Parasitismo Natural de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), en cuatro departamentos de Paraguay

  The impact produced by natural enemies on culture pests is a very important factor to be taken into account when evaluating control methods. In this contaxt, the characteristic fauna of a region and its influence on a particular pest are very relevant data. This paper records the occurrence of parasitoids naturally associated with the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), in Paraguay, and their percentual impact, calculated from rearing larvae of the host collected during the period 2015 – 2016 in the departments of Caaguazú, Alto Paraná, Canindeyú and Itapúa. The parasitoids recorded were: Dissomphalus spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), Exasticolus fuscicornis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ophion spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Archytas spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Winthenia spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae).  El impacto que los enemigos naturales producen sobre las plagas de cultivos es un factor importante a tener en cuenta en el momento de evaluar los métodos de control a ser aplicados. En este contexto, la fauna propia de una región y su influencia sobre una plaga en particular son datos relevantes. Este articulo reporta la ocurrencia de parasitoides asociados de manera natural al gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), en el Paraguay, y su impacto porcentual, calculado en la base de cría de larvas del hospedero colectados durante el período 2015 - 2016 en los departamentos de Caaguazú, Alto Paraná, Canindeyú e Itapúa. Los parasitoides reportados fueron: Dissomphalus spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), Exasticolus fuscicornis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ophion spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Archytas spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) y Winthenia spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

The V471A polymorphism in autophagy-related gene ATG7 modifies age at onset specifically in Italian Huntington disease patients

The cause of Huntington disease (HD) is a polyglutamine repeat expansion of more than 36 units in the huntingtin protein, which is inversely correlated with the age at onset of the disease. However, additional genetic factors are believed to modify the course and the age at onset of HD. Recently, we identified the V471A polymorphism in the autophagy-related gene ATG7, a key component of the autophagy pathway that plays an important role in HD pathogenesis, to be associated with the age at onset in a large group of European Huntington disease patients. To confirm this association in a second independent patient cohort, we analysed the ATG7 V471A polymorphism in additional 1,464 European HD patients of the “REGISTRY” cohort from the European Huntington Disease Network (EHDN). In the entire REGISTRY cohort we could not confirm a modifying effect of the ATG7 V471A polymorphism. However, analysing a modifying effect of ATG7 in these REGISTRY patients and in patients of our previous HD cohort according to their ethnic origin, we identified a significant effect of the ATG7 V471A polymorphism on the HD age at onset only in the Italian population (327 patients). In these Italian patients, the polymorphism is associated with a 6-years earlier disease onset and thus seems to have an aggravating effect. We could specify the role of ATG7 as a genetic modifier for HD particularly in the Italian population. This result affirms the modifying influence of the autophagic pathway on the course of HD, but also suggests population-specific modifying mechanisms in HD pathogenesis

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Factores asociados a la variación de valores espirométricos en trabajadores a gran altura

Objetivo: Determinar la variación temporal de los valores espirométricos según la altitud geográfica de la sede laboral en un grupo de trabajadores de una minera. Material y Métodos: Estudio longitudinal que usó los valores de espirometría tomados en varios años a trabajadores de dos sedes, una a nivel del mar y otra en gran altura de la serranía peruana. Se usó los valores del volumen espiratorio forzado al primer segundo (VEF1), la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) e índice TIffeneau (VEF1/CVF). Se analizó con modelos que permiten ajustar por el tiempo (PA-GEE), con familia Gaussian, función de enlace identity y modelos robustos, la variable tiempo fue el año de la toma de espirometría. Se encontró los valores p y signos de coeficiente en cada caso. Resultados: De 1349 registros el 86%(1162) fueron varones, la mediana de las edades fue 35 años (rango intercuartílico: 22-66 años). En el análisis multivariado se encontró que hubo una variación en los valores del VEF1 y CVF, estos aumentaron en los hombres, entre los que tenían mayor estatura y en los operarios, pero disminuyeron conforme aumentaba la edad del trabajador. El índice TIffeneau únicamente disminuía según la edad del trabajador, ajustado por todas las variables mencionadas. Conclusiones: Según lo analizado, el cambio en los valores espirométricos está influido por las variables socio-antropométricas y el tipo de trabajo que realizan. Esto debe ser aplicado para el seguimiento de trabajadores que estén expuestos a condiciones similares, como parte de programas de vigilancia ocupacional

Utilización de GEOGEBRA como herramienta metodológica en la enseñanza de la geometría Analítica y su incidencia en el control del rendimiento académico de estudiantes del primer semestre de ingeniería

