Israël face aux attentats-suicides : le nouvel ethos de la violence

Cet article interroge l’impact des attentats-suicides sur la relation conflictuelle israélo-palestinienne et tente de comprendre comment les narrations israéliennes, en intégrant ce phénomène, se modifient et renouvellent les perceptions de soi ainsi que les représentations de l’ennemi. Les attaques suicides réactivent l’angoisse existentielle des Israéliens. Malgré la supériorité militaire et économique d’Israël dans la région, le sentiment d’insécurité est profondément ancré dans les esprits de la population et alimente un récit victimaire. Il façonne le prisme sécuritaire qui se forge dans les cercles de décision politique et militaire et au sein de la société, évacuant l’approche politique fondée sur la recherche de compromis. Il contribue à diaboliser l’adversaire. Si l’ennemi palestinien personnifie désormais le Mal absolu aux yeux de nombreux Israéliens, par voie de conséquence, il ne leur reste plus qu’à incarner le Bien et le Juste. Cette vision de soi exclut les voix internes discordantes, quitte à renoncer à certaines valeurs morales.This article analyses the impact of suicide attacks on the Israeli-Palestinian conflictual relation. Taking Palestinian violence into account, Israeli narratives reinforce or reinvent self-perceptions and visions of the enemy. Palestinian suicide-attacks give rise to an existential fear among Israelis despite the military and economic superiority of the Jewish State in the region. The deep feeling of insecurity fuels a narrative of victimhood and strengthens the security prism. Promoted by political and military decisions-makers and imposing itself in the Israeli society, it supplants a political approach based on the will to find a compromise with the adversary. Anxiety contributes to demonize Palestinians and to diffuse a manichaean vision in which the Israelis embody the Good and the Just. On this basis, divergent voices are excluded, sometimes at the price of a renunciation to some moral values

Designing and Implementing Future Aerial Communication Networks

Providing "connectivity from the sky" is the new innovative trend in wireless communications. High and low altitude platforms, drones, aircrafts and airships are being considered as the candidates for deploying wireless communications complementing the terrestrial communication infrastructure. In this article, we report the detailed account of the design and implementation challenges of an aerial network consisting of LTE Advanced (LTE-A) base stations. In particular, we review achievements and innovations harnessed by an aerial network composed of Helikite platforms. Helikites can be raised in the sky to bring Internet access during special events and in the aftermath of an emergency. The trial phase of the system mounting LTE-A technology onboard Helikites to serve users on the ground showed not only to be very encouraging but that such a system could offer even a longer lasting solution provided that inefficiency in powering the radio frequency equipment in the Helikite can be overcome.Comment: IEEE Communications Magazine 201

Aerial base stations with opportunistic links for next generation emergency communications

Rapidly deployable and reliable mission-critical communication networks are fundamental requirements to guarantee the successful operations of public safety officers during disaster recovery and crisis management preparedness. The ABSOLUTE project focused on designing, prototyping, and demonstrating a high-capacity IP mobile data network with low latency and large coverage suitable for many forms of multimedia delivery including public safety scenarios. The ABSOLUTE project combines aerial, terrestrial, and satellites communication networks for providing a robust standalone system able to deliver resilience communication systems. This article focuses on describing the main outcomes of the ABSOLUTE project in terms of network and system architecture, regulations, and implementation of aerial base stations, portable land mobile units, satellite backhauling, S-MIM satellite messaging, and multimode user equipments

A Small but Efficient Collaboration for the Spiral2 Control System Development

http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ICALEPCS2013/papers/tucobab01.pdfThe Spiral2 radioactive ion beam facility to be commissioned in 2014 at Ganil (Caen) is built within international collaborations. This also concerns the control system development shared by three laboratories: Ganil has to coordinate the control and automated systems work packages, CEA/IRFU is in charge of the "injector" (sources and low energy beam lines) and the LLRF, CNRS/IPHC provides the emittancemeters and a beam diagnostics platform. Besides the technology Epics based, this collaboration, although being handled with a few people, nevertheless requires an appropriate and tight organization to reach the objectives given by the project. This contribution describes how, started in 2006, the collaboration for controls has been managed both from the technological point of view and the organizational one, taking into account not only the previous experience, technical background or skill of each partner, but also their existing working practices and "cultural" approaches. A first feedback comes from successful beam tests carried out at Saclay and Grenoble; a next challenge is the migration to operation, Ganil having to run Spiral2 as the other members are moving to new projects

Scratching the surface: Elastic rotations beneath nanoscratch and nanoindentation tests

In this paper, we investigate the residual deformation field in the vicinity of nanoscratch tests using two orientations of a Berkovich tip on an (001) Cu single crystal. We compare the deformation with that from indentation, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of deformation in tangential sliding. The lattice rotation fields are mapped experimentally using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) on cross-sections prepared using focused ion beam (FIB). A physically-based crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM) is used to simulate the lattice rotation fields, and provide insight into the 3D rotation field surrounding a nano-scratch experiment, as it transitions from an initial static indentation to a steady-state scratch. The CPFEM simulations capture the experimental rotation fields with good fidelity, and show how the rotations about the scratch direction are reversed as the indenter moves away from the initial indentation

Assessing powder flowability at low stresses using ball indentation method: Evaluation of constraint factor

Powders can exhibit different flow behaviour resulting from a combination of physical properties of the material and equipment design. Problems with powder flow are ubiquitous in process industry and become prominent when dealing with fine and cohesive powders. It is therefore of great importance to characterise the flowability of cohesive materials for better process control. Powder flowability is commonly assessed under relatively high preconsolidation loads using shear cell and uniaxial compression methods by which the unconfined yield strength (Y) is evaluated as a function of the applied load. However, these techniques are typically limited to applied stresses greater than 1 kPa and require a relatively large quantity of powder. To overcome these limitations, the recently developed Ball Indentation Method (BIM) is used in this work for assessing powder flow behaviour at low stress levels. The unconfined yield strength (Y) is inferred from the resistance to ball penetration into the surface of a powder bed, based on the method for measurement of hardness (H). This requires the flow resistance, represented by hardness, to be related to the unconfined yield strength by a proportionality factor termed the constraint factor, C, following the analogy with yield stress measurement in continuum solids, i.e. Y=H/C. The constraint factor for silanised glass ballotini, calcium carbonate, α-lactose monohydrate, Avicel and limestone is evaluated and reported here. It is shown that the unconfined yield strength inferred by this method correlates well with those from the uniaxial compression and shear cell measurement. The characterisation of the constraint factor makes it possible to use BIM for powder flowability testing at low stress levels and using a very small powder quantity. This is highly desirable for applications such as capsule filling, tableting and dry powder inhaler devices