The School Museum as a Catalyst for a Renewal of the Teaching of History of Education. Practices and experiences from the University of Macerata (Italy)

The article analyzes the educational activities which, since its creation, the School Museum of the University of Macerata has developed with particular regard to the audience of university students. As a result of a fruitful synthesis of the most recent trends in historical-educational research, history teaching and heritage education, the current educational activities delivered by the museum offer an opportunity to rethink the teaching of the history of education itself, from many points of view: first, by developing more operational and participatory ways to convey the contents and methodology of the discipline; secondly, by promoting the museum environment as a laboratory for developing transversal teaching competences, which are crucial for today educators; and, finally, by making school history "tangible" and closer to a wider audience and, so, strengthening the importance and role of education in society

Educating and disciplining readers. Books, publishing and libraries in Italy at the time of the Enquiry of the Congregation of the Index

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to trace an initial profile of the transformations that, between the XVI and XVII centuries, affected the processes of the formation and the disciplining of both the good Christian and the exemplary citizen through \u201cgood reading\u201d, \u201cgood publishing\u201d as well as \u201cgood libraries\u201d. In the age of the Catholic Renewal, the book became a crucial means of education and ideological control and in order to better respond to the new confessionalisation strategies, a sort of real \u201ccultural infrastructures\u201d for the controlled production and diffusion of knowledge begun to emerge in the Catholic world: in these organic systems the library, the printing house and the educational institution operated in synergy in view of a common objective, therefore becoming the pulsating heart of the culture transmitted by the new typographical means. (L'articolo \ue8 stato segnalato nella sezione bibliografica della "Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia", n. 2, 2011, Rif. n. 591)

Chapter Il museo della scuola come luogo di sperimentazione di percorsi di Public History: il caso del Museo della Scuola «Paolo e Ornella Ricca» dell’Università di Macerata

Public historians have definitively recognized the crucial role that museums – on par with libraries, archives, schools as well as media, cultural and tourism industry, and «all other sectors where the knowledge of the past is required to work with different audiences» (AIPH, The Italian Public History Manifesto, 2018) – can play for the development of Public History practices. In this scenario, historians of education do well know the potential that is locked up inside the historical-educational museums too. A potential that, especially in university museums, can improve academic teaching quality, promote innovative research and, finally, foster cultural and social empowerment of communities

Chapter Il museo racconta la scuola tra passato e presente

The Museums of educational heritage - especially those established in University Departments – represent an extraordinary resource for scientific research, education, and the Third Mission, which is aimed at promoting collaboration, dialogue and exchange between the University and its territory to generate knowledge and benefit of social, cultural, and economic nature as well. Within the Third Mission precisely lies Public History defined as "the communication of history outside academic environments" (AIPH 2018). In this framework the paper presents some examples of educational projects and activities carried out with local schools and communities by the "Mauro Laeng" Museum of school and education at the University of Roma Tre, and by the "Paolo & Ornella Ricca" Museum of school history at the University of Macerata. The final aim is to provide a methodological approach, project ideas, and operational tools for inspiring schoolteachers and professors, university researchers and museum educators

Concepções de EJA e de Educação Matemática de formadores de professores e suas repercussões na formação continuada

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar a análise das concepções de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), de ensino e de aprendizagem de matemática de quatro formadores de professores dos CEFAPROs e verificar as possíveis implicações de suas concepções na formação continuada por eles realizada. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o qualitativo com análise interpretativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários, documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A investigação revelou que os formadores possuem concepções que contribuem para uma sólida formação em educação matemática na EJA. No entanto, atualmente os formadores não ministram formação em educação matemática para esse público. Ou seja, os professores da rede pública estadual de Mato Grosso que atuam nessa modalidade de ensino, não participam de formação continuada. Palavras-chave: EJA. Ensino. Aprendizagem. Matemática

Blood pressure variability, heart functionality, and left ventricular tissue alterations in a protocol of severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation

Autonomic control of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) is crucial during bleeding and hemorrhagic shock (HS) to compensate for hypotension and hypoxia. Previous works have observed that at the point of hemodynamic decompensation a marked suppression of BP and HR variability occurs, leading to irreversible shock. We hypothesized that recovery of the autonomic control may be decisive for effective resuscitation, along with restoration of mean BP. We computed cardiovascular indexes of baroreflex sensitivity and BP and HR variability by analyzing hemodynamic recordings collected from five pigs during a protocol of severe hemorrhage and resuscitation; three pigs were sham-treated controls. Moreover, we assessed the effects of severe hemorrhage on heart functionality by integrating the hemodynamic findings with measures of plasma high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and metabolite concentrations in left ventricular (LV) tissue. Resuscitation was performed with fluids and norepinephrine and then by reinfusion of shed blood. After first resuscitation, mean BP reached the target value, but cardiovascular indexes were not fully restored, hinting at a partial recovery of the autonomic mechanisms. Moreover, cardiac troponins were still elevated, suggesting a persistent myocardial sufferance. After blood reinfusion all the indexes returned to baseline. In the harvested heart, LV metabolic profile confirmed the acute stress condition sensed by the cardiomyocytes. Variability indexes and baroreflex trends can be valuable tools to evaluate the severity of HS, and they may represent a more useful end point for resuscitation in combination with standard measures such as mean values and biological measures. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Autonomic control of blood pressure was highly impaired during hemorrhagic shock, and it was not completely recovered after resuscitation despite global restoration of mean pressures. Moreover, a persistent myocardial sufferance emerged from measured cardiac troponin T and metabolite concentrations of left ventricular tissue. We highlight the importance of combining global mean values and biological markers with measures of variability and autonomic control for a better characterization of the effectiveness of the resuscitation strategy

