H3K56me3 is a novel, conserved heterochromatic mark that largely but not completely overlaps with H3K9me3 in both regulation and localization.

Histone lysine (K) methylation has been shown to play a fundamental role in modulating chromatin architecture and regulation of gene expression. Here we report on the identification of histone H3K56, located at the pivotal, nucleosome DNA entry/exit point, as a novel methylation site that is evolutionary conserved. We identify trimethylation of H3K56 (H3K56me3) as a modification that is present during all cell cycle phases, with the exception of S-phase, where it is underrepresented on chromatin. H3K56me3 is a novel heterochromatin mark, since it is enriched at pericentromeres but not telomeres and is thereby similar, but not identical, to the localization of H3K9me3 and H4K20me3. Possibly due to H3 sequence similarities, Suv39h enzymes, responsible for trimethylation of H3K9, also affect methylation of H3K56. Similarly, we demonstrate that trimethylation of H3K56 is removed by members of the JMJD2 family of demethylases that also target H3K9me3. Furthermore, we identify and characterize mouse mJmjd2E and its human homolog hKDM4L as novel, functionally active enzymes that catalyze the removal of two methyl groups from trimethylated H3K9 and K56. H3K56me3 is also found in C. elegans, where it co-localizes with H3K9me3 in most, but not all, tissues. Taken together, our findings raise interesting questions regarding how methylation of H3K9 and H3K56 is regulated in different organisms and their functional roles in heterochromatin formation and/or maintenance

A core collection of common bean from the Iberian peninsula

11 páginas, 4 tablas.Characterization of crop germplasm from specific regions helps understand the patterns of genetic variation that facilitates further germplasm collection, characterization, management and their more efficient utilization in genetics, breeding and other studies. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional crop in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) where subsistence farmers have been growing and maintaining their own cultivars since their introductions from the Americas in the sixteenth century. Our objectives were to: (i) characterize diversity in the landraces collected from the Iberian Peninsula and (ii) form a core collection. Of 388 landraces from the major production regions characterized for 34quantitative and 13 qualitative characters, including morphological, agronomic and biochemical traits, 74.7% had an Andean origin, 16.8% a Mesoamerican origin and 8.4% had seed mixtures or were recombinants between the two gene pools. Landraces of indeterminate climbing growth habit Type IV(47.2%) and bush determinate Type I(26.4%) with large (52.9%) and medium(27.4%) seeds of white (38.8%) and cream(25.9%) colour were predominant. Similarly, the ‘T’ phaseolin pattern and common bean race Nueva Granada were the most frequent(51%). Some exceptionally large-seeded landraces of Andean (e.g., PHA-0917 with119 g 100-seed weight-1) and Mesoamerican (e.g., PHA-0399 with 66 g100-seed weight-1) were found. These and other possible recombinants between the two gene pools merit further investigation. Fifty two landraces (13%) were chosen to form a core collection representing the genetic diversity in the Iberian Peninsula.This study was made possible through fellowships from Diputación de Pontevedra and Xunta de Galicia (Spain) to Paula Rodiño. Research was supported by the projects AGF97-0324 and RF95-008-C4 from the Spanish Government. We thank the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, Cali, Colombia), the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (Pullman, Washington, USA), the Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos (CRF, Ministry of Agriculture, Madrid, Spain), the Centro de Investigación y Mejora Agraria (NEIKER, Vitoria, Spain) and the Servicio de Investigación Agraria de la Junta de Castilla y León (SITA, Valladolid, Spain) for supplying germplasm.Peer reviewe

Propaganda. Theoretisches Konzept und geschichtliche Bedeutung

Propaganda gilt als politisches Kommunikationsmittel, um die Meinungen und Verhaltensweisen von Zielgruppen auf ein bestimmtes Ziel hin gerichtet zu beeinflussen. Wird in Deutschland der Propagandabegriff vor allem in den Zusammenhang mit dem Nationalsozialismus gestellt, fand er in der Vergangenheit genauso Einsatz im religiösen Umfeld, in der französischen Revolution wie auch in der Werbebranche. Thymian Bussemer verweist auf die verschiedenen Arten der Propaganda seit dem 17. Jahrhundert und liefert einen Überblick über die Stationen der Propagandaforschung von historischen Überblicksarbeiten zu einer gesellschaftsgeschichtlichen Betrachtung

