Formal Safety and Security Assessment of an Avionic Architecture with Alloy

We propose an approach based on Alloy to formally model and assess a system architecture with respect to safety and security requirements. We illustrate this approach by considering as a case study an avionic system developed by Thales, which provides guidance to aircraft. We show how to define in Alloy a metamodel of avionic architectures with a focus on failure propagations. We then express the specific architecture of the case study in Alloy. Finally, we express and check properties that refer to the robustness of the architecture to failures and attacks.Comment: In Proceedings ESSS 2014, arXiv:1405.055

Increase in Tomato Locule Number Is Controlled by Two Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Located

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, the number of locules (cavities containing seeds that are derived from carpels) varies from two to up to 10 or more. Locule number affects fruit shape and size and is controlled by several quantitative trait loci(QTLs). The large majority of the phenotypic variation is explained by two of these QTLs, fasciated (fas) and locule number (lc), that interact epistatically with one another. FAS has been cloned, and mutations in the gene are described as key factors leading to the increase in fruit size in modern varieties. Here, we report the map-based cloning of lc. The lc QTL includes a 1,600-bp region that is located 1,080 bp from the 3# end of WUSCHEL, which encodes a homeodomain protein that regulates stem cell fate in plants. The molecular evolution of lc showed a reduction of diversity in cultivated accessions with the exception of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were shown to be responsible for the increase in locule number. An evolutionary model of locule number is proposed herein, suggesting that the fas mutation appeared after the mutation in the lc locus to confer the extreme high-locule-number phenotype

Could thioredoxin h be involved in early response to gravitropic stimulation of poplar stems?

The perception of gravity is essential for plant development. Trees constantly develop specialized woody tissues, termed « reaction wood » to correct inclined branch and stem growth in order to adopt an optimal position. Despite the economical impact of reaction wood occurrence and itsimportance from a developmental point of view, the perception and response to the gravitational stimulus have not been extensively studied in woody species in which primary and secondary growth occur. Using complementary approaches (proteomics, qRT-PCR, immunolocalization), we have compared straight polar stems to stems that were inclined at 35° from the vertical axis for periods of time varying from 10 min to 6 hours depending on the experiments. The proteomics approach revealed that thirty six percent of the identified proteins that were differentially expressed after gravistimulation were established as potential Thioredoxin targets. qRT-PCR indicated an early induction of Thioredoxin h expression following gravistimulation. In situ immunolocalization indicated that Thioredoxin h protein co-localized with the amyloplasts located in the endodermalcells which may be specialized in gravity perception. These investigations suggest the involvement of Thioredoxin h in the first events of signal transduction in inclined poplar stems, leading to reaction wood formation

Seismotectonics of southeast France: from the Jura mountains to Corsica

The analysis of the seismicity catalog (1996 to 2019) covering the region from the Jura mountains to Corsica provides a first-order image of the distribution of earthquakes, highlighting large structures such as the Briançonnais and Piedmontais seismic arcs, the eastward deepening of the focal depths through the Western Alps, several large active faults (e.g. Belledonne, Middle Durance, Ligure). Over this period the magnitudes are moderate and the focal mechanisms of the main events display a diversity of seismic behaviors that can be explained by the complexity of the different geological domains with a more or less strong structural inheritage, by variable rheological characteristics at the scale of the crust and by the joint action of different mechanisms of deformation. The distribution of the historical events is in fairly good agreement with the instrumental seismicity, but several earthquakes of $M >6$ are highlighted since the 14th century until the beginning of the 20th

Seismotectonics of southeast France: from the Jura mountains to Corsica

The analysis of the seismicity catalog (1996 to 2019) covering the region from the Jura mountains to Corsica provides a first-order image of the distribution of earthquakes, highlighting large structures such as the Briançonnais and Piedmontais seismic arcs, the eastward deepening of the focal depths through the Western Alps, several large active faults (e.g. Belledonne, Middle Durance, Ligure). Over this period the magnitudes are moderate and the focal mechanisms of the main events display a diversity of seismic behaviors that can be explained by the complexity of the different geological domains with a more or less strong structural inheritage, by variable rheological characteristics at the scale of the crust and by the joint action of different mechanisms of deformation. The distribution of the historical events is in fairly good agreement with the instrumental seismicity, but several earthquakes of $M >6$ are highlighted since the 14th century until the beginning of the 20th

Twenty million years of continuous deformation along theKarakorum fault, western Tibet: A thermochronological analysis.

The role of the Karakorum fault zone (KFZ) is debated. South of 33°N, ongoing dextral-oblique slip along the SW edge of the Gar basin exhumes metamorphic and magmatic rocks of the Ayilari range. Minerals have recorded a continuum of deformation from temperatures >600–400°C down to 20 Ma of deformation along the fault. Greenschist facies deformation superimposed upon the medium- to high-grade deformation marks a kinematic change from pure dextral to dextral-normal motion associated with the onset of rapid cooling. At the regional scale, the coexistence of transtension in the Gar basin with transpression documented along the Pangong range farther north suggests another example of the ‘‘zipper tectonics'' model developed along the Red River fault. The kinematic shift induced the rise of the Ayilari range starting at 16–12 Ma and the incision of major river courses. The Indus River might have become captive of the relief at this time. The river's 120 km of apparent offset implies dextral motion at a long-term rate of ca 8.5 ± 1.5 mm/yr

Rapid response to the M_w 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower Rhône Valley, France

On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower Rhône Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE-SW La Rouviere normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E-W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional Cévenne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Étude des activités collaboratives de conception en tant que situation d'apprentissage : application à l'ingénierie des produits et à l'ingénierie didactique

Cette thèse aborde la problématique de la génération des connaissances au cours de la phase de conception et plus particulièrement en conception collaborative. Il est proposé d'exploiter les connaissances en conception après une phase de collecte, de capture. Après une phase de capitalisation viendra une étape de réarrangement de ces connaissances. Un processus appelé "Processus d'Ingénition" est montré. Établi sur le principe de description de graphes de connaissances augmentées d'une triple instrumentation, ce processus permet une analyse originale des phases de conception d'un produit. Des applications à l'ingénierie didactique et à l'ingénierie pédagogique ont vu le jour au cours de ce travail. Les domaines de la conception collaborative de produits, de la didactique et de la gestion des connaissances sont mis en regard pour proposer une vision originale du processus de conception collaborative.This thesis deals with knowledge generation problems during product design and more particularly in collaborative design. By integration of thee fields, collaborative product design, didactic engineering and knowledge management, we propose a generic framework. The main proposition is to capture, capitalize, reorganize and then exploit the knowledge in the field of design product. In the first step we develop a conceptual framework as “process of ingenition”. This global process allows defining the macro level positioning. In the second step the graph of knowledge description with a “triple instrumentation” developed. This process leads to have an original analysis of product design. At last we submit an application of proposed process in didactic and teaching engineering