Impact of early percutaneous dilatative tracheostomy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage on main cerebral, hemodynamic, and respiratory variables: A prospective observational study

IntroductionPatients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often require prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation due to prolonged time to obtain neurological recovery. Impairment of consciousness and airway protective mechanisms usually require tracheostomy during the ICU stay to facilitate weaning from sedation, promote neurological assessment, and reduce mechanical ventilation (MV) duration and associated complications. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the technique of choice for performing a tracheostomy. However, it could be associated with particular risks in neurocritical care patients, potentially increasing the risk of secondary brain damage.MethodsWe conducted a single-center, prospective, observational study aimed to assess PDT-associated variations in main cerebral, hemodynamic, and respiratory variables, the occurrence of tracheostomy-related complications, and their relationship with outcomes in adult patients with SAH admitted to the ICU of a neurosurgery/neurocritical care hub center after aneurysm control through clipping or coiling and undergoing early PDT.ResultsWe observed a temporary increase in ICP during early PDT; this increase was statistically significant in patients presenting with higher therapy intensity level (TIL) at the time of the procedural. The episodes of intracranial hypertension were brief, and appeared mainly due to the activation of cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms in patients with impaired compensatory mechanisms and compliance.DiscussionThe low number of observed complications might be related to our organizational strategy, all based on a dedicated “tracheo-team” implementing both PDT following a strictly defined protocol and accurate follow-up

SARS-CoV-2 transmission by asymptomatic healthcare workers positive to screening swab: an Italian study

Background SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets of symptomatic individuals. With respect to asymptomatic individuals, there are conflicting results in the literature and a lack of studies specifically examining transmission in healthcare settings. Methods The aim of this retrospective study, conducted in a northeastern Italian region, was to estimate the contagiousness of asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic HCWs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) at a regular screening nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab between 1 February 2020 and 15 September 2020 were considered index cases. Contacts who were at high risk of infection and had follow-up swabs were included. Contacts were considered infected if they had a positive follow-up swab and/or symptoms associated with COVID-19 confirmed by a positive test within 14 days of exposure. Information was taken from records previously collected to identify contacts. Infectivity was estimated using the attack rate (AR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Thirty-eight asymptomatic HCWs who were positive at the screening swab and 778 contacts were identified. Contacts included 63.8% of colleagues, 25.6% of patients, 7.7% of family members and 3.0% of other contacts. Seven contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (AR: 0.91%, 95% CI: 0.89-0.93). Five of them were family members (AR: 8.3%), one was a colleague (0.2%) and one was a contact of other type (4.2%). Conclusions Viral spread by asymptomatic HCWs was less than in other settings. Identification of risk factors for transmission and reliable indicators of infectivity would be important to prioritize preventive measures

Characterization of immune and enteric systems of broilers after imunosupression with dexamethasone

Bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the thymus are primary lymphoid organs of poultry and play a major role in avian immunity. Enteric system is also involved in immunity. Several pathologic conditions directly impact BF and thymus size, and also affect intestinal parameters. Besides, there are several immune system depressor agents which affect birds. The selection of glucocorticoid as inducer of immunosuppression is applied in many experiments; however there are few studies that are applied to the reality in the field. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone as an inducer of immunosuppression on lymphoid organs and microscopic structures of the jejunum. Materials, Methods & Results: One-day-old chicks were used as a control group (n = 8) and the treated group (n = 25) received intramuscular dexamethasone on 21, 23, 24 and 26 day-old. Control birds and treated birds were euthanized 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 h after inoculation; four control birds and six treated birds were euthanized on the eighth day after the last inoculation. Thymus, BF and jejunum were collected during the necropsy. The selected organs were processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and photographed. The BF and thymus cuts were evaluated by three histopathologists to determine the depletion score. Ten villi of each jejunum were evaluated for width and length of villi, depth crypt, microvillus length, enterocyte length of each villus, and wall thickness. Treated birds presented a mean weight lower than control group during all the experiment. The mean weight and the relative weight of the BF and thymus of control birds were significantly higher than treated ones. The lymphocyte depletion in BF and thymus scores differed significantly between groups, being higher in the group challenged with dexamethasone. There were no significant differences between groups for depth of crypt, height of core and height of microvilli. The intestines of the control group had higher mean values for length of villi, width of villi, height of enterocyte and thickness of wall. Significant correlation between weight of thymus and weight of BF, between weight of thymus and weight of bird and between weight of BF and bird weight were found. Discussion: Easy administration, low cost and the absence of suffering during inoculation make the use of glucocorticoids more advantageous to mimic immunosupression in poultry. Treatment with dexamethasone interfered directly in the weight of the birds. Evaluation of immune response of birds can be performed by the ratio of the BF weight in relation to the weight of the bird, as observed in the present study. The relative weight of the BF of untreated animals varied at all ages between 0.21% and 0.29%. It was also observed that the relative weight of BF and thymus in immunosuppressed birds tended to increase according to the end of the treatment. Depletion scores were higher in thymus, suggesting that glucocorticoid promoted more harmful effects on this organ. Dexamethasone had negative influence on length of villus, once mean value was 13% lower than those of control group. Width of villus and height of enterocyte core of treatment group were lower than those observed in control animals. Coefficient of determination greater than 70% was observed for almost all established relationships, except for the length of villi and weight of the thymus. Administration of dexamethasone promotes significant and negative effects on the gain of weight, length of villi, width of villi and height of enterocytes. These finding are useful for future experiments with controlled immunosuppression induction, once it provides significant information of the secondary effects of glucocorticoids administration in poultry