The present investigation aims to demonstrate that the use of GEOGEBRA for the teaching of Analytical Geometry affects the improvement of the academic performance of students in engineering careers. For the work carried out, a descriptive-correlational analysis was used analyzing two homogeneous groups of students legally registered in the Chair of Linear Algebra and Analytical Geometry, in the first one the traditional method was applied with classroom activities and for the second a semiotic system was used by means of the utilization of GEOGEBRA which is a mathematical software characterized by its versatility and didactic in the teaching of analytical Geometry as well as its applications in vector calculation, differential and integral calculus with one and more variables. To validate the hypothesis, we used the Student t-statistic, recommended for samples of up to 50 elements, with which the comparison between the two means is made with an error level of 5% which indicates the area of risk of rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the research hypothesis with 95% confidence. After performing the statistical analysis, p-value = 0.00099191 was obtained, so when it is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected, accepting the research hypothesis, verifying that the application of GEOGEBRA has a positive impact on the improvement of the academic performance of students by 21.27%.A presente investigação visa demonstrar que o uso de GEOGEBRA para o ensino de Geometria Analítica afeta a melhoria do desempenho acadêmico de estudantes em carreiras de engenharia. Para trabalhar uma análise descritiva-correlacional analisar dois grupos homogéneos de alunos legalmente registradas no Departamento de Álgebra Linear e Geometria Analítica no primeiro método tradicional foi aplicada a atividades de sala de aula eo segundo um sistema semiótico foi usado foi usado por através da utilização de geogebra que é um programa matemático caracterizada pela sua versatilidade e didáctica no ensino de geometria analítica para além das suas aplicações no cálculo de vetor, diferencial e cálculo integral com um e mais variáveis. Foram utilizados o teste t de Student estatístico recomendado para amostras, com 50 elementos, com os quais é realizada a comparação entre dois meios com um nível de erro de 5%, o que indica a área de risco de rejeição para validar a hipótese a hipótese nula e aceitação da hipótese de pesquisa com 95% de confiança. p-valor após análise estatística, foi obtido = 0.00099191 de modo a ser inferior a 0,05 a hipótese nula é rejeitada, aceitando a hipótese de pesquisa, a verificação de que a aplicação de geogebra afecta positivamente melhoria desempenho acadêmico dos alunos em 21,27%.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar que la utilización de GEOGEBRA para la enseñanza del Geometría Analítica incide en el mejoramiento del rendimiento académico de estudiantes en carreras de ingeniería. Para el trabajo realizado se utilizó un análisis descriptivo-correlacional analizando dos grupos homogéneos de estudiantes legalmente matriculados en la catedra de Algebra Lineal y Geometría Analítica, en el primero se aplicó el método tradicional con actividades áulicas y para el segundo se utilizó un sistema semiótico por medio de la utilización de GEOGEBRA el cual es un software matemático caracterizado por su versatilidad y didáctica en la enseñanza de Geometría analítica además de sus aplicaciones en el cálculo vectorial, cálculo diferencial e integral con una y más variables. Para validar la hipótesis se utilizó el estadístico t-Student, recomendado para muestras de hasta 50 elementos, con el cual se realiza el comparativo entre las dos medias con un nivel de error del 5%, el cual indica el área de riesgo de rechazo de la hipótesis nula y aceptación de la hipótesis de investigación con un 95% de confianza. Luego de realizar el análisis estadístico, se obtuvo p-value=0,00099191 por lo que al ser menor de 0,05 se rechaza la hipótesis nula, aceptando la hipótesis de investigación, comprobando que la aplicación del GEOGEBRA incide positivamente en el mejoramiento del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en un 21.27%

Parasitismo Natural de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), en cuatro departamentos de Paraguay

  The impact produced by natural enemies on culture pests is a very important factor to be taken into account when evaluating control methods. In this contaxt, the characteristic fauna of a region and its influence on a particular pest are very relevant data. This paper records the occurrence of parasitoids naturally associated with the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), in Paraguay, and their percentual impact, calculated from rearing larvae of the host collected during the period 2015 – 2016 in the departments of Caaguazú, Alto Paraná, Canindeyú and Itapúa. The parasitoids recorded were: Dissomphalus spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), Exasticolus fuscicornis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ophion spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Archytas spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Winthenia spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae).  El impacto que los enemigos naturales producen sobre las plagas de cultivos es un factor importante a tener en cuenta en el momento de evaluar los métodos de control a ser aplicados. En este contexto, la fauna propia de una región y su influencia sobre una plaga en particular son datos relevantes. Este articulo reporta la ocurrencia de parasitoides asociados de manera natural al gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), en el Paraguay, y su impacto porcentual, calculado en la base de cría de larvas del hospedero colectados durante el período 2015 - 2016 en los departamentos de Caaguazú, Alto Paraná, Canindeyú e Itapúa. Los parasitoides reportados fueron: Dissomphalus spp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), Exasticolus fuscicornis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ophion spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Archytas spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) y Winthenia spp. (Diptera: Tachinidae