Szociáldemokrata értékek a digitális társadalomban

A társadalom nyaktörő ütemben változik, és csak most kezdjük érzékelni a digitális forradalom és a gyors technológiai változás nyomán újonnan kialakuló életforma körvonalait. A jövő digitális társadalma még mindig nem találta meg a megfelelő formáját és funkcióját. Drámai módon felgyorsult az áruk és az információk áramlása és fogyasztása; az érték létrehozása a korábbiaktól eltérően kevésbé alapul anyagi jellegű dolgokon és folyamatokon; és a meghatározott földrajzi helyekhez kötött intézmények, például az állam, vesztenek viszonylagos fontosságukból. Ezzel egy időben új minták és gyakorlatok, új kapcsolatok és kötődések alakulnak ki, különösen a munka világában

Supramolecular organization of dye molecules in zeolite L channels: synthesis, properties, and composite materials

Sequential insertion of different dyes into the 1D channels of zeolite L (ZL) leads to supramolecular sandwich structures and allows the formation of sophisticated antenna composites for light harvesting, transport, and trapping. The synthesis and properties of dye molecules, host materials, composites, and composites embedded in polymer matrices, including two- and three-color antenna systems, are described. Perylene diimide (PDI) dyes are an important class of chromophores and are of great interest for the synthesis of artificial antenna systems. They are especially well suited to advancing our understanding of the structure–transport relationship in ZL because their core fits tightly through the 12-ring channel opening. The substituents at both ends of the PDIs can be varied to a large extent without influencing their electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra. The intercalation/insertion of 17 PDIs, 2 terrylenes, and 1 quaterrylene into ZL are compared and their interactions with the inner surface of the ZL nanochannels discussed. ZL crystals of about 500 nm in size have been used because they meet the criteria that must be respected for the preparation of antenna composites for light harvesting, transport, and trapping. The photostability of dyes is considerably improved by inserting them into the ZL channels because the guests are protected by being confined. Plugging the channel entrances, so that the guests cannot escape into the environment is a prerequisite for achieving long-term stability of composites embedded in an organic matrix. Successful methods to achieve this goal are described. Finally, the embedding of dye–ZL composites in polymer matrices, while maintaining optical transparency, is reported. These results facilitate the rational design of advanced dye–zeolite composite materials and provide powerful tools for further developing and understanding artificial antenna systems, which are among the most fascinating subjects of current photochemistry and photophysics

Neuaufnahmen jungquartärer Reliktböden entlang der vorpommerschen Ostseeküste

Bei Neukartierungen entlang der vorpommerschen Steilküsten, insbesondere auf den Inselkernen Rügens und Usedoms, sind verschiedene reliktische Bodenhorizonte ausgewiesen worden. Sie entsprechen prinzipiell einerseits dem spätglazialen Finowboden sensu Schlaak und andererseits den Rügerden sensu Kopp. Die vorgestellten paläopedologischen Befunde ergänzen bisherige stärker geologisch, morphologisch bzw. aktuopedologisch orientierte Untersuchungen der vorpommerschen Außenküste und lassen sich zwanglos in das allgemeine Modell der Entstehung der jüngsten Jungmoränenlandschaft integrieren

Zum Einsatz von geoökologisch-bodengeographischen Catenen für hochschuldidaktische Lehrpfade in ausgewählten Schutzgebieten des nordostdeutschen Jungmoränenlandes

Die Arbeiten an mehreren Bodenlehrpfaden mit einhergehender engmaschiger Kartierung ergaben einen Einblick in die Substratzusammensetzung und Bodenentwicklung. Die komplizierten Bodenmuster des jüngeren Jungmoränenlandes können Betrachtern mit unterschiedlichem Kenntnisstand differenziert dargestellt werden. Anhand verschiedener Naturraumtypen werden Darstellungsformen von Böden als Spiegel der Landschaft diskutiert. Diese sollen einerseits direkt im Gelände (Schautafeln) als auch später in einer modifizierten Internetversion die wichtigsten bodengeographischen Informationen vermitteln