Viable Tumor Tissue Adherent to Needle Applicators after Local Ablation: A Risk Factor for Local Tumor Progression

Background. Local tumor progression (LTP) is a serious complication after local ablation of malignant liver tumors, negatively influencing patient survival. LTP may be the result of incomplete ablation of the treated tumor. In this study, we determined whether viable tumor cells attached to the needle applicator after ablation was associated with LTP and disease-free survival. Methods. In this prospective study, tissue was collected of 96 consecutive patients who underwent local liver ablations for 130 liver malignancies. Cells and tissue attached to the needle applicators were analyzed for viability using glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase staining and autofluorescence intensity levels of H&E stained sections. Patients were followed-up until disease progression. Results. Viable tumor cells were found on the needle applicators after local ablation in 26.7% of patients. The type of needle applicator used, an open approach, and the omission of track ablation were significantly correlated with viable tumor tissue adherent to the needle applicator. The presence of viable cells was an independent predictor of LTP. The attachment of viable cells to the needle applicators was associated with a shorter time to LTP. Conclusions. Viable tumor cells adherent to the needle applicators were found after ablation of 26.7% of patients. An independent risk factor for viable cells adherent to the needle applicators is the omission of track ablation. We recommend using only RFA devices that have track ablation functionality. Adherence of viable tumor cells to the needle applicator after local ablation was an independent risk factor for LT

Escalate groundwater potential for acquiring sustainability and resilience in Pekalongan City, Indonesia – a review

Groundwater in Pekalongan City suffered vulnerability. Water catchment quality in there is already at a critical threshold. The anthropogenic and natural factors which have fluctuating rainfall stressed groundwater. There are 4580 companies, 33 accommodation services, and 318 restaurants that exert clean water for their performance. The population of Pekalongan city in 2019 has reached 307,097 people, which has increased by almost 25% of the inhabitants in 1993. The local Health Department reported that there was an increase in the morbidity rate of 27.62% compared to 2018. The increase in flooding and land subsidence had triggered a diminish in land value and engender other economic losses. This study executed with a comprehensive literature review of (1)groundwater characteristics, (2)techniques for enhancing groundwater potential, and (3)alternatives of groundwater preservation that proper it. The assessment approach leads to accelerated groundwater infiltration through cutting material with low permeability by crossing less conductive aquifer layers through the installation infrastructure with large diameters. The unit provides the ability to carry out lateral infiltration and increase water storage in the soil to support sustainability and resilience

SYK-dependent tonic B-cell receptor signaling is a rational treatment target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

The role of B-cell receptor (BCR)–mediated survival signals in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains undefined. Ligand-induced BCR signaling induces receptor oligomerization, Igα/β immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) phosphorylation, and activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which initiates downstream events and amplifies the initial BCR signal. BCRs also transmit low-level tonic survival signals in the absence of receptor engagement. Herein, we assess the role of SYK-dependent tonic BCR survival signals in DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors and evaluate the efficacy of an ATP-competitive inhibitor of SYK, R406, in vitro. R406 induced apoptosis of the majority of examined DLBCL cell lines. In R406-sensitive DLBCL cell lines, R406 specifically inhibited both tonic- and ligand-induced BCR signaling (autophosphorylation of SYK525/526 and SYK-dependent phosphorylation of the B-cell linker protein [BLNK]). The majority of examined primary DLBCLs also exhibited tonic- and ligand-induced BCR signaling; in these primary tumors, BCR signaling was also inhibited by R406. Of note, BCR-dependent and R406-sensitive DLBCL cell lines were independently identified as “BCR-type” tumors by transcriptional profiling. Therefore, SYK-dependent tonic BCR signaling is an important and potentially targetable survival pathway in some, but not all, DLBCLs. In addition, R406-sensitive DLBCLs can be identified by their transcriptional profiles