatment protocols, IR-AML patients have not. It is, therefore, crucial to find novel factors that stratify this subgroup to implement risk-adapted strategies. The CAS (Crk-associated substrate) adaptor protein family regulates cell proliferation, survival, migration and adhesion. Despite its association with metastatic dissemination and prognosis of different solid tumors, the role of these proteins in hematological malignancies has been scarcely evaluated. Nevertheless, previous work has established an important role for the CAS family members NEDD9 or BCAR1 in the migratory and dissemination capacities of myeloid cells. On this basis, we hypothesized that NEDD9 or BCAR1 expression levels could associate with survival in IR-AML patients and become new prognostic markers. To that purpose, we assessed BCAR1 and NEDD9 gene expression in a cohort of 73 adult AML patients validating the results in an independent cohort (n = 206). We have identified NEDD9, but not BCAR1, as a new a marker for longer overall and disease-free survival, and for lower cumulative incidence of relapse. In summary, NEDD9 gene expression is an independent prognostic factor for favourable prognosis in IR-AML patients